Abstract:
:Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii. Activated macrophages control T. gondii growth by nitric oxide (NO) production. However, T. gondii active invasion inhibits NO production, allowing parasite persistence. Here we show that the mechanism used by T. gondii to inhibit NO production persisting in activated macrophages depends on phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure. Masking PS with annexin-V on parasites or activated macrophages abolished NO production inhibition and parasite persistence. NO production inhibition depended on a transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) autocrine effect confirmed by the expression of Smad 2 and 3 in infected macrophages. TGF-beta1 led to inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) degradation, actin filament (F-actin) depolymerization, and lack of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) in the nucleus. All these features were reverted by TGF-beta1 neutralizing antibody treatment. Thus, T. gondii mimics the evasion mechanism used by Leishmania amazonensis and also the anti-inflammatory response evoked by apoptotic cells.
journal_name
Biochem Biophys Res Communjournal_title
Biochemical and biophysical research communicationsauthors
Seabra SH,de Souza W,Damatta RAdoi
10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.09.114subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-11-12 00:00:00pages
744-52issue
2eissn
0006-291Xissn
1090-2104pii
S0006-291X(04)02138-2journal_volume
324pub_type
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