Abstract：
:Injury to the central nervous system causes glial reactions, which eventually lead to the formation of a glial scar and inhibit axonal regeneration. The present study aimed to reduce the extent of glial scar formation in injured cerebral cortex using heparin hexasaccharide (6-mer) and octasaccharide (8-mer). A single injection of 20 microl of heparin 6-mer or heparin 8-mer (10mg/ml), native heparin (10mg/ml), or saline vehicle was given into the wound cavity just after cryo-injury in the cerebral cortex. In saline-injected control rats, strong chondroitin sulfate-A (CS-A) immunoreactivity using 2H6 antibody was observed around the injured site. Double labeling using an antibody against glial fibrillary acidic protein, a glial marker, further demonstrated that CS-A immunoreactivity was mainly expressed on the reactive astrocytes at the glial scar, indicating that CS-A immunohistochemistry is useful for evaluating glial scar formation. Quantitative morphometrical analysis revealed that the area of CS-A immunoreactivity was significantly decreased by 53% in heparin-6-mer-injected animals and 44% in heparin-8-mer-injected ones 6 days after the injury, but native heparin had no effect on CS-A-immunoreactive areas. Both heparin oligosaccharides also attenuated the intensity of CS-A immunoreactivity in the reactive astrocytes and caused astrocytic cellular processes to be less branched. These results demonstrate that a single injection of heparin oligosaccharides attenuates glial scar formation, indicating that heparin oligosaccharides may be applicable to many fibrotic diseases and restore functional integrity.
journal_name
Neurosci Resjournal_title
Neuroscience researchauthors
Hayashi N,Miyata S,Kariya Y,Takano R,Hara S,Kamei Kdoi
10.1016/j.neures.2004.01.007subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-05-01 00:00:00pages
19-27issue
1eissn
0168-0102issn
1872-8111pii
S0168010204000112journal_volume
49pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Communication in the central nervous system (CNS) occurs through initiation and propagation of action potentials at excitable domains along axons. Action potentials generated at the axon initial segment (AIS) are regenerated at nodes of Ranvier through the process of saltatory conduction. Proper formation and maintena...
journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Neuroscience research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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