Abstract:
:A history of the early development of the confocal laser scanning microscope in the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge is presented. The rapid uptake of this technology is explained by the wide use of fluorescence in the 80s. The key innovations were the scanning of the light beam over the specimen rather than vice-versa and a high magnification at the level of the detector, allowing the use of a macroscopic iris. These were followed by an achromatic all-reflective relay system, a non-confocal transmission detector and novel software for control and basic image processing. This design was commercialized successfully and has been produced and developed over 17 years, surviving challenges from alternative technologies, including solid-state scanning systems. Lessons are pointed out from the unusual nature of the original funding and research environment. Attention is drawn to the slow adoption of the instrument in diagnostic medicine, despite promising applications.
journal_name
Biol Celljournal_title
Biology of the cellauthors
Amos WB,White JGdoi
10.1016/s0248-4900(03)00078-9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-09-01 00:00:00pages
335-42issue
6eissn
0248-4900issn
1768-322Xpii
S0248490003000789journal_volume
95pub_type
历史文章,杂志文章,评审abstract::cdc25 proteins are universally involved in the control of cell division. Using an original method of sequence analysis, cdc25 proteins from different sources were compared to protein phosphatases. Protein phosphatases could clearly be characterized as two distinct protein families, the phospho-seryl/threonyl phosphata...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0248-4900(92)90134-m
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arabinoxylans were localised by immunocytochemistry using polyclonal antibodies in the cell walls of the apical internode of maize after degradation in the rumen. In order to understand the significance of arabinoxylan in digestibility property, two lines of maize differing in digestibility were used. Wide variations ...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1768-322x.1996.tb00988.x
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::As a rule, chloride movement (JC1-) across amphibian skin is considered to be passive; this is implied in fact for preparations incubated in Ringer's fluid, since short-circuit current (Isc) is the quantitative expression of net, active sodium transport (JNa+). The nature of the Cl- pathway(s) was investigated by incu...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND INFORMATION:The BOR (branchio-oto-renal) syndrome is a dominant disorder most commonly caused by mutations in the EYA1 (Eyes Absent 1) gene. Symptoms commonly include deafness and renal anomalies. RESULTS:We have used the embryos of the frog Xenopus laevis as an animal model for early ear development to exa...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BC20090098
更新日期:2010-02-17 00:00:00
abstract::Revision of the reference map of the polytene chromosomes of Drosophila subobscura was started by means of the electron microscope. We present a map of regions 70B to 72D of the E chromosome obtained from squashed and thin-sectioned salivary glands. It was observed that the total number of bands in divisions 70B to 72...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1768-322x.1988.tb00750.x
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND INFORMATION:The rod outer segment (OS) is the specialised organelle where phototransduction takes place. Our previous proteomic and biochemical analyses on purified rod disks showed the functional expression of the respiratory chain complexes I-IV and F1 Fo -ATP synthase in OS disks, as well as active solubl...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/boc.201300003
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Structured mRNA elements called riboswitches control gene expression by binding to small metabolites. Over a dozen riboswitch classes have been characterized that target a broad range of molecules and vary widely in size and secondary structure. Four of the known riboswitch classes recognize purines or modified purine...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BC20070088
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND INFORMATION:The role of the jelly coat that surrounds the amphibian oocytes has been widely discussed, but is poorly understood. The presence of the jelly coat is essential for fertilization. However, the structure and function of the molecules that comprise the jelly coat have not been thoroughly documented...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BC20050051
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND INFORMATION:PrAO (primary amine oxidase), also known as SSAO (semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase)/VAP-1 (vascular adhesion protein-1), is an enzyme (EC 1.4.3.21) that is highly expressed in blood vessels and participates in many cell processes, including glucose handling or inflammatory leucocyte recruitm...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BC20110049
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infection with Mycobacterium ulcerans results in a necrotising skin disease known as a Buruli ulcer, the pathology of which is directly linked to the bacterial production of the toxin mycolactone. Recent studies have identified the protein translocation machinery of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane as the prima...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/boc.201800030
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were localized on semithin and ultrathin sections of Epon-embedded samples of perch gastric mucosa, classically fixed with aldehydes and osmium tetroxide. On semithin sections, somatostatin cells were identified by using the immunoperoxidase method. The ultrastructural localization of...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1768-322x.1985.tb00375.x
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND INFORMATION:TSPO (translocator protein), previously known as PBR (peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor), is a ubiquitous 18 kDa transmembrane protein that participates in diverse cell functions. High-affinity TSPO ligands are best known for their ability to stimulate cholesterol transport in organs synthe...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BC20070157
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background information. In vitro-cultured microspores, after an appropriate stress treatment, can switch towards an embryogenic pathway. This process, known as microspore embryogenesis, is an important tool in plant breeding. Basic studies on this process in economically interesting crops, especially in recalcitrant p...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BC20040142
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::PD (peritoneal dialysis) is an established mode of renal replacement therapy, based on the exchange of fluid and solutes between blood in peritoneal capillaries and a dialysate that has been introduced into the peritoneal cavity. The dialysis process involves diffusive and convective transports and osmosis through the...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BC20040132
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND INFORMATION:Substantial evidence indicates the existence of NCSCs (neural crest-derived stem cells) in embryonic mandibular processes; however, they have not been fully investigated or isolated. The aim of the present study was to isolate stem cells from mandibular process during embryonic development by MAC...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BC20060012
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study reports the synthesis of l-desamino-7-lysine- (fluorescein)-8-arginine-vasotocin (7-lys(flu) dAVT), and describes its biological activity in the isolated urinary bladder of the toad Bufo marinus. 7-lys(flu)dAVT was fully active in increasing bladder permeability to water. A half-maximal hydroosmotic respons...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multidrug-resistant (MDR) variants of a human osteosarcoma cell line (U-2 OS) have been recently obtained by continuous exposure to doxorubicin (DX). The growth and phenotypic characteristics of these cell lines have been demonstrated to be related to the level of expression of P-glycoprotein. In this work, the morpho...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0248-4900(96)89429-9
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human pancreatic ductal cells of the Capan 1 cell line differentiate progressively during growth. After the exponential growth phase, the cells elongate and become polarized with their apical poles covered by microvilli and separated from the basolateral pole by tight junctions. In this stationary phase, they form dom...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0248-4900(94)80004-9
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inside-out porcine thyroid follicles in culture undergo polarity reversal after being embedded in collagen gel. The newly-formed follicles reexpress some specific thyroid functions lost in inside-out follicles (Chambard et al., 1984. We present here an ultrastructural study of the inversion of polarity in this model s...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1768-322x.1986.tb00463.x
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND INFORMATION:Our previous studies have shown that calreticulin, a Ca2+-binding chaperone located in the endoplasmic reticulum, affects cell-substratum adhesions via the induction of vinculin and N-cadherin. Cells overexpressing calreticulin contain more vinculin than low expressers and make abundant contacts ...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BC20060105
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Netrins are secreted proteins that play a crucial role in neuronal migration and in axon guidance during the development of the nervous system. Netrin-1 has been shown to interact with the transmembrane receptors DCC and UNC5H and these receptors appeared of key importance in mediating the chemotropic activity of netr...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0248-4900(03)00072-8
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In cold-stressed oocytes of Pleurodeles waltl, lampbrush chromosome lateral loops exhibited important structural modifications which were visualized under light microscopy. Electron microscopy study revealed that the RNP particles associated with growing transcripts in the matrix of these loops were 15 nm at 8 degrees...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0248-4900(90)90340-9
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our recent data suggest that during auto- and allograft recognition in sponges (Porifera), cytokines are differentially expressed. Since the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction modulates the synthesis and release of cytokines, we intended to identify one key molecule of this pathway. Therefore,...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0248-4900(00)89017-6
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using gold labelled neoglycoproteins containing either alpha-D-glucose, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine, alpha-D-mannose, 6-phospho-alpha-D-mannose, and alpha-L-fucose (BSA), we investigated their intranuclear binding sites in the TG human cell line. Although gold-labelled BSA did not give any noticeable labelling, the pr...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1768-322x.1990.tb00007.x
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nucleolar lesions provoked by the action of ribonuclease (RNase) on living chick embryo fibroblasts were studied by means of microcinematographic analysis and at the ultrastructural level using oxidized diaminobenzidine as a differentially contrasting stain for nucleic acids. This study has shown that the inductio...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1768-322x.1984.tb00218.x
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND INFORMATION:In a previous study, we demonstrated that human neutrophils can develop membrane tubulovesicular extensions (TVEs) that are 160-250 nm in width and several micrometres long. These extensions, or cytonemes, are capable of establishing long-range contacts with other cells or bacteria. Cytonemes con...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/boc.201400063
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Changes in the organization of centrosomes in mouse splenic T lymphocytes stimulated by concanavalin A (con A) were examined by electron microscopy of serial sections. In both resting and stimulated lymphocytes the single centrosome consists of a pair of centrioles, satellite bodies, and pericentriolar material. In re...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1768-322x.1985.tb00332.x
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND INFORMATION:αvβ5 integrin and Mer tyrosine kinase (MerTK) receptors reside at the apical surface of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in the eye to promote the diurnal, synchronised phagocytosis of shed photoreceptor outer segment fragments (POS) that is critical for vision. Phagocytosis assays studying R...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/boc.201100076
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND INFORMATION:At fertilization in mammalian eggs, the sperm induces a series of Ca(2+) oscillations via the production of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. Increased inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate production appears to be triggered by a sperm-derived PLCzeta (phospholipase C-zeta) that enters the egg after gamete fu...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BC20080033
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND INFORMATION:Cortactin contributes to growth cone morphogenesis by forming with dynamin, ring-shaped complexes that mechanically bundle and stabilise F-actin. However, the regulatory mechanism of cortactin action is poorly understood. RESULTS:Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that protein kinase C (PKC)...
journal_title:Biology of the cell
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/boc.201500032
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00