Antidepressants for smoking cessation.

abstract：BACKGROUND:Asthma and gastro-oesophageal reflux are both common medical conditions and often co-exist. Studies have shown conflicting results concerning the effects of lower oesophageal acidification as a trigger of asthma. Furthermore, asthma might precipitate gastro-oesophageal reflux. Thus a temporal association bet...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Gibson PG,Henry RL,Coughlan JL

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Extracranial internal carotid artery dissection can lead to occlusion of the artery and hence cause an ischaemic stroke. It is the underlying stroke mechanism in approximately 2.5% of all strokes. It is the second leading cause of stroke in patients younger than 45 years of age. Anticoagulants or antiplatele...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Lyrer P,Engelter S

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Khanna P,Komossa K,Rummel-Kluge C,Hunger H,Schwarz S,El-Sayeh HG,Leucht S

更新日期：2013-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a liver disorder that can develop in pregnancy. It occurs when there is a build-up of bile acids in the maternal blood. It has been linked to adverse maternal and fetal/neonatal outcomes. As the pathophysiology is poorly understood, therapies have been largely e...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Walker KF,Chappell LC,Hague WM,Middleton P,Thornton JG

更新日期：2020-07-27 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive inherited haemoglobinopathy which causes painful vaso-occlusive crises due to sickle red blood cell dehydration. Vaso-occlusive crises are common painful events responsible for a variety of clinical complications; overall mortality is increased and life expectanc...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Than NN,Soe HHK,Palaniappan SK,Abas AB,De Franceschi L

更新日期：2017-04-14 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a directive patient-centred style of counselling, designed to help people to explore and resolve ambivalence about behaviour change. It was developed as a treatment for alcohol abuse, but may help people to a make a successful attempt to quit smoking. OBJECTIVES:To determin...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Lindson-Hawley N,Thompson TP,Begh R

更新日期：2015-03-02 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Early childhood vaccination is an essential global public health practice that saves two to three million lives each year, but many children do not receive all the recommended vaccines. To achieve and maintain appropriate coverage rates, vaccination programmes rely on people having sufficient awareness and a...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Kaufman J,Ryan R,Walsh L,Horey D,Leask J,Robinson P,Hill S

更新日期：2018-05-08 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Depressive illness in older people causes significant suffering and health service utilisation. Relapse and recurrence rates are high. OBJECTIVES:To examine the efficacy of antidepressants and psychological therapies in preventing the relapse and recurrence of depression in older people. SEARCH METHODS:Sea...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Wilkinson P,Izmeth Z

更新日期：2012-11-14 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:A varicoceles is a meshwork of distended blood vessels in the scrotum, usually left-sided, due to dilatation of the spermatic vein. Although the concept that varicoceles causes, and varicocelectomy cures, male subfertility has been around for almost fifty years, the mechanisms by which varicoceles would affe...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Evers JH,Collins J,Clarke J

更新日期：2009-01-21 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Fractures of the shaft of the humerus account for 1% to 3% of all fractures in adults. The management of these fractures, including surgical intervention, varies widely. OBJECTIVES:To assess and compare the effects of surgical versus non-surgical intervention for non-pathological fractures of the humeral sh...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Gosler MW,Testroote M,Morrenhof JW,Janzing HM

更新日期：2012-01-18 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Radiofrequency (RF) denervation, an invasive treatment for chronic low back pain (CLBP), is used most often for pain suspected to arise from facet joints, sacroiliac (SI) joints or discs. Many (uncontrolled) studies have shown substantial variation in its use between countries and continued uncertainty regar...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Maas ET,Ostelo RW,Niemisto L,Jousimaa J,Hurri H,Malmivaara A,van Tulder MW

更新日期：2015-10-23 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Dornase alfa is currently used as a mucolytic to treat pulmonary disease (the major cause of morbidity and mortality) in cystic fibrosis. It reduces mucus viscosity in the lungs, promoting improved clearance of secretions. This is an update of a previously published review. OBJECTIVES:To determine whether t...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Yang C,Montgomery M

更新日期：2018-09-06 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Antiretroviral drugs (ARV) reduce viral replication and can reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV either by lowing plasma viral load in pregnant women or through post-exposure prophylaxis in their newborns. In rich countries, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has reduced the vertical transmis...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Volmink J,Siegfried NL,van der Merwe L,Brocklehurst P

更新日期：2007-01-24 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Both long-acting beta(2)-agonists and inhaled corticosteroids have been recommended in guidelines for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Their co-administration in a combined inhaler is intended to facilitate adherence to medication regimens and to improve efficacy. Three preparat...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Nannini LJ,Poole P,Milan SJ,Kesterton A

更新日期：2013-08-30 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Resilience can be defined as the maintenance or quick recovery of mental health during or after periods of stressor exposure, which may result from a potentially traumatising event, challenging life circumstances, a critical life transition phase, or physical illness. Healthcare professionals, such as nurses...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Kunzler AM,Helmreich I,Chmitorz A,König J,Binder H,Wessa M,Lieb K

更新日期：2020-07-05 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Hepatic encephalopathy is a common complication of cirrhosis, with high related morbidity and mortality. Its presence is associated with a wide spectrum of change ranging from clinically obvious neuropsychiatric features, known as 'overt' hepatic encephalopathy, to abnormalities manifest only on psychometric...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Zacharias HD,Zacharias AP,Gluud LL,Morgan MY

更新日期：2019-06-17 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Anaemia affects about a quarter of the world's population. An estimated 50% of anaemic people have anaemia due to iron deficiency. OBJECTIVES:To assess the safety and efficacy of iron therapies for the treatment of adults with anaemia who are not pregnant or lactating and do not have chronic kidney disease....

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Gurusamy KS,Nagendran M,Broadhurst JF,Anker SD,Richards T

更新日期：2014-12-31 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Cervical spondylosis causes pain and disability by compressing the spinal cord or roots. Surgery to relieve the compression may reduce the pain and disability, but is associated with a small but definite risk. . OBJECTIVES:To determine whether: 1) surgical treatment of cervical radiculopathy or myelopathy i...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Nikolaidis I,Fouyas IP,Sandercock PA,Statham PF

更新日期：2010-01-20 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Lateral and posterior position of the baby's head (the back of the baby's head facing to the mother's side or back) may be associated with more painful, prolonged or obstructed labour and difficult delivery. It is possible that certain positions adopted by the mother may influence the baby's position. OBJEC...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Hunter S,Hofmeyr GJ,Kulier R

更新日期：2007-10-17 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Uncontrolled bleeding is an important cause of death in trauma victims. Antifibrinolytic treatment has been shown to reduce blood loss following surgery and may also be effective in reducing blood loss following trauma. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effect of antifibrinolytic drugs in patients with acute traumat...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Ker K,Roberts I,Shakur H,Coats TJ

更新日期：2015-05-09 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Leg ulcers are open skin wounds that occur between the ankle and the knee that can last weeks, months or even years and are a consequence of arterial or venous valvular insufficiency. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is a technology that is currently used widely in wound care and is promoted for use on...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Dumville JC,Land L,Evans D,Peinemann F

更新日期：2015-07-14 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:There are no clearly effective treatments for the cough of acute bronchitis, and beta2-agonists are often prescribed, perhaps because clinicians suspect many patients also have reversible airflow restriction contributing to the symptoms. OBJECTIVES:To determine whether beta2-agonists improve symptoms of acu...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Smucny J,Becker L,Glazier R

更新日期：2006-10-18 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:A possible therapeutic effect of diagnostic tubal patency testing has been debated in the literature for half a century. Further debate surrounds whether oil-soluble or water-soluble contrast media might have the bigger fertility-enhancing effect. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the effect of flushing a woman's fall...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Luttjeboer F,Harada T,Hughes E,Johnson N,Lilford R,Mol BW

更新日期：2007-07-18 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:As medical care becomes more complex and the ability to test for conditions grows, pressure on healthcare providers to convey increasing volumes of test results to patients is driving investigation of alternative technological solutions for their delivery. This review addresses the use of email for communica...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Meyer B,Atherton H,Sawmynaden P,Car J

更新日期：2012-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Proponents of therapeutic ultrasound suggest it can decrease pain by resolution of inflammation processes and reducing the pressure on pain sensitive structures by haematoma and oedema. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this review was to assess the effects of therapeutic ultrasound for treating acute perineal pa...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Hay-Smith EJ

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Testing for carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) in the blood is a recommended part of follow-up to detect recurrence of colorectal cancer following primary curative treatment. There is substantial clinical variation in the cut-off level applied to trigger further investigation. OBJECTIVES:To determine the diagn...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Nicholson BD,Shinkins B,Pathiraja I,Roberts NW,James TJ,Mallett S,Perera R,Primrose JN,Mant D

更新日期：2015-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Uterine fibroids cause heavy prolonged bleeding, pain, pressure symptoms and subfertility. The traditional method of treatment has been surgery as medical therapies have not proven effective. Uterine artery embolization has been reported to be an effective and safe alternative to treat fibroids in women not ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Gupta JK,Sinha A,Lumsden MA,Hickey M

更新日期：2014-12-26 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) is an extremely common and usually self-limiting condition in infants. When treatment is required, Cisapride, a pro-kinetic agent, has been commonly prescribed for the symptomatic management of GOR. There have been recent reports of possibly serious adverse events, e.g. an inc...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Augood C,MacLennan S,Gilbert R,Logan S

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Approximately 50% of people with myasthenia gravis present with purely ocular symptoms, so called ocular myasthenia. Of these between 50% to 60% develop generalized disease, most within two years. Their management is controversial. This is an update of a review first published in 2006 and previously updated ...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Benatar M,Kaminski H

更新日期：2012-12-12 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Concerns regarding the safety of transfused blood have led to the development of a range of interventions to minimise blood loss during major surgery. Anti-fibrinolytic drugs are widely used, particularly in cardiac surgery and previous reviews have found them to be effective in reducing blood loss and the n...

journal_title：The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors： Henry DA,Carless PA,Moxey AJ,O'Connell D,Stokes BJ,McClelland B,Laupacis A,Fergusson D

更新日期：2007-10-17 00:00:00