Abstract:
:Syncytin is a membrane protein derived from the envelope gene of an endogenous retrovirus of the HERV-W family. The gene appears to be almost exclusively expressed in placenta; the protein was found in particular in syncytiotrophoblast. After transfection into various cell types it has proven to be a very fusogenic protein, inducing the formation of syncytia. Therefore, the question rises as to whether syncytin is responsible for the fusion process of villous cytotrophoblast into syncytiotrophoblast in vivo. If so, how is this fusion process regulated if syncytin is found all over the syncytiotrophoblast? Can this process be regulated through local or temporal changes in syncytin expression, or is syncytin merely one factor in a cascade of events leading to fusion limited at some other level? This review will try to summarize the published data on the regulation of fusion in trophoblast models as well as on the localization and regulation of syncytin expression and of its presumed receptors. Assuming that syncytin is the key factor inducing trophoblast fusion, a number of models will be presented by which syncytin and/or its receptors might regulate this process. In some of the hypotheses proposed, local coexpression of syncytin and receptor, leading to blocking of one factor by the other, is of functional relevance.
journal_name
Hum Reprod Updatejournal_title
Human reproduction updateauthors
Pötgens AJ,Drewlo S,Kokozidou M,Kaufmann Pdoi
10.1093/humupd/dmh039subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-11-01 00:00:00pages
487-96issue
6eissn
1355-4786issn
1460-2369pii
dmh039journal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The improved long-term survival of adolescents and young women treated for cancer has resulted in an increased focus on the effects of chemotherapy on ovarian function and its preservation. These women may seek advice and treatment regarding their reproductive status, including ways of preserving their fertility and p...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmh052
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have examined aspects of the fine structure of the basal laminae associated with the luminal and glandular epithelium and small blood vessels in the human endometrium. Four short studies are presented and reviewed. Study 1 examined biopsies from 20 fertile women taken on days after the luteinizing hormone surge (LH...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/4.5.486
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:High-density lipoprotein (HDL) appears to be the dominant lipoprotein particle in human follicular fluid (FF). The reported anti-atherogenic properties of HDL have been attributed in part to reverse cholesterol transport. The discoveries of the scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) and the ATP-binding ca...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmp029
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recently, dopamine agonists were proposed as a prophylactic treatment for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) in women at high risk in IVF/ICSI treatment cycles. METHODS:We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials comparing the prophylactic effect of the dopamine agonist, ca...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmq006
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endometriosis is considered primarily a disease of the endometrial-subendometrial unit or archimetra. The clinical picture of endometriosis characterises this disease as a hyperactivation of genuine archimetrial functions such as proliferation, inflammatory defence and peristalsis. While the aetiology of the disease r...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/4.5.752
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The wide use of assisted conception methods has risen dramatically. The greater proportion of singletons, twins and high order of multiplicity conceived by those methods have already focused the medical community to various obstetric complications. Recently, there have been suggestions that the levels of mid-gestation...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/5.5.530
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Mild ovarian stimulation has emerged as an alternative to conventional IVF with the advantages of being more patient-friendly and less expensive. Inadequate data on pregnancy outcomes and concerns about the cycle cancellation rate (CCR) have prevented mild, or low-dose, IVF from gaining wide acceptance. OBJ...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmaa035
更新日期:2020-11-04 00:00:00
abstract::Sperm transport from the cervix into the tube is an important uterine function within the process of reproduction. This function is exerted by uterine peristalsis and is controlled by the dominant ovarian structure via a cascade of endocrine events. The uterine peristaltic activity involves only the stratum subvascula...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/humupd/4.5.667
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) typically occurs when ovaries are primed with FSH/LH and subsequently exposed to hCG. The ultimate pathophysiological step underlying this clinical picture is increased vascular permeability (VP). METHODS:A search of the literature was carried out using PubMed and th...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmn008
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the male genital tract, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated by spermatozoa and leukocytes including neutrophils and macrophages. ROS are involved in the regulation of sperm functions such as capacitation and the acrosome reaction. Infections lead to an excessive ROS production, resulting in an 'oxidative bu...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/5.5.399
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The placenta plays a key role in pregnancy, mediating exchanges between mother and fetus and maternal tolerance of fetopaternal antigens. In some species, it also produces hormones that ensure the maintenance of gestation and fetal well-being. This unique organ also has considerable potential for use as a model for va...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmg043
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Worldwide, placenta-related complications contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction and preterm birth, with implications for the future health of mothers and offspring. The placenta develops in the periconception period and forms the interface between mother an...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmy037
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Induced abortion is a common procedure. However, there is marked variation in accessibility of services across England. Accessing abortion services may be difficult, particularly for women who live in remote areas, are in the second trimester of pregnancy, have complex pre-existing conditions or have difficu...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmaa026
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The main objective of individualization of treatment in IVF is to offer every single woman the best treatment tailored to her own unique characteristics, thus maximizing the chances of pregnancy and eliminating the iatrogenic and avoidable risks resulting from ovarian stimulation. Personalization of treatmen...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmt037
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::After colonization of the gonad, mouse female germ cells enter into the prophase of the first meiotic division as a mid-gestational hallmark of gender. Perinatally, oocytes interact with granulosa cells to form primordial follicles which, with cyclic periodicity, enter into a 3-week growth phase that culminates in mei...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/8.5.395
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amenorrhoea associated with reduced caloric intake and strenuous exercise leads to hypoestrogenism and is associated with clinical manifestations that include disordered eating, stress fractures, osteoporosis, and, as recently reported, a potential increase in the risk of premature cardiovascular disease. Disordered e...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmh033
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hirsutism is the presence of excess body or facial terminal (coarse) hair growth in females in a male-like pattern, affects 5-15% of women, and is an important sign of underlying androgen excess. Different methods are available for the assessment of hair growth in women. METHODS:We conducted a literature se...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmp024
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper investigates the relationship of features of in-vitro fertilization (IVF) embryos and the associated oocyte and follicle to the outcome of transfer. It differs from previous studies in including a range of features (n = 53) and in using class probability tree analysis. This is a non-parametric multivariate ...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/4.2.121
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The Fifth Evian Annual Reproduction (EVAR) Workshop Meeting discussed knowledge regarding contemporary genetics in female reproduction. METHODS:Specialist reproductive medicine clinicians and geneticists delivered presentations based on published literature and current research. The content of this report i...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type:
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmr033
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Operative hysteroscopy is a relatively new technique that has significantly improved the diagnosis and therapy of abnormal uterine bleeding. At first, the success of operative hysteroscopy in controlling this bleeding seemed extremely high but, with long-term follow-up, a significant failure rate became evident requir...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/4.4.350
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::As soon as leptin was discovered four years ago, its potential as a player in the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was explored in a primitive way, though little light was shed on the enigma that is PCOS. As a second wave of leptin research is now available, we review how the expanded role of the cytokine in reproduct...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/5.2.166
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although fertility preservation (FP) treatment options have increased, the existing evidence suggests that many women with cancer do not feel well supported in making these decisions, but find them stressful and complex and fail to take up fertility care at this crucial time. Whilst existing reviews have all...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmx009
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::From a public health viewpoint, the intrauterine device (IUD) is the most widely used contraceptive method in the world. Prevalence rates range among countries from 2 to 80% of contraceptive users. During 5 years of IUD use, pregnancy occurs in less than 2 per 100 insertions. Bleeding and pain are the most common reas...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmn003
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The drug research and development (R&D) for endometriosis/adenomyosis has been painfully slow. Most completed clinical trials on endometriosis did not publish their results, and presumably failed. While few published trials did report how they foundered, the reasons why they failed are often completely uncle...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmy020
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Human long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are an emerging category of transcripts with increasingly documented functional roles during development. LncRNAs and roles during human early embryo development have recently begun to be unravelled. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE:This review summarizes the most recent knowledg...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmw035
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:IUI for unexplained infertility can be performed in a natural cycle or in combination with ovarian stimulation. A disadvantage of ovarian stimulation is an increased risk of multiple pregnancies with its inherent maternal and neonatal complication risks. Stimulation agents for ovarian stimulation are clomiph...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmz035
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cryopreservation of testicular tissue might benefit prepubertal boys who must undergo chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Cryopreservation of testicular tissue and testicular cells for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is feasible and widely applied. Testicular tissue from prepubertal boys can also be frozen, by apply...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/7.4.378
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Following its benchmark discovery, nitric oxide (NO) is now known to play important functional roles in a variety of physiological systems. Within the vasculature, NO induces vasodilation, inhibits platelet aggregation, prevents neutrophil/platelet adhesion to endothelial cells, inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferati...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/4.1.3
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical significance of micro-organisms in semen samples of asymptomatic subfertile patients is a matter of constant debate. Usually little attention is paid to anaerobic bacteria as they are sensitive to transportation and culturing, and differentiation is difficult, costly and time-consuming. In the present stu...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/humupd/1.5.462
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polychlorinated dioxins, furans and polychlorinated benzene constitute a family of toxic persistent environmental pollutants. In Europe, environmental concentrations increased slowly throughout this century until the late 1980s. Dioxins have been shown to be carcinogenic in animals and humans. In humans, excess risks ...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/7.3.331
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00