Abstract:
:Recent research suggests that in addition to its prominent role in appetitive learning, the nucleus accumbens (NAC) may also be involved in fear conditioning. In the present study, we investigated whether temporary inactivation of the NAC, by injection of tetrodotoxin (TTX), affects acquisition and expression of conditioned fear, as measured by fear-potentiated startle (FPS). TTX injection into the NAC totally blocked acquisition and markedly decreased expression of conditioned fear to a discrete visual conditioned stimulus (CS). Interestingly, temporary inactivation of the NAC did not affect shock sensitization of startle, indicating that both the perception of the shock and short-term contextual conditioning was not affected by intra-accumbal TTX injection. Taken together, these results show that the NAC is crucial for acquisition and expression of long-term conditioned fear, as measured by fear-potentiated startle, to discrete CSs, but not short-term conditioned fear to a context.
journal_name
Brain Resjournal_title
Brain researchauthors
Schwienbacher I,Fendt M,Richardson R,Schnitzler HUdoi
10.1016/j.brainres.2004.08.037subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-11-19 00:00:00pages
87-93issue
1-2eissn
0006-8993issn
1872-6240pii
S0006-8993(04)01361-7journal_volume
1027pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
BRAIN RESEARCH文献大全abstract::Repeated odorant or electrical stimulation of the frog olfactory nerve leads to long-lasting reduction of excitability of the receptor neurons. In the turtle olfactory nerve electrical stimulation causes an increase in extracellular potassium concentration due to the efflux of potassium from active axons. Elevated pot...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(90)90340-h
更新日期:1990-12-24 00:00:00
abstract::Distribution of adult T cell leukemia derived factor (ADF/TRX), a human thioredoxin homologue, was studied by immunohistochemistry in gerbil brain during reperfusion after transient cerebral ischemia. In control brains, immunoreactivity was observed widely in the central nervous system, including the ependyma, tanycyt...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)90130-f
更新日期:1993-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are a pathological hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP17). However, the cellular origin and the consequence of the NFT formation are poorly un...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2004.05.106
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::High molecular weight complexes of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases isolated from rat brain catalyze the formation of glutamyl-tRNA with an initial lag time of the order of 1 min, as previously reported for the formation of glutamyl-tRNA and glutaminyl-tRNA catalyzed by similar complexes from bovine brain (Vadeboncoeur and ...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0169-328x(86)90016-1
更新日期:1986-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quantitative autoradiography was used to analyze cholecystokinin receptor (CCK-R) binding in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) of gonadectomized rats treated with estrogen or testosterone. In the rostral VMH, sex steroids did not affect binding levels. In the caudal VMH, in both gonadectomized male and femal...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(95)01561-2
更新日期:1996-03-18 00:00:00
abstract::Activation of the immune system in response to either infection or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produces neurophysiological, neuroendocrine and behavioral changes. Some of the physiological consequences of LPS are mediated by endogenous opioid peptides. The following studies were designed to characterize the effects of LP...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)91908-9
更新日期:1994-06-13 00:00:00
abstract::Time-course expression of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins, identified as apoptosis-regulating molecules, was assessed in gerbil hippocampus following transient forebrain ischemia. Brain sections from animals sacrificed at 48, 72, 96 h and 7 days following 5 min ischemia were immunohistochemically evaluated using polyclonal ant...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(95)01436-5
更新日期:1996-03-04 00:00:00
abstract::A correlated intracellular and extracellular study of lumbar motoneuron excitability during sleep and wakefulness was performed in the chronic, unanesthetized, undrugged, normally respiring cat. Experiments were designed to reveal the extent to which hypotonia during active sleep in mammals is dependent on postsynapti...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(81)90836-2
更新日期:1981-11-30 00:00:00
abstract::Recently we reported that chronic treatment with 17beta-estradiol (E2) or tamoxifen (TAM) regulates the ovariectomy-induced downregulation of the key molecules linked to hippocampal synaptic plasticity and signal transduction pathway. We now report modulation of the antiapoptotic (Bcl-2) and proapoptotic (Bax) protein...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2008.01.080
更新日期:2008-04-14 00:00:00
abstract::Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) plays diverse roles in the central nervous system. Activation of ERK1/2 has been observed in various types of neuronal excitation, including seizure activity in vivo and in vitro. However, studies examining ERK1/2 activity and its substrate phosphorylation in parallel...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2015.08.023
更新日期:2015-11-02 00:00:00
abstract::By using enkephalin immunohistochemistry combined with retrograde fluorescent labelling, a great majority of neurons in the rat cerebellum sending their axons to the spinal cord were shown to contain enkephalin immunoreactivity. These neurons were numerous and clustered in the fastigial nucleus but far less abundant i...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(95)00557-7
更新日期:1995-09-04 00:00:00
abstract::Strong evidence obtained from in vivo and ex-vivo studies suggests the existence of interaction between dopaminergic and nitrergic systems. Some of the observations suggest a possible implication of nitric oxide (NO) in dopamine (DA) uptake mechanism. The present work investigated the interaction between both systems ...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.12.054
更新日期:2008-03-10 00:00:00
abstract::It has been hypothesized that a disruption of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor-mediated processes may be involved in the pathophysiology of focal epilepsy. This disinhibition hypothesis has been postulated from the results of in vitro experiments of the interictal activity of focal epilepsy. Less is known, howe...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02209-5
更新日期:2000-05-26 00:00:00
abstract::Brain levels of tyrosine, dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA), tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were measured after 30, 60 and 120 min of sustained seizure activity, induced in paralyzed, artificially ventilated and anaesthetized (70% N2O) rats by administration of bicucull...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(78)90031-8
更新日期:1978-11-24 00:00:00
abstract::Structural changes induced by high frequency (HF) stimulation on granule cells of the hippocampal dentate gyrus of rats with inborn high (HP) and low (LP) learning capacity was examined in this study. Two types of axodendritic synapses were processed morphometrically; the axonal bouton on dendritic shafts and those ma...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(90)90371-h
更新日期:1990-12-24 00:00:00
abstract::A substantial part of language understanding depends on our previous experiences, but part of it consists of the creation of new meanings. Such new meanings cannot be retrieved from memory but still have to be constructed. The goals of this article were: first, to explore the nature of new meaning creation, and second...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.09.014
更新日期:2007-12-05 00:00:00
abstract::Postsynaptic potentials evoked in motoneurons innervating m. posterior biceps and semitendinosus (PBSt) and m. triceps surae (GS) by low threshold afferents from various tail muscles located at the level of the second-third caudal vertebrae were investigated in the non-anesthetized and spinalized cat. Afferent inputs ...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00039-0
更新日期:1998-03-30 00:00:00
abstract::Neurite formation in neurones isolated from adult molluscs in culture has been shown to depend on the total content of Ca in the cells, intracellular Ca2+ concentration, intracellular acid-alkaline balance, extracellular pH, and the capacity and composition of buffers. The neurones with a low total Ca content prior to...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(83)90546-2
更新日期:1983-10-03 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of substantia nigra (SN) stimulation on the activity of the nucleus ventralis lateralis of the thalamus (VL) have been studied. The VL cells were identified as relay or non-relay cells among the cerebellothalamocortical pathway on the basis of orthodromical activation from the cerebellum and antidromical a...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(78)90793-x
更新日期:1978-04-21 00:00:00
abstract::The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) receives dense noradrenergic projections from the brainstem and has been claimed to play a role in expression of a variety of stress responses. Fear-related stimuli suppress vasopressin and facilitate oxytocin release from the neurohypophysis and induce behavioral suppres...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00012-2
更新日期:1998-03-30 00:00:00
abstract::Early brain injury (EBI) plays a pivotal role in the prognosis of patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a highly selective α2 receptor agonist, is reported to exert multiple protective effects in many neurological diseases. This study was designed to investigate whether DEX had neuroprot...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2018.05.040
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A push-pull perfusion technique was employed for in vivo study of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) and guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) in the rat caudate nucleus. Addition of dopamine to the perfusion fluid elicited dose-dependent increases of both cAMP and cGMP perfusate concentrations. In separate experimen...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(79)90495-5
更新日期:1979-12-21 00:00:00
abstract::The occurrence of unmyelinated axons was examined ultrastructurally in rat molar and incisor root pulps of normal rats, of neonatally capsaicin-treated rats, of rats subjected to neonatal capsaicin treatment followed by resection of the superior cervical ganglion and of sympathectomized but otherwise normal rats. Foll...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(88)90533-1
更新日期:1988-10-25 00:00:00
abstract::Flexion movements induced by cortical stimulation and the associated postural adjustments in bilaterally pyramidotomised cats have been studied by means of an apparatus which measures separately the changes of force under each limb in the upright position of the animal. The results show: (1) The general motor behaviou...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(78)90586-3
更新日期:1978-06-23 00:00:00
abstract::Eleven beta-carbolinium compounds (beta C+s) and MPP+ were stereotaxically injected (40-200 nmol in 5 microliter of vehicle) unilaterally into the substantia nigra of anesthetized adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were sacrificed after three weeks. The ipsilateral striatum was analyzed for dopamine and DOPAC le...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(95)00082-2
更新日期:1995-03-27 00:00:00
abstract::Adequate grip force modulation is critical to manual dexterity and often impaired in hemiparetic stroke patients. Previous studies in hemiparetic patients suggest that aspects of grip force control may be differently affected by the lesion. We developed a visuomotor power grip force-tracking task allowing quantificati...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2012.03.007
更新日期:2012-05-03 00:00:00
abstract::We measured the effects of acute or chronic administration of fenfluramine and phentermine, alone or in combination, on brain dopamine and serotonin release into striatal dialysates of freely moving rats. Samples collected every 30 min were assayed in a single run by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Acute or chron...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(98)01003-8
更新日期:1998-11-30 00:00:00
abstract::Alcohols and volatile anesthetics modulate the function of cys-loop ligand-gated ion channels, binding to a putative site between transmembrane domains two and three. The extracellular linker between these two domains is important in the transduction of the gating signal from the glycine binding site to the channel ga...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.03.031
更新日期:2007-06-04 00:00:00
abstract::Calpain, a Ca(2+)-dependent cysteine protease, has been implicated in cytoskeletal protein degradation and neurodegeneration in the lesion and adjacent areas following spinal cord injury (SCI). To attenuate apoptosis or programmed cell death (PCD) in SCI, we treated injured rats with E-64-d, a cell permeable and selec...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02260-5
更新日期:2000-06-09 00:00:00
abstract::The ability to detect and cope with unpredictable novel events is fundamental for adapting to a rapidly changing environment and ensuring the survival of the organism. Despite knowledge of gender differences in emotional processing, little is currently known about the impact of gender on neural processing of emotion-i...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2011.12.017
更新日期:2012-02-09 00:00:00