Abstract:
:Microglia--the macrophage equivalent of the CNS--safeguards and supports neuronal functions. Threats to the CNS homeostasis can trigger a rapid transformation of these cells from a normally "resting" into alerted and "activated" states. Microglia primarily serves the tissue defence and protection when participating in mechanisms of innate and adaptive immunity. On the contrary, excessive acute or chronic microglial activation can provoke severe neuronal and glial damage by carrying or fuelling destructive cascades. Several factors and conditions have already been identified that maintain the resting phenotype or organize and control the activation process. Cells are thereby able to recognize a dangerous signal as well as to sense functional disturbance. Microglial activation is also proving a much more variable and adaptive process than previously noticed. Aiming at microglia as a therapeutic target, research may focus on intracellular pathways that are probably common to activation scenarios as triggered by various receptor systems. Certain signalling elements may have key roles in the cytosolic integration of sensory inputs and a conversion into programs of executive performance. As the integrative aspect of microglial activation becomes illuminated hope builds up also on strategies for selective interference with harmful outcomes in favour of the--phylogenetically approved--beneficial potential of these fascinating cells.
journal_name
Metab Brain Disjournal_title
Metabolic brain diseaseauthors
van Rossum D,Hanisch UKdoi
10.1023/b:mebr.0000043984.73063.d8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-12-01 00:00:00pages
393-411issue
3-4eissn
0885-7490issn
1573-7365journal_volume
19pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Tissue methylmalonic acid (MMA) accumulation is the biochemical hallmark of methylmalonic acidemia. Clinically, the disease is characterized by progressive neurological deterioration and renal failure, whose pathophysiology is still undefined. In the present study we investigated the effect of acute MMA administration...
journal_title:Metabolic brain disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11011-013-9396-0
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the short-term brain activity changes in cirrhotic patients with Liver transplantation (LT) using resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) with regional homogeneity (ReHo) method. Twenty-six cirrhotic patients as transplant candidates and 26 healthy controls were included in this study. The assessment was re...
journal_title:Metabolic brain disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11011-015-9657-1
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of phenylketonuria (PKU)-associated disorders has been implicated. Ischemia modified albumin (IMA) is a modified form of serum albumin, which is produced under the conditions of oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to measure the serum level of IMA in the PKU pat...
journal_title:Metabolic brain disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11011-017-0165-3
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) is a well established procedure to induce neuroinflammation leading to dementia in experimental animals. However, the optimal dose of STZ has not been determined. In the present study, rats were ICV injected with 1.5, 3 and 6 mg of STZ per kg of body weig...
journal_title:Metabolic brain disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11011-020-00588-1
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Maternal separation in non-human primates has been proposed as a model of early adversity. The symptoms of separation anxiety were studied in vervet monkeys, during the weaning period, when psychotropic medications were administered. The control group received a normal diet and treatment groups received citalopram, re...
journal_title:Metabolic brain disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11011-006-9011-8
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::α-asarone (ASR) is a major bioactive compound isolated from the rhizome of Acorus tatarinowii Schott and it has extensive biological effects. Clinically, anxiety disorder is a common comorbidity of chronic pain. However, limited information is available regarding the effects of ASR on chronic pain-related anxiety. Thi...
journal_title:Metabolic brain disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11011-017-0108-z
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The sprouting of new blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature (angiogenesis) is essential for tumour survival, influenced by tumour cell-endothelial cell interactions and is tightly regulated by biochemical cues including the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS). We examined the structural interaction between neuroblastom...
journal_title:Metabolic brain disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11011-006-9008-3
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A rat model of glucose-precipitated Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) has been developed in which glucose loading (10 g/kg, i.p.) of ataxic thiamin-deficient (TD) rats induced episodes of gross neurological dysfunction and sometimes death. The acute effects of a glucose load on the neurological state of thiamin-replete c...
journal_title:Metabolic brain disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1020653312697
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We aimed to evaluate the effect of in vitro galactosaemia on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in different suckling rat brain regions. Various concentrations of galactose (Gal), galactose-1-phosphate (Gal-1-P) and/or galactitol (Galtol) were preincubated for 1 h with homogenates from frontal cortex, hippocampus an...
journal_title:Metabolic brain disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11011-005-7210-3
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) pathway participates in a number of reactions of the cell when responding to various external stimuli. These stimuli include growth factor binding to its receptor as well as stressful situations such as hypoxia and oxidative stress. It has been postulated that one of t...
journal_title:Metabolic brain disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1012541011123
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The developing facial neurons of a series of hamsters ranging in age from the 14-day fetus to the 9 day postnatal were axotomized. Postoperative times were graded for each age so that the retrograde response could be observed before any significant amount of cell degeneration or death occurred. The incorporation of tr...
journal_title:Metabolic brain disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00996894
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The permeability of the blood-brain barrier to glutamate was measured by quantitative autoradiography in brains of 7-day-old rats (average plasma glutamate 114 microM) and rats injected subcutaneously with glutamate (average plasma glutamate 2,670 microM). Measurements of glutamate permeability were initiated by the i...
journal_title:Metabolic brain disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by accumulation and deposition of Aβ peptide in human brain. The present study aimed to determine the protective effect of catechin rich extract of MERM (methanolic extract of Rhizophora mucronata) on Aβ (25-35) induced cognitive impai...
journal_title:Metabolic brain disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11011-016-9831-0
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thiamine triphosphate (ThTP) was discovered over 60 years ago and it was long thought to be a specifically neuroactive compound. Its presence in most cell types, from bacteria to mammals, would suggest a more general role but this remains undefined. In contrast to thiamine diphosphate (ThDP), ThTP is not a coenzyme. I...
journal_title:Metabolic brain disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11011-014-9509-4
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The selective vulnerability of pyramidal neurons in the CA1 hippocampal region in ischemic rat brain may be preceded by regional alterations of energy metabolism during early reperfusion. We measured ATP, phosphocreatine (PCr), and glucose in paramedian and lateral CA1 and in an area showing little postischemic cell l...
journal_title:Metabolic brain disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00999235
更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic exposure to stress amplifies locomotor deficits and exacerbates dopamine neuron loss in an animal model for Parkinson's disease. The release of neurotrophic factors such as glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) following neuronal injury attenuates exacerbated degeneration...
journal_title:Metabolic brain disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11011-017-9988-1
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increasing evidence indicates that fetal metabolic stress may result in a variety of post-natal perturbations during brain development. The goal of the study was to determine the duration of hypoxia/ischemia that would elicit a demonstrable regional depression of metabolism in the fetal brain and further to examine se...
journal_title:Metabolic brain disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11011-006-9031-4
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The enzyme nitric oxide synthase has been associated with suicide behavior. NOS1, NOS2 and NOS3 genes are implicated in the production of nitric oxide. However, the association between NOS genes and suicide behavior has not yet been established. To assess the association of Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) genes and suicid...
journal_title:Metabolic brain disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1007/s11011-019-00406-3
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive psycho-stimulant that induces behavioral changes due to high level of METH-induced dopamine in the brain. Nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays an important role in these changes, especially in drug addiction. However, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms of ME...
journal_title:Metabolic brain disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11011-017-0061-x
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Following axonal interruption, structural, metabolic and physiological parameters change in motorneurons. Also, glial cells are involved in this process. Microglia proliferate and express new proteins such as vimentin or MHC antigens. Astrocytes show hypertrophy, increased GFAP synthesis, and formation of lamellae. Bo...
journal_title:Metabolic brain disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF00999498
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glutaric aciduria type I (GA-I) is an inborn error of lysine and tryptophan metabolism. Clinical manifestations of GA-I include dystonic or dyskinetic cerebral palsy, but when the symptoms occur, treatment is not effective. In Taiwan, newborn screening for GA-I started in 2001; we wish to evaluate the outcomes of pati...
journal_title:Metabolic brain disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11011-012-9349-z
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Long-term or excessive application of morphine leads to tolerance and addiction, which hindered its conventional applications as a drug. Although tremendous progress has been made on the mechanisms of morphine, crucial evidence elaborating the neurobiological basis of tolerance and dependence is still lacking. To furt...
journal_title:Metabolic brain disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11011-014-9638-9
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although gaseous ammonia (NH3) can freely enter cells through the plasma membrane where NH3 is cyto(neuro)toxic, NH3 and ionic ammonia (NH4+) contents have not been studied in biological materials. We developed a new method for measurement of expiratory NH3 concentration, which may reflect blood NH3 concentrations. Th...
journal_title:Metabolic brain disease
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rare metabolic diseases may sometimes arise acutely and endanger human life if not immediately recognized and treated. Marchiafava Bignami disease is an uncommon neurologic disorder described in alcohol abusers and characterized by an acute severe damage of brain white matter. Even more rarely, it has been reported in...
journal_title:Metabolic brain disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11011-016-9893-z
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::While risk factors for konzo are known, determinants of cognitive impairment in konzo-affected children remain unknown. We anchored cognitive performance (KABC-II scores) to serum levels of free-thyroxine (free-T4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), albumin, and motor proficiency (BOT-2 scores) in 40 children includi...
journal_title:Metabolic brain disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11011-014-9492-9
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stroke is devastating and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and its subsequent reactive hyperemia lead to neuronal damage in the hippocampus and cognitive decline. Chrysin (5, 7-dihydroxyflavone) is a well-known member of the flavonoid family with antioxidant and neuro...
journal_title:Metabolic brain disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11011-019-00527-9
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lactic acid accumulation has been implicated in the evolution of brain damage after ischemia. Since compartmentation of lactate may play a role in acid-base balance, lactate release from gerbil hippocampal slices was examined during a number of metabolic stresses including elevated [K+]e, ischemia, anoxia, and aglycem...
journal_title:Metabolic brain disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00999841
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hyperammonemia is necessary for development of the cerebral complications to liver disease including hepatic encephalopathy and cerebral edema but the mechanisms are unclear. Ammonia is taken up by the brain in proportion to its arterial concentration. The flux into the brain is most likely by both diffusion of NH3 an...
journal_title:Metabolic brain disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11011-014-9494-7
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) is a toxin sometimes produced on moldy crops (sugarcane, peanuts, etc.) in amounts sufficient to cause severe neurological disorders when consumed by humans. In vitro, 3-NPA irreversibly inactivates SDH, a Complex II respiratory enzyme required for mitochondrial energy production. A singl...
journal_title:Metabolic brain disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1020753629477
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is evidence to suggest that, in acute liver failure (ALF), brain ammonia and proinflammatory cytokines may act synergistically to cause brain edema and its complications (intracranial hypertension, brain herniation). However, the molecular mechanisms involved remain to be established. In order to address this is...
journal_title:Metabolic brain disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11011-010-9185-y
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00