Abstract：
OBJECTIVE:In the absence of trial results that are applicable to the target population, nested case-control studies might be an alternative to full-cohort analysis. We compared relative and absolute estimates of associations in an influenza vaccine study using both designs. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Data from elderly persons enrolled during six consecutive influenza seasons were used (147,551 person-periods). The endpoints "hospitalization for pneumonia or influenza" (P&I) or "death" were used combined and separately to define three types of cases. Controls for the case-control samples were randomly selected from the remainder of the total cohort at different ratios (1:1 to 1:4). Logistic regression analysis was used to assess adjusted vaccine effectiveness (VE). Sampling fractions were used to determine the number needed to treat to prevent one outcome. Receiver-operator-curve analysis was conducted to estimate the area under the curve (AUC) as a measure of discriminative capacity of the prognostic model. RESULTS:In all, 978 P and I hospitalizations and 1,339 deaths were observed. The adjusted estimates of relative estimates (VE, AUC) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals were virtually the same using both study designs, notably when the case-control ratio was high (1:4). CONCLUSION:A nested case-control design can provide valid and precise estimates of associations and is a cost-effective alternative for full-cohort analysis.
journal_name
J Clin Epidemioljournal_title
Journal of clinical epidemiologyauthors
Hak E,Wei F,Grobbee DE,Nichol KLdoi
10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.01.019subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-09-01 00:00:00pages
875-80issue
9eissn
0895-4356issn
1878-5921pii
S0895-4356(04)00118-0journal_volume
57pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Accurate prognosis is critical to the design of all prospective research aimed at improving survival. Predictions based on birth weight, gestational age, or any other single variable, fail to take into account the potentially important contribution of other factors. In order to develop a practical and accurate multiva...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(88)90079-0
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the value of the ankle-brachial systolic pressure index (ABPI) as a test for the diagnosis of peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) in general practice. ABPI measurements on 231 legs of 117 subjects performed in three general practice centers (GPC) were compared with the diagnostic conclusions o...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(96)00275-2
更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Numerous studies have shown that the symptoms of angina pectoris are more prevalent in women than men, than other manifestations of coronary heart disease, with the greatest discrepancies at younger ages. Variation in symptom reliability between genders could be a potential explanation for these differences. The Lipid...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(91)90009-x
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:New evidence continues to emerge and requires attention after the release of a clinical practice guideline (CPG). The objective of this article is to describe the Document Assessment and Review (DAR) strategy designed to ensue that the CPGs remain current and their quality maintained and to present the resul...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.06.013
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Calibration is often thought to assess the bias of a clinical prediction rule. In particular, if the rule is based on a linear logistic model, it is often assumed that an overestimation of all coefficients results in a calibration slope less than 1 and an underestimation in a slope larger than 1. STUDY DESI...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.06.003
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To analyze whether differences between the interval from suspicion or clinical diagnosis to treatment onset (IClinDT) and the interval from certainty diagnosis to treatment onset (ICertDT) varied by tumor site, stage, and mode of hospital admission. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:From our hospital cancer registry...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.12.018
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To evaluate how the rank probabilities obtained from network meta-analysis (NMA) change with the use of increasingly stringent criteria for the relative effect comparing two treatments which ranks one treatment better than the other. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Systematic survey and reanalysis of published dat...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.02.008
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To examine the validity of (1) maternal questionnaire report of children's use of antiasthmatics using a prescription database as the reference standard and (2) dispensed antiasthmatics as a measure of asthma using maternal report of children's asthma as the reference standard. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:A to...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.10.014
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Time-related aspects of health have attracted increasing interest, and it has become evident that many medical situations concern the exchange of present-day costs for future benefits. Traditional decision analytic paradigms weigh the probability of outcomes and the value of outcomes. Such analyses are incomplete if t...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(02)00447-x
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To determine eligibility for a (randomized) clinical trial, measuring the inclusion and exclusion criteria can be extended over a period of time. During this period, known as the selection period, a patient is repeatedly examined at certain time intervals. This study describes an approach for optimizing the efficiency...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(97)00069-3
更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Early identification of pregnant women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is becoming increasingly important in light of recent findings that interventions during and shortly after pregnancy can reduce the rates of vertical transmission. The ability of patients to accurately self-report previous HIV ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(96)00301-0
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To demonstrate the value of item response theory (IRT) and differential item functioning (DIF) methods in examining a health-related quality-of-life measure in children and adolescents. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:This illustration uses data from 5,429 children using the four subscales of the PedsQL 4.0 Generic...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.05.002
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To evaluate meta-analyses with trial sequential analysis (TSA). TSA adjusts for random error risk and provides the required number of participants (information size) in a meta-analysis. Meta-analyses not reaching information size are analyzed with trial sequential monitoring boundaries analogous to interim m...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.10.007
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Occasionally, the efficacy of screening for cancer recurrence has been evaluated by means of case-control studies. However, these studies generally have not been designed and analyzed in a manner that will yield an unbiased result. The commentary shows that by adhering to the principles developed for the analysis of s...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.07.013
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The aim of the present study was to obtain a cross-cultural adaptation and evaluation of a Simplified Chinese (SC) version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) for use in patients with low back pain (LBP). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:The TSK was translated and adapted cross-culturally following internati...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.07.003
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To illustrate how multiple hypotheses testing can produce associations with no clinical plausibility. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We conducted a study of all 10,674,945 residents of Ontario aged between 18 and 100 years in 2000. Residents were randomly assigned to equally sized derivation and validation cohort...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.01.012
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Application of sequential analysis may avoid unnecessary experimentation and achieve economical use of available biomaterial stored in biological banks. When, as often happens in cohort case-controls studies, cases are scarce, it may be possible to use multiple control observations per case to increase the power of a ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(93)90073-a
更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To develop a questionnaire with which to measure quality of life (QoL) in patients with knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Thirty-two caregivers and 96 OA patients were interviewed individually (using cognitive and face-to-face techniques) and in focus groups. A group of experts worki...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.04.011
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:We sought to examine the validity of specific hospital discharge codes in identifying drug toxicity precipitating hospitalization, among elderly users of high-risk medications. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We conducted a cross-sectional evaluation assessing the diagnostic test characteristics of International Cl...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.08.003
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The use of then-test (retrospective pre-test) scores has frequently been proposed as a solution to potential confounding of change scores because of response shift, as it is assumed that then-test and post-test responses are provided from the same perspective. However, this assumption has not been formally te...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.01.021
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this project, we set out to identify ways to increase the uptake of core outcome sets in clinical research. In doing so, we uncovered a growing recognition, across many different health care sectors, of the need for common, relevant outcomes to improve the quality of decision-making. This has led to a plethora of p...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.05.016
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pulmonary embolism (PE) causes substantial morbidity and mortality, but little information is available regarding recent secular trends for PE. This study determined trends for PE in adults ages 30 to 84 years in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area from 1980 to 1995. The age-adjusted mortality rate for PE decre...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00147-x
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Meta-analysis seems to have a potentially useful role in carefully selected situations where the primary literature is of good quality, heterogeneity in the response to treatment of the tested population is small and well-understood, interest centers on estimation of a specific, critical parameter of outcome, and the ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(94)00149-k
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Meta-analyses inform clinical practice by summarizing treatment effect estimates based on results from several trials. However, the statistical significance of a meta-analysis (i.e., whether the pooled treatment effect is statistically significant or not) may rely on the outcome of only a few patients from s...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.03.012
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the cross-cultural adaptations of the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:English and Chinese databases were searched through December 2017. Cross-cultural adaptation and measurement properties were evaluated using the Guidelines for the Process of Cross-Cultural...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.03.011
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare the discriminatory ability of Rasch-based and summative scoring in the context of assessing upper limb function of patients with stroke. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Data were from a cohort study of 497 adults with stroke undergoing physiotherapy. Upper limb function was assessed at admission and disc...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.12.014
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To demonstrate analytic approaches for matched studies where two controls are linked to each case and events are accumulating counts rather than binary outcomes. A secondary intent is to clarify the distinction between total risk and excess risk (unmatched vs. matched perspectives). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.02.005
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Fall risk assessment is important because the consequences, such as a fracture, may be devastating. The objective of this study was to find the test or tests that best predicted falls in a population-based sample of elderly women. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:The fall-predictive ability of a questionnaire, a sub...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.06.013
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The objective of the study is to examine the time from publication of the protocol for a Cochrane review to publication of the Cochrane review for the entire Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGS:Cochrane reviews from the CDSR published between 1995 and 2019 were assessed...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.05.011
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We analyzed the 1986-1997 mortality in a cohort of 2065 residents of an Italian municipality which had been exposed to drinking water with a high content of inorganic selenium over a long period of time, and compared it with mortality in the remainder of the municipal population. Mortality from malignant neoplasms inc...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00233-x
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
