Human flavin-containing monooxygenase form 2 S-oxygenation: sulfenic acid formation from thioureas and oxidation of glutathione.

abstract：:The wide pH range reported for electronic cigarette (ECIG) liquids indicates that nicotine may be present in one or more chemical forms. The nicotine form affects the bioavailability and delivery of nicotine from inhaled products. Protonated nicotine is normally associated with counteranions in tobacco products. The c...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： El-Hellani A,El-Hage R,Salman R,Talih S,Shihadeh A,Saliba NA

更新日期：2017-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:An increased risk of breast cancer has been observed in women who consume "very well-done" meats. Heterocyclic amines are mutagenic and carcinogenic pyrolysis products formed during high temperature cooking of meats. In the present study, human milk samples were analyzed for PhIP, one of the most abundant dietary hete...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： DeBruin LS,Martos PA,Josephy PD

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The initial step in the genesis of neuromelanin, a black polymeric pigment normally found in the cytoplasm of dopaminergic cell bodies in the substantia nigra (SN), is the autoxidation of dopamine (DA) to DA-o-quinone (1). In this investigation, it is demonstrated that in the presence of L-cysteine (CySH) o-quinone 1 ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Shen XM,Dryhurst G

更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The preparation and DNA binding characteristics of a structural analog of Hoechst 33258 bearing two pyridinic nitrogen atoms are described. The 1H NMR signals of the complex formed between the new ligand 1 and decadeoxyribonucleotide d(CATGGCCATG)2 were assigned by employing one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques. In...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Singh MP,Joseph T,Kumar S,Bathini Y,Lown JW

更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions due to the anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac have been proposed to be caused by the generation of reactive acyl glucuronides and oxidative metabolites. For the oxidative metabolism of diclofenac by cytochromes P450 at least five different reactive intermediates have been proposed p...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Dragovic S,Boerma JS,Vermeulen NP,Commandeur JN

更新日期：2013-11-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Iron in iron overload disease is present as non-transferrin-bound iron, consisting of iron, citrate, and albumin. We investigated the redox properties of iron citrate by electrochemistry, by the kinetics of its reaction with ascorbate, by ESR, and by analyzing the products of reactions of ascorbate with iron citrate c...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Adam FI,Bounds PL,Kissner R,Koppenol WH

更新日期：2015-04-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Acetaminophen (APAP), a commonly used analgesic, is catalyzed by cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes to a toxic intermediate which can be trapped by glutathione. Using this approach, involvement of enzymes in the activation of APAP and their kinetics were studied. With human liver microsomes, there were three apparent Km v...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Patten CJ,Thomas PE,Guy RL,Lee M,Gonzalez FJ,Guengerich FP,Yang CS

更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1-Fluoro-1,1,2-trichloroethane (HCFC-131a), 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane (HCFC-132b), and 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (HCFC-133a) were chosen as models for comparative metabolism studies on 1,1,1,2-tetrahaloethanes, which are under consideration as replacements for ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Mal...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Yin H,Jones JP,Anders MW

更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:3-Alkyl-1,2,3-oxadiazolinium ions 1 have been proposed as reactive intermediates in the activation of (2-hydroxyethyl)nitrosamines. The reaction of 3-methyl-1,2,3-oxadiazolinium tosylate (1a), 2-ethyl-1-methoxy-2-phenyldiazenium tetrafluoroborate (3), and 3-phenyl-1,2,3-oxadiazolinium triflate (1b) with thiols was inv...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Loeppky RN,Srinivasan A

更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human breast milk is considered as the best and ideal form of nutrition for infants. However, food contaminants such as mycotoxins, which may be transferred from maternal blood to milk, are poorly described. Mycotoxins are a major group of natural toxins frequently detected in foods. Here, we review the current state-...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Warth B,Braun D,Ezekiel CN,Turner PC,Degen GH,Marko D

更新日期：2016-07-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Nitroaromatic compounds represent a major class of industrial chemicals that are also found in nature. Polycyclic derivatives are regarded as potent mutagens and carcinogens following bioactivation to produce nitrenium electrophiles that covalently modify DNA to afford N-linked C8-2'-deoxyguanosine (C8-dG) lesions tha...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Manning TW,Al-Abdul-Wahid MS,Manderville RA,Josephy PD,Kung RW,Wetmore SD

更新日期：2020-02-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of prostaglandin H synthase-1 (PHS-1) and a related model enzyme, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), in catalyzing the bioactivation of dopamine (DA) and epinephrine and their precursors and metabolites to potential neurodegenerative free radical intermediates was examined. To determine the potential contribution ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Gonçalves LL,Ramkissoon A,Wells PG

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A new procedure has been developed for the extraction of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenyl-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) and other heterocyclic aromatic amines from human breast milk samples. Extracts were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS/MS) with...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Scott KA,Turesky RJ,Wainman BC,Josephy PD

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposures to sulfur mustard (HD; bis(2-chloroethyll) sulfide) are well-known to result in the formation of adducts with free aspartate and glutamate residues of plasma proteins (Lawrence, R. J., Smith, J. R., and Capacio, B. R. 2008 32, (1), 31-36). A modified version of the analytical method reported previously for t...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Young SA,Capacio BR

更新日期：2020-07-20 00:00:00

abstract：:For decades, many studies have linked maternal smoking to an increased risk of preterm birth. As a result, the scientific community has long hypothesized that exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), commonly referred to as second-hand smoke, is also associated with an increased risk of preterm birth. Multiple s...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Elkin ER,O'Neill MS

更新日期：2017-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Sugars and sugar degradation products react in vivo readily with proteins (glycation) resulting in the formation of a heterogeneous group of reaction products, which are called advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs notably change the structure and function of proteins so that extended protein-AGE formation is l...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Schneider M,Thoss G,Hübner-Parajsz C,Kientsch-Engel R,Stahl P,Pischetsrieder M

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Autophagy is a "self-eating" destructive process that eliminates damaged organelles to maintain cellular homeostasis. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are one of the most infamous industrial pollutants, which are ubiquitous in nature. In the present study, we found that an active, quinone-type PCB metabolite (PCB29-pQ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Shi Q,Song X,Liu Z,Wang Y,Wang Y,Fu J,Su C,Xia X,Song E,Song Y

更新日期：2016-07-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Water samples from the Waka River, which runs through an area housing many chemical industry facilities in Wakayama, Japan, have been found to show significant mutagenicity, especially without a mammalian metabolic activation system (S9 mix) in the Salmonella typhimurium YG1024 strain. Mutagens in the river water were...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Takamura-Enya T,Watanabe T,Tada A,Hirayama T,Nukaya H,Sugimura T,Wakabayashi K

更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Divicine is an unstable aglycon metabolite of the fava bean pyrimidine beta-glucoside vicine. Divicine has long been thought to be a mediator of an acute hemolytic crisis, known as favism, in susceptible individuals who ingest fava beans (Vicia faba). However, a recent report has questioned the chemical identity of th...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： McMillan DC,Schey KL,Meier GP,Jollow DJ

更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Arylamines (AAs) and heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) are structurally related carcinogens formed during the combustion of tobacco or cooking of meat. They undergo cytochrome P450 mediated N-hydroxylation to form metabolites which bind to DNA and lead to mutations. The N-hydroxylated metabolites of many AAs also ca...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Pathak KV,Chiu TL,Amin EA,Turesky RJ

更新日期：2016-03-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The hepatic carcinogen aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is metabolized in the liver by at least four different P450s, all of which exhibit large interindividual differences in the expression levels. These differences could affect the individual risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We investigated the metabolism of AFB1 in a pan...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Kamdem LK,Meineke I,Gödtel-Armbrust U,Brockmöller J,Wojnowski L

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The group of perylene quinone-type Alternaria toxins contains several congeners with epoxide groups, for example, altertoxin II (ATX II) and stemphyltoxin III (STTX III). Recent studies in our laboratory have disclosed that the epoxide moieties of ATX II and STTX III are reduced to alcohols in human colon Caco-2 cells...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Fleck SC,Pfeiffer E,Podlech J,Metzler M

更新日期：2014-02-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The activation of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) by lipid ozonation products is reported. The principal products from the ozonation of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) are 1-palmitoyl-2-[8-[3(5-octyl-1,2,4-trioxolan-3-yl)octanoyl]--sn-gly cero-3- phosphocholine (PC-Criegee ozonide) and 1-palmitoyl-2-(9...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Salgo MG,Squadrito GL,Pryor WA

更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent reports by Galeazzi and co-workers demonstrated the susceptibility of Abeta(1-42) to undergo dityrosine formation via peroxidase-catalyzed tyrosine cross-linking. We have formed dityrosine cross-links in Abeta(1-40) using these enzymatic conditions as well as a copper-H(2)O(2) method. The efficiency of dityrosi...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Yoburn JC,Tian W,Brower JO,Nowick JS,Glabe CG,Van Vranken DL

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The development of a unique bioassay for cytotoxicity analysis of coal fly ash (CFA) particulate matter (PM) and its potential application for air quality monitoring is described. Using human cell lines, A549 and SK-MES-1, as live probes on microelectrode-embedded 96-well sensors, impedance changes over time are measu...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Moe B,Yuan C,Li J,Du H,Gabos S,Le XC,Li XF

更新日期：2016-06-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) induces cancer in human lungs, urinary bladder, skin, kidney, and liver, with the majority of deaths from lung and bladder cancer. To date, cancer risk assessments for iAs have not relied on mechanistic data, as we have lacked sufficient understanding of arsenic's pharmacokinetics a...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Kitchin KT,Conolly R

更新日期：2010-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), e.g., benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), possess a bay region comprising an ortho-fused benzene ring. Benzo[ghi]perylene (BghiP) represents the group of PAHs lacking such a "classic" bay region and hence cannot be metabolically converted like BaP to bay region dihydrodiol epoxid...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Platt KL,Grupe S

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Senescence, which is irreversible cell cycle arrest, is induced by various types of DNA damage, including genotoxic stress. Senescent cells show dysregulation of tumor suppressor genes and other regulators of cellular proliferation. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) plays a pleiotropic role in biological proces...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Kim KH,Park B,Rhee DK,Pyo S

更新日期：2015-01-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemically reactive species formed from the metabolism of carboxylic acid-containing compounds have been proposed as mediators of their toxic side-effects. Two alternative metabolic pathways known to be involved in the generation of reactive acylating metabolites of carboxylic acids are acyl glucuronidation and acyl-C...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Li C,Benet LZ,Grillo MP

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:32P-Postlabeling is a powerful technique for the detection of DNA adducts; however, quantitation of DNA adducts by this method can result in errors due to differences in hydrolysis and labeling efficiencies between adducted and normal nucleotides. We have synthesized a DNA sample modified with 4-aminobiphenyl to serve...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Beland FA,Doerge DR,Churchwell MI,Poirier MC,Schoket B,Marques MM

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00