Hormonal responses to ingesting water or a carbohydrate beverage during a 2 h run.

abstract：BACKGROUND:Stress fracture (SF) injuries in new recruits have long been attributed to low bone mineral density (BMD). Low areal BMD assessed using two-dimensional dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry imaging, however, reflects structural density and is affected by smaller measures of bone geometry. Recent studies support a...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Evans RK,Negus C,Antczak AJ,Yanovich R,Israeli E,Moran DS

更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:The extent to which the diaphragm is targeted during a bout of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is unknown. The purpose of this study was to characterize the relative activation patterns of the diaphragm and extradiaphragmatic inspiratory muscles during a bout of IMT and to determine whether diaphragmatic recr...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Ramsook AH,Koo R,Molgat-Seon Y,Dominelli PB,Syed N,Ryerson CJ,Sheel AW,Guenette JA

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:Identify the prevalence of and traits that may increase the risk of low bone mineral density (BMD) among 93 female adolescent competitive endurance runners. METHODS:Participants were 93 high school runners, ages 13-18 yr, from southern California. Eating attitudes and behaviors were assessed using the Eating D...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Barrack MT,Rauh MJ,Nichols JF

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:To determine whether lactate profiling could detect changes in discrete aspects of endurance fitness in world-ranked swimmers during a season. METHODS:Eight male and four female Australian National Team swimmers aged 20--27 yr undertook a 7 x 200-m incremental swimming step test on four occasions over an 8-mon...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Pyne DB,Lee H,Swanwick KM

更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypertension is present in epidemic proportions in adults of industrialized societies and is associated with a markedly increased risk of developing numerous cardiovascular pathologies. There is a continuing debate as to the efficacy of aggressive pharmacological therapy in individuals with mild to moderate elevations...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors：

更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to examine and quantify the effect of repeated driving stints on the physiologic, metabolic, and hormonal responses of three professional endurance driver-athletes. METHODS:Core body temperature, HR, and physiological strain index were recorded during the Rolex 24 Hours of Daytona...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Potkanowicz ES,Ferguson DP,Greenshields JT

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to examine the relative association of physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and adiposity with C-reactive protein (CRP) in prepubescent children. METHODS:Forty-five prepubescent children (age = 9.4 ± 1.6 yr; 26 boys) were assessed for adiposity (percent fat) via dua...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Parrett AL,Valentine RJ,Arngrímsson SA,Castelli DM,Evans EM

更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:Recent literature suggests that subconcussive impacts may influence cognitive functioning across the life span. These effects are suggested to manifest as functional and possibly structural changes. Head impact biomechanics during American football have been characterized from the high school to professional le...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Martini D,Eckner J,Kutcher J,Broglio SP

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:This study aimed to investigate atrophy in the deep abdominal muscles, spinal extensors, and the effect of high-load resistive exercise with and without whole-body vibration after 60 d of strict bed rest. METHODS:Twenty-four subjects underwent 60 d of head-down tilt bed rest and performed either resistive vibr...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Belavý DL,Gast U,Felsenberg D

更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:Endurance training improves skeletal muscular function including energy metabolism and structure. Sex steroid hormones partly contribute to the exercise-induced muscular adaptations. Recently, we demonstrated that skeletal muscle contains steroidogenic converting enzymes to synthesize sex steroid hormones and a...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Aizawa K,Iemitsu M,Maeda S,Mesaki N,Ushida T,Akimoto T

更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:We investigated the knee-extensor torque at which reoxygenation (inflow of arterial blood) during an isometric contraction stopped, whether this torque depended on maximal torque capacity (MTC), and whether there were differences among the synergists. METHODS:Isometric knee-extension torque was measured using ...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： de Ruiter CJ,Goudsmit JF,Van Tricht JA,de Haan A

更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:Ipratropium bromide (IB) has been used to prevent exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB), but its effect varies among individuals. We hypothesized that such variability may reflect individual differences in vagal activity (VA), and therefore determined whether a correlation exists between VA and the effect ...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Knöpfli BH,Bar-Or O,Araújo CG

更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:The present longitudinal study assessed cardiorespiratory capacity and running economy of Olympic athletes over several decades to measure changes in fitness in an elite group during aging. METHODS:Twenty-six male runners training for the 1968 Olympics were recruited. HR, V˙O2max, ventilation, and running econ...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Everman S,Farris JW,Bay RC,Daniels JT

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a disorder in which gastric contents move from stomach to esophagus. Exercise is a recognized contributing factor to reflux in healthy volunteers and is reported to be proportional to exercise intensity and the type of exercise. Our aim was to explore changes in physiolog...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Collings KL,Pierce Pratt F,Rodriguez-Stanley S,Bemben M,Miner PB

更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the wet suit effect on 8 swimmers and 8 triathletes. For swimmers, the performances of a 400-m swim with and without wet suit were not statistically different (4 min 12.5 +/- 8 s vs 4 min 13.9 +/- 4 s) while for triathletes the swim times were reduced by 19 s (4 ...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Chatard JC,Senegas X,Selles M,Dreanot P,Geyssant A

更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:To explore the influence of the epicardial fat (EF) tissue on aspects of heart rate recovery (HRR) and cardiorespiratory fitness (V O2peak) in middle-aged men. METHODS:A cross-sectional analysis of EF thickness was performed on 101 overweight or obese men. The men were categorized into low-EF, moderate-EF, and...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Kim MK,Tanaka K,Kim MJ,Matsuo T,Tomita T,Ohkubo H,Maeda S,Ajisaka R

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We hypothesized that the structure of systemic arteries would be altered following 10-14 wk of hindlimb unloading (tail suspension) in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Tail suspension resulted in atrophy of the soleus muscle (P < or = 0.01) but no significant differences in the mass of the extensor digitorum muscle, heart,...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Chew HG Jr,Segal SS

更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:To compare four different methods of measuring physical activity (PA) in adult women under free-living conditions. METHODS:Twelve women participated in a 7-d period during which PA was assessed via self-report, accelerometry and step-counting. Subjects wore at the waist a Tritrac-R3D accelerometer, a Computer ...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Leenders NYJM,Sherman WM,Nagaraja HN

更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:Physiological and perceptual measures during interval exercise are not well understood. The current study therefore examined the correspondence between RPE, HR, and blood lactate concentration ([La]) during interval cycling. METHODS:VO2peak and the 4.0 mmol x L(-1) lactate threshold were determined. In session...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Green JM,McLester JR,Crews TR,Wickwire PJ,Pritchett RC,Lomax RG

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE AND METHODS:The isovolumic contractile responsiveness of left ventricular (LV) myocardium to altered extracellular [Ca2+], [Na+], and pacing frequency was examined using perfused hearts (37 degrees C) isolated from sedentary (SED) and treadmill-trained (TR) adult female rats. RESULTS:The suppressive effect of ...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Lankford EB,Korzick DH,Palmer BM,Stauffer BL,Cheung JY,Moore RL

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:To determine the effect of dietary antioxidant restriction on oxidative stress, antioxidant defenses, and exercise performance in athletes. Oxidative stress has been shown to increase during exercise. To alleviate oxidative stress, a high intake of antioxidant rich foods or supplements may be required in traine...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Watson TA,Callister R,Taylor RD,Sibbritt DW,MacDonald-Wicks LK,Garg ML

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The utility of a biomechanical evaluation of an injury is shown for an incident involving bilateral tibial spiral fractures during skiing. With incorporation of directly measured binding release forces into a biomechanical model, estimates of torques transmitted to the skier's leg were determined. The analysis reveale...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Zernicke RF

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:Orienteering athletes must adapt to running on various surfaces, with biomechanics likely contributing to performance. Here, our aims were to identify the effect of athletic status and of surface on the running biomechanics of orienteers. METHODS:Seven elite and seven amateur male orienteers ran 20 m on road, ...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Hébert-Losier K,Mourot L,Holmberg HC

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:This study examined the effect of endurance exercise on dendritic arborization in the dentate gyrus subregion in rodents exposed to a predator scent stress (PSS). METHODS:Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups. In two of the groups, rats were unexposed to PSS but either...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Hoffman JR,Cohen H,Ostfeld I,Kaplan Z,Zohar J,Cohen H

更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:This study aimed to catalog the relationships between step-based accelerometer metrics indicative of physical activity volume (steps per day, adjusted to a pedometer scale), intensity (mean steps per minute from the highest, not necessarily consecutive, minutes in a day; peak 30-min cadence), and sedentary beha...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Tudor-Locke C,Schuna JM Jr,Han HO,Aguiar EJ,Green MA,Busa MA,Larrivee S,Johnson WD

更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Low-intensity exercise (less than or equal to 50% VO2max) has been demonstrated to produce heat acclimation (HA) in trained subjects. The purpose of this study was to determine whether shorter-duration, moderate-intensity exercise would also result in HA. Nine trained runners performed two 9-d exercise heat-stress pro...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Houmard JA,Costill DL,Davis JA,Mitchell JB,Pascoe DD,Robergs RA

更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronically increased contractile activity by low-frequency stimulation induces a transformation of fast- into slow-twitch muscle fibers in the rabbit. This transformation is progressive with the duration of the stimulation and affects various functional systems of the muscle fiber in an orderly sequence. Early change...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Pette D

更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:It is unclear how muscle strength in tibial rotation and knee abduction change following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and reconstruction. Such strength changes are likely, considering the oblique orientation of the ACL and the constraint provided by the ACL at various tibial rotation and adduction po...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Zhang LQ,Nuber GW,Bowen MK,Koh JL,Butler JP

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:To examine whether components of body composition (size, fat mass, and fat-free mass) were related to physical activity. METHODS:A random sample of 60 eligible sixth grade girls at each of 36 schools (six schools per region and six regions in total sample); complete measurements on 1,553 girls. Physical activi...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Lohman TG,Ring K,Schmitz KH,Treuth MS,Loftin M,Yang S,Sothern M,Going S

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ventilatory stimulating effects of hypoxia occurring at carotid bodies are potentiated by exercise. However, hypoxia also has central ventilatory depressive effects; the potential interactions between this hypoxic depression and exercise have not been studied. We examined the ventilatory response to a 20 min perio...

journal_title：Medicine and science in sports and exercise

authors： Ward DS,Nguyen TT

更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00