Abstract:
:Numerous studies have shown the importance of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system in the pathophysiology of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. However, there has been inconsistency in the findings of those studies. Varied and sometimes contradictory interpretation has been made on the basis of similar results. It is, therefore, still unclear whether the dopaminergic system is hypo- or hyperfunctioning in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The majority of the functional brain imaging studies in both clinical and experimental settings support hypofunction of the basal ganglia which receive abundant dopaminergic afferent. The experimental studies, using dopamine-depleted animals, also support the hypodopaminergic hypothesis, whereas recent studies with the dopamine transporter knockout/knockdown mouse suggest hyperdopaminergic function as the underlying abnormality. In this review we attempt to clarify the issues raised by previous neuroimaging and functional neuroimaging studies. Research involving animal models with genetic traits, genetic manipulation or with brain lesions is analysed, concentrating on the significance of the dopaminergic system in the abnormal behavior of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. In addition, the functional state of the dopaminergic system is considered through the speculated mechanism of psychostimulant therapy of the disorder. No final conclusions have been reached regarding the pathological, biochemical and physiological mechanisms responsible for various symptoms. Inconsistency in the findings and their interpretations may indicate the heterogeneity of the pathogenesis of this syndrome.
journal_name
Congenit Anom (Kyoto)journal_title
Congenital anomaliesauthors
Ohno Mdoi
10.1111/j.1741-4520.2003.tb01035.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-06-01 00:00:00pages
114-22issue
2eissn
0914-3505issn
1741-4520journal_volume
43pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Cerebro-costo-mandibular syndrome (CCMS) is a very rare syndrome characterized by micrognathia and posterior rib gap, with a poor prognosis. To date, only 75 cases have been reported worldwide. The overall survival rate for patients with this disorder has not been reported, and a classification of the patients on the ...
journal_title:Congenital anomalies
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1741-4520.2010.00281.x
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::An early second-trimester prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of an arthrogryposis multiplex congenita-like syndrome associated with median clefts is reported. A molecular biological work-up was performed to search for a potentially overlapping syndrome and dysostosis. Autopsy and postmortem radiogram were performed to conf...
journal_title:Congenital anomalies
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1741-4520.2012.00388.x
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abstract::The most common form of male infertility is a low sperm count, known as oligozoospermia. Studies suggest that oligozoospermia is associated with epigenetic alterations. Epigenetic alterations in sperm, which may arise due to the exposure of gametes to environmental factors or those that pre-exist in the sperm of infer...
journal_title:Congenital anomalies
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/cga.12113
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) is a popular laboratory primate belonging to Old World monkeys, which are the group most closely related to humans except for the apes. This paper summarizes a series of our studies regarding the development of cerebral sulci and gyri in this primate, and the stated possibility ...
journal_title:Congenital anomalies
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1741-4520.2011.00352.x
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many of the effects of dioxins, which are potent environmental pollutants and teratogens, are mediated through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, also known as the dioxin receptor. The purpose of the present study was to characterize dioxin-responsive genes in a comprehensive manner using two complementary approaches: bio...
journal_title:Congenital anomalies
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1741-4520.2006.00116.x
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Semaphorins and their receptors, neuropilins and plexins, were initially characterized as a modulator of axonal guidance during development, but are now recognized as a regulator of a wide range of developmental events including morphogenesis and angiogenesis, and activities of the immune system. Owing to the developm...
journal_title:Congenital anomalies
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/cga.12095
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Familial cases of isolated abdominal wall defects with variable expressivity in more than one generation have rarely been observed. We report four affected individuals within a small three-generation family with either variable non-syndromic abdominal wall defects or external genital anomalies. We discuss the possible...
journal_title:Congenital anomalies
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1741-4520.2010.00291.x
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The "Kyoto Collection of Human Embryos" at Kyoto University was begun in 1961. Although morphological analyses of samples in the Kyoto Collection have been performed, these embryos have been considered difficult to genetically analyze because they have been preserved in formalin or Bouin's solution for 20-50 years. Ow...
journal_title:Congenital anomalies
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/cga.12148
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microdeletion of 2q31 involving the HOXD gene cluster is a rare syndrome. The deletion of the HOXD gene cluster is thought to result in skeletal anomalies in these patients. HOX genes encode highly conserved transcription factors that control cell fate and the regional identities along the primary body and limb axes. ...
journal_title:Congenital anomalies
pub_type:
doi:10.1111/cga.12212
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is known that neural tube defects are folic acid preventable congenital anomalies. We investigated to what extent this information was disseminated among laywomen and healthcare providers. Questionnaire studies were conducted twice, in 2002 and 2007, for four groups of laywomen and seven groups of healthcare provid...
journal_title:Congenital anomalies
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1741-4520.2009.00232.x
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Historical control data on rodent developmental toxicity studies, performed between 1994 and 2010, were obtained from 19 laboratories in Japan, including 10 pharmaceutical and chemical companies and nine contract research organizations. Rats, mice, and hamsters were used for developmental toxicity studies. Data includ...
journal_title:Congenital anomalies
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1111/cga.12050
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Craniofrontonasal syndrome (CFNS) is characterized by craniosynostosis, hypertelorism, a broad nasal tip and occasionally cleft lip and palate, and is caused by a mutation in the ephrin-B1 gene (EFNB1). The study of naturally occurring human EFNB1 mutations offers a unique opportunity to better define the critical por...
journal_title:Congenital anomalies
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1741-4520.2006.00140.x
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The time of origin of motor neurons and their distribution in the spinal cord was studied in rat embryos by combining whole-embryo culture and the Islet-1 immunostaining technique. Cells immunostained for Islet-1 appeared in the trunk neural tube by 27 hours (corresponding to E10.625) in culture of E9.5 embryos, at wh...
journal_title:Congenital anomalies
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1741-4520.2002.tb00862.x
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Even though from preclinical testing to drug risk labeling, the situation with drugs in pregnancy has improved substantially since the thalidomide scandal, there is still an increasing need to provide healthcare professionals and patients with updated individualized risk information for clinical decision making. For t...
journal_title:Congenital anomalies
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1741-4520.2010.00308.x
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Müllerian duct anomalies are infrequently encountered clinical problems and often present with difficulty in diagnosis. A high level of suspicion is the key to diagnosis, which is usually made soon after menarche. However, this is the first reported case of uterus didelphys with obstructed hemivagina and pyocolpos wit...
journal_title:Congenital anomalies
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1741-4520.2008.00195.x
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Omphalocele-exstrophy of the bladder (cloaca)-imperforate anus-spinal defects (OEIS) complex describes a rare grouping of more commonly occurring component malformations. We report two cases of OEIS complex diagnosed prenatally by ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In both cases, OEIS complex was suspect...
journal_title:Congenital anomalies
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1741-4520.2011.00342.x
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the high cost and the long-term assessment of developmental toxicity testing in mammals, the vertebrate zebrafish has become a useful alternative model organism for high-throughput developmental toxicity testing. Zebrafish is also very favorable for the 3R perspective in toxicology; however, the methodologies use...
journal_title:Congenital anomalies
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/cga.12142
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Galectins are β-galactoside-binding lectins that participate in a wide range of biological processes. Galectins are distributed both inside and outside cells and are believed to have roles in both intra- and extracellular milieus. One of the well-recognized functions of galectins is stabilization of glycoproteins on t...
journal_title:Congenital anomalies
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/cga.12055
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Embryonic stem (ES) cells or induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are expected as a surrogate cell source for regenerative medicine. Many researchers have reported the differentiation method of insulin-expressing pancreatic β cells from ES or iPS cells. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the differe...
journal_title:Congenital anomalies
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1741-4520.2010.00307.x
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Molecular pathogenesis of human cerebral malformations is briefly reviewed from a neuropathologic viewpoint, with emphasis on holoprosencephaly and neuronal migration disorders. Immunopathologic approaches are useful in elucidating the essential pathomechanism of these anomalies. In alobar holoprosencephaly, for insta...
journal_title:Congenital anomalies
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1741-4520.2003.tb01023.x
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the abnormalities that are specific to administration of flucytosine at one time point during embryonic organogenesis, flucytosine was administered orally to pregnant Sprague Dawley (SD) rats in a single dose on day 11 of pregnancy at 25 or 35 mg/kg. Fetuses on day 20 of pregnancy were externally, visce...
journal_title:Congenital anomalies
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/cga.12282
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human genome harbors approximately 2000 genes that encode microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs of approximately 20-22 nt that mediate post-transcriptional gene silencing. MiRNAs are generated from long transcripts through stepwise processing by the Drosha/DGCR8, Exportin-5/RanGTP and Dicer/TRBP complexes. Giv...
journal_title:Congenital anomalies
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/cga.12043
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Non-invasive prenatal diagnostic methods posing no danger to the embryo have been desired for many years in the field of prenatal medicine. We are in the process of improving the lectin method that we developed for recovering fetus-derived nucleated red blood cells (NRBC) in the maternal peripheral blood. We previousl...
journal_title:Congenital anomalies
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1741-4520.2004.00040.x
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Certain studies previously pointed out that treating pregnant women with antidepressants may increase risks of congenital anomalies in their children. However, to date, the study results are not conclusive. Furthermore, most studies have been performed using data from Western countries; therefore, we examined this ass...
journal_title:Congenital anomalies
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/cga.12386
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a subtelomeric deletion syndrome affecting the short arm of chromosome 4. The main clinical features are a typical craniofacial appearance, growth deficiency, developmental delays, and seizures. Previous genotype-phenotype correlation analyses showed some candidate regions for each cl...
journal_title:Congenital anomalies
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/cga.12318
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In vitro fertilization (IVF) and other assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are effective treatments for infertility and are widely provided at infertility clinics. Although IVF and related ART procedures are generally considered safe, some studies have suggested an excess occurrence of major malformations, low bi...
journal_title:Congenital anomalies
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1741-4520.2005.00061.x
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT The heart is the first organ to form and function during development. In the pregastrula chick embryo, cells contributing to the heart are found in the postero-lateral epiblast. During the pregastrula stages, interaction between the posterior epiblast and hypoblast is required for the anterior lateral plate m...
journal_title:Congenital anomalies
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1741-4520.2005.00079.x
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The eye is a sensory organ that primarily captures light and provides the sense of sight, as well as delivering non-visual light information involving biological rhythms and neurophysiological activities to the brain. Since the early 1990s, rapid advances in molecular biology have enabled the identification of develop...
journal_title:Congenital anomalies
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/cga.12304
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is limited information on the specific structural birth defects associated with the abdominal wall defects (AWD) omphalocele and gastroschisis, particularly which defects occur with the AWD at greater than expected rates (rates among all infants and fetuses with birth defects other than the AWD). Using data from...
journal_title:Congenital anomalies
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1741-4520.2008.00184.x
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Choroid plexus, a fetal organ developing approximately from the sixth week of gestation, plays a fundamental role in developing fetal brain organization. As relatively little is known about the relationship between anomalies of choroid plexuses structure and their role in brain function, we examined cases of bifid cho...
journal_title:Congenital anomalies
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/cga.12006
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00