Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Numerous studies have reported that day-to-day changes in particulate air pollution are associated with day-to-day changes in deaths. Recently, several reports have indicated that the software used to control for season and weather in some of these studies had deficiencies. AIMS:To investigate the use of the case-crossover design as an alternative. METHODS:This approach compares the exposure of each case to their exposure on a nearby day, when they did not die. Hence it controls for seasonal patterns and for all slowly varying covariates (age, smoking, etc) by matching rather than complex modelling. A key feature is that temperature can also be controlled by matching. This approach was applied to a study of 14 US cities. Weather and day of the week were controlled for in the regression. RESULTS:A 10 microg/m3 increase in PM10 was associated with a 0.36% increase in daily deaths from internal causes (95% CI 0.22% to 0.50%). Results were little changed if, instead of symmetrical sampling of control days the time stratified method was applied, when control days were matched on temperature, or when more lags of winter time temperatures were used. Similar results were found using a Poisson regression, but the case-crossover method has the advantage of simplicity in modelling, and of combining matched strata across multiple locations in a single stage analysis. CONCLUSIONS:Despite the considerable differences in analytical design, the previously reported associations of particles with mortality persisted in this study. The association appeared quite linear. Case-crossover designs represent an attractive method to control for season and weather by matching.
journal_name
Occup Environ Medjournal_title
Occupational and environmental medicineauthors
Schwartz Jdoi
10.1136/oem.2003.008250subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-12-01 00:00:00pages
956-61issue
12eissn
1351-0711issn
1470-7926pii
61/12/956journal_volume
61pub_type
杂志文章,多中心研究abstract:BACKGROUND:Controversy still exists about the breast carcinogenic properties in humans of environmental xenoestrogens (organochlorines), justifying new investigations. AIMS:To compare the blood levels of total dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in samples collected at the time of breast ...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.60.5.348
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Studies in traditional paper mills have indicated an excess cancer risk, and mutagenic compounds have been identified in the industry. No studies have reported on risk of cancer in paper recycling. Therefore the cancer incidence in Danish paper recycling mills was investigated. METHODS:5377 employees in fiv...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.54.10.729
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To study the exposure of Parisian taxi drivers to automobile air pollutants during their professional activity. METHODS:A cross sectional study was carried out from 27 January to 27 March 1997, with measurements performed in the vehicles of 29 randomly selected drivers. Carbon monoxide (CO) content was meas...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.57.6.406
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:More than 400,000 workers annually receive a measurable radiation dose and may be at increased risk of radiation-induced leukaemia. It is unclear whether leukaemia risk is elevated with protracted, low-dose exposure. OBJECTIVE:We conducted a meta-analysis examining the relationship between protracted low-dose ...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1136/oem.2009.054684
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess sensitivity and specificity of a questionnaire designed to detect neurotoxic symptoms in workers exposed to solvents and in patients with a psycho-organic syndrome. METHODS:The Swedish Q16 is a self administered questionnaire for neurotoxic symptoms. The modified German version consists of 18 ques...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.58.1.19
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Use of cost-benefit analysis in occupational health increases insight into the intervention strategy that maximises the cost-benefit ratio. This study presents a methodological framework identifying the most important elements of a cost-benefit analysis for occupational health settings. One of the main aims ...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.2011.064709
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine the kinetics of elimination of urinary dialkylphosphate metabolites after oral and dermally applied doses of the organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos to human volunteers and to determine whether these doses affected plasma and erythrocyte cholinesterase activity. METHOD:Five volunteers ingest...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.56.1.10
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is limited research concerning how small companies in particular, respond to health and safety messages. AIMS:To understand individuals' knowledge and beliefs about chemical risks and to compare these with those of experts. METHODS:The use of chromic acid in particular, and also other chemicals assoc...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.59.10.689
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) play an important role in the epidemiological literature, particularly in evaluations of occupational hazards. While some authors have argued that comparisons of SMRs should be avoided, many investigators find such analyses appealing particularly when data are sparse. For...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oemed-2012-100792
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess the prevalence of enzyme sensitisation in the detergent industry. METHODS:A cross sectional study was conducted in a detergent factory. Sensitisation to enzymes was examined by skin prick and radioallergosorbent (RAST) tests. 76 Workers were tested; 40 in manufacturing, packing, and maintenance, a...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.57.2.121
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Violence from care recipients and family members, including both verbal and physical abuse, is a serious occupational hazard for healthcare and social assistance workers. Most workplace violence studies in this sector focus on hospitals and other institutional settings. This study examined verbal abuse in a l...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oemed-2018-105604
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To study the effect on the incidence of cancer of exposure to chemicals handled in the leather tanning industry. MATERIALS AND METHODS:A case-control study was performed within a cohort of 2487 workers employed for at least six months during the period 1900-89 in three Swedish leather tanneries. 68 cancer ca...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.53.7.463
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Few studies have assessed the effects of policies aimed to reduce traffic-related air pollution. The aims of this study were to evaluate the impact, in terms of air quality and health effects, of two low-emission zones established in Rome in the period 2001-2005 and to assess the impact by socioeconomic posi...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.2010.063750
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Two main theoretical models have been used to assess the impact of psychosocial work factors on blood pressure (BP): the demand-control model (DC) and the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model. Little is known about their independent and combined effect. OBJECTIVE:To examine the independent and combined effec...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oemed-2013-101416
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To investigate whether exposure to cobalt in cobalt plants has any measurable effect on the cardiovascular system. METHODS:Occupational, cross sectional study, using a self administered questionnaire, blood pressure measurement, electrocardiography, and laboratory tests in which 203 male workers with at least one...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.2003.009605
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Vibration white finger (VWF), also known as "occupational Raynaud's phenomenon", is marked by arterial hyperresponsiveness and vasoconstriction during cold stimulation. The impact of tobacco use, and by extension stopping smoking, on the long term course of the disease has been inconclusively characterised. ...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.57.5.341
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Occupational workload has been associated with an increased risk of osteoarthritis. The objective was to further examine the association between workload and occurrence of osteoarthritis and in particular to study whether heavy workload has similar importance as a causative factor for osteoarthritis of the hi...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/oem.2007.033365
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A cohort of 4320 uranium miners in West Bohemia who started work at the mines during 1948 to 1959 and worked there for at least four years were followed up to the end of 1990 to determine cause specific mortality risks in relation to exposures in the mines. The miners had experienced high radon exposures, on average 2...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.51.5.308
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To examine the relationship between protease exposure and respiratory disease in a cohort of detergent enzyme manufacturers. METHODS:Case-referent analysis of a cohort of employees working in a European detergent factory between 1989 and 2002. Cases with new lower or upper respiratory disease were ascertain...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.2008.043851
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Endotoxin-exposed workers are at an increased risk of non-atopic asthma and lung-function decline. Genetic variants may influence susceptibility to these effects. The objective of the present study was to assess whether the association between occupational endotoxin exposure and wheeze is modified by innate ...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.2010.060038
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To estimate the occurrence of hand eczema in hairdressers in Sweden. METHODS:The occurrence of hand eczema was estimated in a Swedish longitudinal retrospective cohort study including all female graduates from vocational schools for hairdressers from 1970 to 1995. A stratified sample from the general populat...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.2005.026211
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Assessment of exposure assessment to metal working fluids (MWF) has almost exclusively focused on inhalation exposure. AIMS:To assess levels of, and factors affecting, dermal and inhalation exposure to semi-synthetic MWF, and to identify suitable dermal exposure grouping schemes among metal workers for an e...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.2004.015396
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Office computer workers are at increased risk for neck/upper extremity (UE) musculoskeletal pain. METHODS:A seven-month office ergonomic intervention study evaluated the effect of two engineering controls plus training on neck/UE pain and mechanical exposures in 113 computer workers, including a 3-month fol...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/oemed-2014-102160
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To investigate whether there is a relationship between fatigue and sickness absence. Two additional hypotheses were based on the theoretical distinction between involuntary, health related absence and voluntary, attitudinal absence. In the literature, the former term is usually used to describe long term sic...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/oem.60.suppl_1.i71
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To examine the association of immune cell number and function with occupational exposure to substances contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). METHODS:A cross sectional medical survey. The exposed participants were employed at two chemical plants between 1951 and 1972 in the manufactur...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.55.11.742
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To investigate the possible interaction between occupational risk factors and genotype for glutathione S-transferases M1 and T1 (GSTM1 and GSTT1) in renal cell cancer (RCC). METHODS:One hundred patients with RCC and 200 outpatient controls were enrolled at Parma University Hospital. The polymorphisms of glutathio...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.60.10.789
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The aim was to assess the association between occupational biomechanical exposure and the occurrence of radial nerve entrapment (RNE) in construction workers over a 13-year follow-up period. METHODS:A cohort of 229 707 male construction workers who participated in a national occupational health surveillance...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oemed-2018-105311
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Night shift work has been classified as a probable human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, based on experimental studies and limited evidence on human breast cancer risk. Evidence at other cancer sites is scarce. We evaluated the association between night shift work and stomach c...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oemed-2016-103597
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim was to test if targeting managers with an educational intervention reduces absence among pregnant employees. METHODS:The study was a non-blinded cluster randomised trial conducted in hospitals and daycare institutions from two administrative Danish Regions and two Danish municipalities. Clusters (wor...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oemed-2020-106794
更新日期:2021-01-12 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the risk of cancer associated with exposure to air pollution among bus drivers and tramway employees. METHODS:A retrospective cohort study of 18,174 bus drivers or tramway employees in Copenhagen in the period 1900-94. Data on employment were obtained from company files. Information on cancer ...
journal_title:Occupational and environmental medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/oem.55.9.594
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00