Abstract:
PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Obesity continues to increase around the globe, and creates a major health problem because of its comorbidities such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Considering that the major cause of most human obesities is the modern lifestyle in a rapidly changing environment, this suggests that the battle is between brain areas controlling internal metabolic homeostasis and those dealing with cognitive and emotional processing of external information. Thus, this review is intended to bridge this apparent neural dichotomy and highlight possible ways of interactions between these homeostatic and nonhomeostatic systems. RECENT FINDINGS:Rapid progress has been made in identifying the molecular mechanisms underlying the neural circuits regulating food intake and energy balance. Specific populations of peptidergic neurons in the medial hypothalamus can be considered metabolic integrators sensing both short and long-term availability of fuels. These cell groups in turn connect with various other brain regions to orchestrate adaptive responses through changes in food intake, as well as endocrine and autonomic responses. Alternatively, the impact of the environmental changes on ingestive behavior have been documented, and many of the underlying cortico-limbic pathways are starting to be identified. It has been proposed that a switch from instinctual control of energy balance to a more cognitive control will be necessary to stop the obesity epidemic. SUMMARY:The realization that there is nothing wrong with the homeostatic regulatory system in common obesity suggests that a systematic investigation of pathways that link the 'cognitive' with the 'metabolic' brain might be a more promising area of research. Such an investigation would reveal new molecular and cellular mechanisms providing new drug targets, leading to behavioral therapies that are directed more towards the causes of common obesity.
journal_name
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Carejournal_title
Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic careauthors
Berthoud HRdoi
10.1097/00075197-200311000-00002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-11-01 00:00:00pages
615-20issue
6eissn
1363-1950issn
1473-6519journal_volume
6pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The nuclear factor kappa B family of inducible transcription factors regulates the expression of many genes. Nuclear factor kappa B has been implicated in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, infection, cell survival, and cell transformation with subsequent promotion of cancer. In this review, we summarize features o...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00075197-200205000-00004
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Adipogenesis has been extensively studied in the context of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. However, little information exists on the role of amino acid metabolism during adipocyte differentiation. Here, we review how branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism is modified during adipogenesis and, ...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0000000000000429
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:There is increased evidence of several impaired gastrointestinal functions with ageing. In the elderly, however, most gastrointestinal functions remain relatively intact because of the large reserve capacity of the intestine and the great secretion capacity of the pancreas. This review will focus on c...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00075197-200301000-00008
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular programme for the turnover of organelles, proteins, and other macromolecules, involving the lysosomal degradation pathway. Emerging evidence suggests that autophagy can play a central role in human metabolism as well as impact diverse cellular processe...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0000000000000068
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Obesity is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation in adipose tissue. This review presents an update on human and rodent studies analyzing the nature of fat-infiltrating immune cells, the time course of adipose tissue infiltration and underlying mechanisms. RECENT FINDINGS:Intensive studies in...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e32833aab7f
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Recent advances in the development of new therapeutic strategies combining conventional adjuvant radio/chemotherapy with nutritional manipulations with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are presented. RECENT FINDINGS:Studies in cell culture and tumour-bearing animals have reported the ability o...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e3281e2c9d4
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the extensive current literature on ethics, very few publications have specifically addressed the ethical issues surrounding the provision of nutrition to perioperative patients. Four publications are particularly relevant and highly recommended [1-4]. This review is an attempt to draw attention to those ethic...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00075197-200001000-00005
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The high sugar content of regular soft drinks brought up discussions on their influence on energy balance and body weight especially in childhood and adolescence. This review examines the evidence for a causal relationship between soft drink consumption and excess weight gain in childhood and identifi...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e32833189f6
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This article provides an overview of the most recent molecular and clinical outcomes of studies that investigate the effect of weight loss and calorie restriction on carbohydrate metabolism, obtained either by dieting or bariatric surgery. It will focus on aspects of carbohydrate metabolism related to...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.mco.0000172585.09762.8e
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:There are concerns about the rising incidence of obesity in children and their acceptance of healthy foods. Many factors affect children's food acceptance, the most salient are those enabling early exposure to culturally appropriate foods in the weaning or pre-weaning period. Parents, however, have al...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e3282f9e228
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The objective of this review has been to analyse and compare the causes, incidence, severity and treatment of gastrointestinal complications in critically ill children and adults. RECENT FINDINGS:The incidence of gastrointestinal complications in critically ill patients published in the literature is...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e3283218285
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Milk is the only biomaterial that evolved under the Darwinian selective pressure to nourish growing mammals. The purpose of this article is to review the scientific research that is using new techniques of integrating biological sequence, structure and function, to understand the innovative biology underlying the prod...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00075197-200211000-00007
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:There is considerable interest in glutamine and selenium in critical care as both offer the potential to enhance host defences, through different but complimentary mechanisms and may reduce subsequent infections and mortality. The SIGNET trial (randomized controlled factorial trial) is the largest, cr...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e32833617cd
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Advances in separation science are leading to more sensitive and more specific analysis of the complex mixtures of metabolites, vitamins and nutrients found in biofluids. Recent developments include capillary electrokinetic separations such as capillary electrophoresis, and the linking of separation methods to new for...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00075197-199809000-00012
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arginine is a non-essential amino acid in mammals as judged from nitrogen balance study. Citrulline is synthesized from glutamate in the small intestine, whilst kidneys and some other tissues convert citrulline to arginine. Ornithine transcarbamylase and carbamylphosphate synthetase are expressed in liver and small in...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00075197-199807000-00004
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The inflammatory response is essential in the response to pathogens. TNF-alpha, IL-1 and IL-6 are key mediators of the response. They initiate metabolic changes to provide nutrients for the immune system, from host tissues. These changes include hyperlipidemia and increased gluconeogenesis. Insulin re...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00075197-200209000-00015
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The purpose of this review is to examine the concept of anorexia of aging, including its complex pathophysiology and the multifaceted interventions required to prevent adverse health consequences from this geriatric syndrome. RECENT FINDINGS:Anorexia of aging is extremely common, occurring in up to 3...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0000000000000336
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Ketone body metabolism is a dynamic and integrated metabolic node in human physiology, whose roles include but extend beyond alternative fuel provision during carbohydrate restriction. Here we discuss the most recent observations suggesting that ketosis coordinates cellular function via epigenomic reg...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0000000000000475
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:In this review, the latest evidence on the influence of dietary protein and plasma amino acids in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is discussed. RECENT FINDINGS:Increasing protein consumption during weight loss and maintenance may help reduce liver fat content. Conversely,...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MCO.0000000000000706
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To examine recent findings related to the influence of omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acid supplementation on skeletal muscle anabolism with a particular focus on situations of skeletal muscle disuse. RECENT FINDINGS:Skeletal muscle disuse results in a reduction in fed and fasted rates of skeletal muscle protei...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MCO.0000000000000723
更新日期:2020-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Acute and chronic diseases are frequently characterized by alterations in energy metabolism that influence nutritional requirements and clinical care. Knowledge of the effect of disease on daily energy expenditure and its components is fundamental to understanding the impact of the disease process on energy balance. T...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00075197-200109000-00009
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The low FODMAP diet is now recognized as first-line therapy for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms including abdominal pain, gas, bloating, diarrhea and or constipation. This information must be disseminated for application to clinical practice. RECENT FINDINGS:There are many people...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0000000000000398
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Strategies used for intensive insulin therapy of critically ill patients and differences of approach according to medical condition are reviewed. RECENT FINDINGS:Acceptance of proposed glycemic targets for critically ill patients has been tempered by uncertainties about benefit of strict glycemic con...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e3280141ff4
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The purpose of the present review is to evaluate the most recent evidence for a role of antioxidant nutrients in the prevention or delay in progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a major cause of visual impairment and blindness in the aging population. RECENT FINDINGS:Recent human stu...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e32833308ff
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Critical illness and severe injury induce a number of neuroendocrine changes that initially enhance survival. However, for skeletal muscle, the hormonal environment is such that accelerated catabolism predominates. The prevailing hypercortisolemia is exacerbated by a resistance to or decreased production of anabolic h...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00075197-199903000-00014
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite a large number of published randomized prospective controlled clinical trials the indications for perioperative parenteral and enteral nutrition support remain controversial. This article reviews the reports of several recently published consensus conference reports and prospective randomized controlled trials...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00075197-199801000-00009
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Fructose malabsorption is associated with gastrointestinal symptoms. This review examines new findings on the physiology, assessment and therapy of fructose malabsorption in functional gastrointestinal disorders. RECENT FINDINGS:Additional GLUT transport mechanisms that regulate fructose absorption m...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e328361c556
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The K vitamins, a group of napthoquinones, are required for the carboxylation of a limited number of proteins including the bone matrix protein osteocalcin. Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) and vitamin K2 (menaquinones), differ regarding food source (green vegetables and fermented products, respectively), bioavailability an...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00075197-200111000-00003
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To describe the evidences for and against the different nutritional and nonnutritional therapeutic approaches for severe alcoholic steatohepatitis, based on data from randomized controlled trials, in order to answer the question posed in the title: 'more of the same or something new?'. RECENT FINDING...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e32830b5d1e
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:There has been growing evidence that lifestyle factors may affect the health and lifespan of an individual by affecting telomere length. The purpose of this review was to highlight the importance of telomeres in human health and aging and to summarize possible lifestyle factors that may affect health ...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e32834121b1
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00