Age-related changes in kynurenic acid production in rat brain.

Abstract:

:Two separate in vitro assays were used to examine the biosynthesis of the broad spectrum excitatory amino acid receptor antagonist kynurenic acid (KYNA) during the life span of the adult rat. Assessment of KYNA's anabolic enzyme kynurenine aminotransferase revealed steady increases between 3 and 24 months of age in all five brain regions examined. No changes were observed in the liver. The changes were particularly pronounced in the cortex and in the striatum where enzyme activity increased three-fold during the period studied. KYNA production from its bioprecursor L-kynurenine was also investigated in tissue slices and was found to be significantly enhanced in the cortex and hippocampus of old animals. The effect of depolarizing agents or sodium replacement was virtually identical in tissues from young and old rats. These data, which are in excellent agreement with reports on an age-dependent increase of KYNA concentration in brain tissue, suggest an enhanced KYNA tone in the aged brain. Together with the reported decline in cerebral excitatory amino acid receptor densities with age, increased production of KYNA may play a role in cognitive and memory dysfunction in old animals.

journal_name

Brain Res

journal_title

Brain research

authors

Gramsbergen JB,Schmidt W,Turski WA,Schwarcz R

doi

10.1016/0006-8993(92)91337-e

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1992-08-14 00:00:00

pages

1-5

issue

1

eissn

0006-8993

issn

1872-6240

pii

0006-8993(92)91337-E

journal_volume

588

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Excitatory amino acid receptor regulation after subthalamic nucleus lesions in the rat.

    abstract::The subthalamic nucleus plays a pivotal role in the regulation of basal ganglia output. Recent electrophysiologic, lesion and immunocytochemical studies suggest that the subthalamic nucleus uses an excitatory amino acid as a neurotransmitter. After complete ablation of the subthalamic nucleus, we have examined the NMD...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)90257-n

    authors: Price RH Jr,Hollingsworth Z,Young AB,Penney JB Jr

    更新日期:1993-01-29 00:00:00

  • Brain neuropeptide Y in the control of adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion in the dog.

    abstract::An immunoneutralization technique with specific antibodies was used to explore the role of endogenous neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) release after hypoglycemic stress in the dog. Dogs received injections of rabbit antihuman NPY gamma-globulin (anti-NPY) or normal gamma-globulin (NGG) in...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0006-8993(90)91369-r

    authors: Inui A,Inoue T,Nakajima M,Okita M,Sakatani N,Okimura Y,Chihara K,Baba S

    更新日期:1990-03-05 00:00:00

  • Changes in amino acid influx with Na flow in incubated slices of mouse brain.

    abstract::The uptake of amino acids into slices of adult and newborn mouse brain was studied in relation to Na+ flow. (1) The level of Na+ and K+ incubated slices of brain depends on the ionic composition of the incubation medium. The intracellular levels of Na+ in adult tissue are below, in fetal tissue above, Na+ levels in th...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0006-8993(75)90763-5

    authors: Lajtha A,Sershen H

    更新日期:1975-02-14 00:00:00

  • Prostaglandin E2 may induce hyperthermia through EP1 receptor in the anterior wall of the third ventricle and neighboring preoptic regions.

    abstract::We have previously reported that intracerebroventricular injection of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) induces hyperthermia possibly through EP1 receptors in the rat. In the present study, to determine the sites in the brain where PGE2 induces hyperthermia through EP1 receptors, we microinjected an EP1 receptor agonist, 17-phe...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(97)00562-3

    authors: Oka K,Oka T,Hori T

    更新日期:1997-08-29 00:00:00

  • Heterosynaptic stimulation modulates the duration of post-tetanic potentiation at an Aplysia synapse without affecting other aspects of synaptic transmission.

    abstract::Repetitive stimulation of an axon in the right visceropleural connective to the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia californica produces post-tetanic potentiation (PTP) of a unitary monosynaptic EPSP recorded from cell R15. PTP decays within one half hour following cessation of repatitive stimulation. Stimulation of the lef...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0006-8993(80)91262-7

    authors: Newlin SA,Schlapfer WT,Barondes SH

    更新日期:1980-01-06 00:00:00

  • Antagonism of the baroreceptor reflex by glutamate diethyl ester, an antagonist to L-glutamate.

    abstract::Recent reports have suggested that the excitatory amino acid L-glutamate is a neurotransmitter released by baroreceptor afferent nerves at their termination in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS). In this study we have examined the effect on arterial pressure, heart rate and baroreflex activity of the glutamate antago...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0006-8993(81)90198-0

    authors: Talman WT,Perrone MH,Scher P,Kwo S,Reis DJ

    更新日期:1981-07-27 00:00:00

  • Word and deed: a computational model of instruction following.

    abstract::Instructions are an inextricable, yet poorly understood aspect of modern human life. In this paper we propose that instruction implementation and following can be understood as fast Hebbian learning in prefrontal cortex, which trains slower pathways (e.g., cortical-basal ganglia pathways). We present a computational m...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2011.12.025

    authors: Ramamoorthy A,Verguts T

    更新日期:2012-02-23 00:00:00

  • Blood-brain and blood-spinal cord barrier permeability during the course of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the rat.

    abstract::Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in young male Lewis rats. Blood-brain barrier permeability to radiotracers of different molecular sizes was studied at intervals after induction using a tissue sampling technique. The results were correlated to the clinical picture and to the histological appea...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0006-8993(84)90249-x

    authors: Juhler M,Barry DI,Offner H,Konat G,Klinken L,Paulson OB

    更新日期:1984-06-08 00:00:00

  • LHRH systems in brain of platyfish.

    abstract::The luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) system of the platyfish Xiphophorus has been studied using immunohistochemistry and retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Three different populations of LHRH-positive cell bodies are present in the brain, one in the ventral telencephalon at the border to...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0006-8993(81)91059-3

    authors: Münz H,Stumpf WE,Jennes L

    更新日期:1981-09-21 00:00:00

  • beta-Endorphin plasma levels during neuromuscular blockade in unanesthetized cat.

    abstract::Plasma concentrations of beta-endorphin were measured by radioimmunoassay in cats prepared chronically for sleep-waking polygraphic recordings and blood collection. beta-Endorphin (beta-END) levels were found to be stable in baseline conditions and were used as an index of stress. After habituation of each cat to expe...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0006-8993(83)91207-6

    authors: Foutz AS,Dauthier C,Kerdelhué B

    更新日期:1983-03-14 00:00:00

  • Fine structure of GABAergic neurons and synapses in the human dentate gyrus.

    abstract::Surgical tissue samples of the human dentate gyrus were immunostained for glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-synthesizing enzyme, and studied by both light and electron microscopy. Immunoreactive neurons and terminals displayed similar morphological characteristics as known from studies ...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0006-8993(87)91181-4

    authors: Schlander M,Thomalske G,Frotscher M

    更新日期:1987-01-13 00:00:00

  • Roles of brain angiotensins II and III in thirst and sodium appetite.

    abstract::The current study examined the effects of intracerebroventricular (icv) infused aminopeptidase-resistant analogs of angiotensin II (AngII) and angiotensin III (AngIII) on thirst and sodium appetite. The analogs, [D-Asp1D-Arg2]AngII and [D-Arg1]AngIII, were further protected from degradation by pretreatment with the am...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2005.08.032

    authors: Wilson WL,Roques BP,Llorens-Cortes C,Speth RC,Harding JW,Wright JW

    更新日期:2005-10-26 00:00:00

  • Neurotransmitter localization in the skate retina.

    abstract::The retina of the skate (Raja clavata, R. radiata and R. oscellata) was studied by autoradiography following intraocular injections or incubations with [3H]GABA, [3H]isoguvacine, [3H]glycine, [3H]dopamine or [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine. Fluorescence immunohistochemistry was also used to demonstrate the endogenous content,...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0006-8993(84)90972-7

    authors: Bruun A,Ehinger B,Sytsma VM

    更新日期:1984-03-19 00:00:00

  • High fat/refined carbohydrate diet enhances the susceptibility to spatial learning deficits in rats exposed to intermittent hypoxia.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Intermittent hypoxia during sleep (IH), as occurs in sleep disordered breathing (SDB), induces spatial learning deficits associated with regulation of transcription factors associated with learning and memory in the hippocampal CA1 region in rats. high fat refined carbohydrate diet (HF/RC) can induce similar...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2006.03.046

    authors: Goldbart AD,Row BW,Kheirandish-Gozal L,Cheng Y,Brittian KR,Gozal D

    更新日期:2006-05-23 00:00:00

  • Adaptive plasticity in the primate spinal stretch reflex: reversal and re-development.

    abstract::Monkeys can gradually increase or decrease the amplitude of the segmentally mediated spinal stretch reflex (SSR) without change in initial muscle length or background EMG activity. Both increase (under the SSR increases mode) and decrease (under the SSR decreases mode) occur slowly, progressing steadily over weeks. Th...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0006-8993(83)90259-7

    authors: Wolpaw JR

    更新日期:1983-11-14 00:00:00

  • Developmental changes in taste responses from glossopharyngeal nerve in sheep and comparisons with chorda tympani responses.

    abstract::To learn whether there are developmental changes in salt and acid taste responses from the posterior tongue, we recorded from the glossopharyngeal nerve, which innervates taste buds in circumvallate papillae, in sheep fetuses, lambs and adults. Multifiber responses to NH4Cl, KCl, NaCl, LiCl, citric and hydrochloric ac...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0165-3806(83)90205-5

    authors: Mistretta CM,Bradley RM

    更新日期:1983-12-01 00:00:00

  • Effects of rimonabant, a selective cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist, in a rat model of Parkinson's disease.

    abstract::Recent evidence suggest that the blockade of cannabinoid CB1 receptors might be beneficial to alleviate motor inhibition typical of Parkinson's disease (PD). In the present study, we have explored the motor effects of rimonabant, a selective antagonist of CB1 receptors, in a rat model of PD generated by an intracerebr...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2005.12.014

    authors: González S,Scorticati C,García-Arencibia M,de Miguel R,Ramos JA,Fernández-Ruiz J

    更新日期:2006-02-16 00:00:00

  • Autonomic nerves, mast cells, and amine receptors in human brain vessels. A histochemical and pharmacological study.

    abstract::The studies were performed on operation material from 17- to 63-year-old patients and on fetuses at 19-23 weeks gestational age. Formaldehyde histofluorescence showed the presence of numerous perivascular adrenergic nerves around pial and intracerebral vessels, the carotid system being better supplied than the vertebr...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0006-8993(76)90356-5

    authors: Edvinsson L,Owman C,Sjöberg NO

    更新日期:1976-10-22 00:00:00

  • Dopamine receptor-mediated inhibition of serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity in retina.

    abstract::The possible involvement of catecholamines in the regulation of serotonin N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity in retina of the African clawed frog was investigated using an in vitro eye cup preparation. Dopamine (10 microM) and norepinephrine (50 microM) had no significant effect on NAT activity of eye cups incubated i...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0006-8993(86)90525-1

    authors: Iuvone PM,Besharse JC

    更新日期:1986-03-26 00:00:00

  • Guanine and adenine nucleotidase activities in rat cerebrospinal fluid.

    abstract::Adenine and guanine nucleotides have been shown to exert multiple roles in central and peripheral nervous systems, and the sequential breakdown of these nucleotides by enzymatic systems is an important step in the modulation of their extracellular effects. The aim of this study was to investigate whether nucleotide hy...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(02)02987-6

    authors: Cruz Portela LV,Oses JP,Silveira AL,Schmidt AP,Lara DR,Oliveira Battastini AM,Ramirez G,Vinadé L,Freitas Sarkis JJ,Souza DO

    更新日期:2002-09-20 00:00:00

  • Conductance changes and inhibitory actions of hippocampal recurrent IPSPs.

    abstract::Intracellular recordings were obtained from CA1 pyramidal neurons in obliquely cut in vitro hippocampal slices. Recurrent IPSPs were elicited by antidromic stimulation of alvear fibers. The mechanisms by which IPSPs depress pyramidal cell excitability were investigated. Recurrent IPSPs could be reversed in sign by sma...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0006-8993(80)91068-9

    authors: Dingledine R,Langmoen IA

    更新日期:1980-03-10 00:00:00

  • Cortical and hippocampal EEG effects of neurotransmitter agonists in spontaneously hypertensive vs. kainate-treated rats.

    abstract::To analyze mediatory mechanisms underlying attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their association with epilepsy, the electroencephalogram (EEG) responses to various centrally applied neurotransmitter agonists were studied in spontaneously hypertensive (SH), kainate-treated (KA), and normotensive (contro...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2011.01.107

    authors: Vorobyov V,Schibaev N,Kaptsov V,Kovalev G,Sengpiel F

    更新日期:2011-04-06 00:00:00

  • Intracellular plasma proteins in human fetal choroid plexus during development. II. The distribution of prealbumin, albumin, alpha-fetoprotein, transferrin, IgG, IgA, IgM, and alpha 1-antitrypsin.

    abstract::Individual choroid plexuses of human fetal brain at different developmental stages were investigated by an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. The number and distribution of prealbumin-, albumin-, alpha-fetoprotein-, transferrin-, IgG-, IgA-, IgM- and alpha 1-antitrypsin-containing choroid plexus epithelial cells wer...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0165-3806(82)90025-6

    authors: Jacobsen M,Jacobsen GK,Clausen PP,Saunders NR,Møllgård K

    更新日期:1982-02-01 00:00:00

  • Carrier-mediated processes in blood--brain barrier penetration and neural uptake of paraquat.

    abstract::Due to the structural similarity to N-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium (MPP(+)), paraquat might induce dopaminergic toxicity in the brain. However, its blood--brain barrier (BBB) penetration has not been well documented. We studied the manner of BBB penetration and neural cell uptake of paraquat using a brain microdialysis ...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(01)02577-x

    authors: Shimizu K,Ohtaki K,Matsubara K,Aoyama K,Uezono T,Saito O,Suno M,Ogawa K,Hayase N,Kimura K,Shiono H

    更新日期:2001-07-06 00:00:00

  • Stress-induced tolerance to delta receptor agonist DPDPE and selectivity of the irreversible delta-ligand, DALCE.

    abstract::Experiments were conducted to (1) provide further evidence of the selectivity of [D-Ala2,Leu5,Cys6]enkephalin (DALCE) as an antagonist of delta (delta) receptor ligands and (2) use DALCE as a tool to explore the possible role of delta receptors in restraint stress. Dose- and time-response curves were generated for the...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0006-8993(90)90545-m

    authors: Calcagnetti DJ,Bowen WD,Holtzman SG

    更新日期:1990-02-19 00:00:00

  • Membrane contact regulates transmitter phenotypic expression.

    abstract::High cell density, with attendant aggregation, selectively increases expression of substance P (SP) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in virtually pure neonatal sympathetic neuronal cultures. To investigate the specific role of cell contact in selective transmitter expression, SP content and ChAT activity were exam...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(86)80202-5

    authors: Adler JE,Black IB

    更新日期:1986-12-01 00:00:00

  • Mechanism of the cardiovascular effects of GABAB receptor activation in the nucleus tractus solitarii of the rat.

    abstract::The effects of baclofen microinjected into the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) on blood pressure, heart rate and baroreflex bradycardia were studied in urethane-anesthetized rats. Baclofen caused dose-dependent pressor and tachycardic effects and inhibited the reflex bradycardia elicited by i.v. phenylephrine. The eff...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0006-8993(90)91609-k

    authors: Florentino A,Varga K,Kunos G

    更新日期:1990-12-10 00:00:00

  • Changes in premovement activity in primary somatosensory cortex differ when monkeys make hand movements in response to visual vs vibratory cues.

    abstract::Rhesus monkeys were taught to make identical wrist flexion and extension movements in response to either a visual cue or to vibratory cues. Changes in firing rates that were not stimulus-associated but preceded the movements were measured for each primary somatosensory cortical neuron recorded under the two stimulus c...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0006-8993(89)90346-6

    authors: Nelson RJ,Douglas VD

    更新日期:1989-04-10 00:00:00

  • The reflex responses of single motor units in human lower lip muscles to mechanical stimulation.

    abstract::Single motor unit activity was recorded from human lower lip muscles while subjects maintained a firing rate of 20 ips using audio and visual feedback. Each motor unit was classified as belonging to one of three muscles, orbicularis oris inferior (OOI), mentalis (MENT), or depressor labii inferior (DLI). Reflex respon...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0006-8993(82)91274-4

    authors: McClean MD,Smith A

    更新日期:1982-11-11 00:00:00

  • Intracerebroventricularly infused [D-Arg1]angiotensin III, is superior to [D-Asp1]angiotensin II, as a pressor agent in rats.

    abstract::Two D-amino acid substitution angiotensin analogues were compared against native angiotensin II (AII) and angiotensin III (AIII) for their resistance to brain tissue-induced degradation and for pressor potency when intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) infused in Sprague-Dawley rats. The in vitro results indicate that [D...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0006-8993(90)90428-e

    authors: Wright JW,Roberts KA,Cook VI,Murray CE,Sardinia MF,Harding JW

    更新日期:1990-04-23 00:00:00