Allyl alcohol activation of protein kinase C delta leads to cytotoxicity of rat hepatocytes.

abstract：:2,5-Hexanedione (2,5-HD) is the neurotoxic gamma-diketone metabolite of the industrial solvent n-hexane. Substantial evidence indicates that 2,5-HD reacts with neurofilament protein lysine epsilon-amines to yield 2,5-dimethylpyrrole adducts and that this reaction is critical to the mechanism of toxicity. Alkylpyrroles...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Zhu M,Spink DC,Yan B,Bank S,DeCaprio AP

更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzo[a]pyrene, are widespread environmental carcinogens of human concern. Several enzymatic systems have been shown to activate benzo[a]pyrene 7, 8-dihydrodiol, the proximate carcinogenic metabolite of benzo[a]pyrene, to a reactive species which produces both a chemiluminesce...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Stansbury KH,Noll DM,Groopman JD,Trush MA

更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The efficacy of DNA-damaging anticancer drugs is highly influenced by cellular DNA repair capacity, and by inhibiting the relevant DNA repair pathway, efficacy of alkylating agents may be increased. Therefore, combining DNA repair inhibitors with anticancer agents that selectively target tumor tissue should improve ca...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： van Midwoud PM,Sturla SJ

更新日期：2013-11-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are produced during infection and inflammation, and the effects of these agents on proteins, DNA, and lipids are well recognized. In contrast, the effects of RNS damaged metabolites are less appreciated. 5-Amino-3-β-(d-ribofuranosyl)-3 H-imidazo-[4,5- d][1,3]oxazine-7-one (oxanosine) an...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Yu R,Kim Y,Maltseva N,Braunstein P,Joachimiak A,Hedstrom L

更新日期：2019-03-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Flucloxacillin, an isoxazolyl-penicillin, causes cholestasis and biliary epithelium injury. The aim of the study was to determine whether flucloxacillin, either directly or through metabolite formation, may induce cytotoxicity in hepatic or biliary cells. Cytotoxicity was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase release in p...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Lakehal F,Dansette PM,Becquemont L,Lasnier E,Delelo R,Balladur P,Poupon R,Beaune PH,Housset C

更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Four novel cadmium-chelating agents N,N'di(D-glucosyl)alkanediamine-N,N'-bis(carbodithioates) 4a-e were prepared as disodium salts of the general formula (CH2)n[N(CS2Na)CH2(CHOH)4CH2OH]2, where n = 7, 8, 10, and 12. They were synthesized by the reductive coupling of 2 mol of alpha-D-(+)-glucose (1) with 1 mol of the c...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Singh PK,Jones MM,Kostial K,Blanusa M,Piasek M

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cytotoxicity of Al(2)O(3) nanoparticles (NP) at very low exposure levels (1 μg/mL and less) to a dominant bacterial isolate from freshwater (lake water), Bacillus licheniformis, was examined. Sterile lake water was directly used as a test medium or matrix to simulate the freshwater environment. Exposure to 1 μg/mL...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Pakrashi S,Dalai S,Sabat D,Singh S,Chandrasekaran N,Mukherjee A

更新日期：2011-11-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein-xenobiotic adducts are byproducts of xenobiotic metabolism. While there is a correlation between protein adduction and target organ toxicity, a cause and effect relationship is not often clear. Naphthoquinone (NQ) and monocrotaline pyrrole (MCTP) are two pneumotoxic electrophiles that form covalent adducts wit...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Nakayama Wong LS,Lamé MW,Jones AD,Wilson DW

更新日期：2010-09-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has traditionally been considered as an indispensable tool in elucidating structures of metabolites. With the advent of Fourier transform (FT) spectrometers, along with improvements in software and hardware (such as high-field magnets, cryoprobes, versatile pulse sequences...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Espina R,Yu L,Wang J,Tong Z,Vashishtha S,Talaat R,Scatina J,Mutlib A

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Benzo[a]pyrene, a potent human carcinogen, is metabolized in vivo to a diol epoxide that reacts with the N2-position of guanine to produce N2-BP-dG adducts. These adducts are mutagenic causing G to T transversions. These adducts block replicative polymerases but can be bypassed by the Y-family translesion synthesis po...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Gowda ASP,Krzeminski J,Amin S,Suo Z,Spratt TE

更新日期：2017-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, HepG2, are often used for drug mediated mitochondrial toxicity assessments. Glucose in HepG2 culture media is replaced by galactose to reveal drug-induced mitochondrial toxicity as a marked shift of drug IC50 values for the reduction of cellular ATP. It has been postulated that ga...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Xu Q,Liu L,Vu H,Kuhls M,Aslamkhan AG,Liaw A,Yu Y,Kaczor A,Ruth M,Wei C,Imredy J,Lebron J,Pearson K,Gonzalez R,Mitra K,Sistare FD

更新日期：2019-08-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Evidence from laboratory studies and clinical trials suggests that plant-derived polyphenolic compounds such as curcumin, resveratrol, or phloretin might be useful in the treatment of certain diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's disease) and acute tissue injury states (e.g., spinal cord trauma). However, despite this potential...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： LoPachin RM,Geohagen BC,Nordstrøm LU,Gavin T

更新日期：2016-12-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The synthesis, toxicity, neuroprotection, and human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE)/ human butyrylcholinesterase (hBuChE) inhibition properties of β-naphthotacrines1-14 as new drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD) potential treatment, are reported. β-Naphthotacrines1-14 showed lower toxicity than tacrine; moreover, at the h...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Esquivias-Pérez M,Maalej E,Romero A,Chabchoub F,Samadi A,Marco-Contelles J,Oset-Gasque MJ

更新日期：2013-06-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Drug hypersensitivity reactions adversely affect treatment outcome, increase the length of patients' hospitalization, and limit the prescription options available to physicians. In addition, late stage drug attrition and the withdrawal of licensed drugs cost the pharmaceutical industry billions of dollars. This signif...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Hammond S,Thomson PJ,Ogese MO,Naisbitt DJ

更新日期：2020-01-21 00:00:00

abstract：:2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) is a heterocyclic aromatic amine that is formed during the cooking of meats. PhIP is a potential human carcinogen: it undergoes metabolic activation to form electrophilic metabolites that bind to DNA and proteins, including serum albumin (SA). The structures of Ph...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Peng L,Dasari S,Tabb DL,Turesky RJ

更新日期：2012-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:It has previously been shown that malonaldehyde forms conjugates with acetaldehyde and that these conjugates react with nucleobases forming so-called conjugate adducts. In the current study, it is shown that conjugate adducts are also formed in calf thymus DNA when incubated simultaneously with malonaldehyde and aceta...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Pluskota-Karwatka D,Pawłowicz AJ,Kronberg L

更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One possible mechanism linking inflammation with cancer involves the generation of reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and halogen species by activated macrophages and neutrophils infiltrating sites of infection or tissue damage, with these chemical mediators causing damage that ultimately leads to cell death and mutation. To ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Prestwich EG,Mangerich A,Pang B,McFaline JL,Lonkar P,Sullivan MR,Trudel LJ,Taghizedeh K,Dedon PC

更新日期：2013-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA conformational change and breakage induced by Cr(VI)-GSH interaction were characterized by the integrated tools of electrochemistry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and DNA electrophoresis. While electrochemistry confirmed the formation of the active species generated from Cr(VI)-GSH reduction, which causes the DNA...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Yang PH,Gao HY,Cai J,Chiu JF,Sun H,He QY

更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Taconite mining involves potential exposure to non-asbestiform amphibole mineral fiber. More recent studies have demonstrated increased mortality from respiratory cancers and heart disease among workers in the taconite industry. This finding is not consistent with recent exposure assessment findings, nor is the toxico...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Mandel JH,Ramachandran G,Alexander BH

更新日期：2016-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The guidelines embodied in this document were revised by the editors of the Publication Division of the American Chemical Society in January 1994 and endorsed by the Society Committee on Publications. ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors：

更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:n-Hexane is metabolized to the gamma-diketone 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD), a derivative that covalently binds to lysine residues in neurofilament (NF) protein to yield 2,5-dimethylpyrrole adducts. Studies comparing the pyrrole-forming potential and neurotoxic potency of gamma-diketones have demonstrated that pyrrolylatio...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Zhu M,Spink DC,Yan B,Bank S,DeCaprio AP

更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The leaves of the Mitragynine speciosia tree (also known as Kratom) have long been chewed, smoked, or brewed into a tea by people in Southeastern Asian countries, such as Malaysia and Thailand. Just this past year, the plant Kratom gained popularity in the United States as a "legal opioid" and scheduling it as a drug ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Smith LC,Lin L,Hwang CS,Zhou B,Kubitz DM,Wang H,Janda KD

更新日期：2019-01-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent reports by Galeazzi and co-workers demonstrated the susceptibility of Abeta(1-42) to undergo dityrosine formation via peroxidase-catalyzed tyrosine cross-linking. We have formed dityrosine cross-links in Abeta(1-40) using these enzymatic conditions as well as a copper-H(2)O(2) method. The efficiency of dityrosi...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Yoburn JC,Tian W,Brower JO,Nowick JS,Glabe CG,Van Vranken DL

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The two major metabolites after S-oxygenation of dimethylthiourea (dimethylaminoiminomethane sulfinic acid, DMAIMSA, and dimethylaminoiminomethane sulfonic acid, DMAIMSOA) were synthesized and tested for their reactivities in the presence of mild oxidants, aqueous iodine and acidic iodate. The stoichiometry of the iod...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Otoikhian A,Simoyi RH,Petersen JL

更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have recently shown that dithiocarbamate (DC) disulfides inhibit proteolytic processing of the caspase-3 proenzyme in Jurkat T lymphocytes treated with anti-CD95 (Fas/APO-1) antibody. Because the processing can be accomplished by caspase activity, we investigated the effect of DC disulfides, such as disulfiram (DSF...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Nobel CS,Kimland M,Nicholson DW,Orrenius S,Slater AF

更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The hydroperoxide of linoleic acid (13-HPODE) degrades to 9,12-dioxo-10(E)-dodecenoic acid (DODE), which readily modifies proteins. This study identified the major proteins in MCF7 cells modified by DODE. To reduce false positives, three methods were used to identify DODE-modified proteins. First, cells were treated w...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Slade PG,Williams MV,Brahmbhatt V,Dash A,Wishnok JS,Tannenbaum SR

更新日期：2010-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemical respiratory sensitization is an immunological process that manifests clinically mostly as occupational asthma and is responsible for 1 in 6 cases of adult asthma, although this may be an underestimate of the prevalence, as it is under-diagnosed. Occupational asthma results in unemployment for roughly one-thir...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Golden E,Maertens M,Hartung T,Maertens A

更新日期：2020-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Prolonged exposure to estrogens correlates with an increased risk for breast cancer. One explanation is that estrogen metabolites cause mutations by reacting with DNA, leading to depurination. We describe an extraction procedure and a liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric (LC/MS/MS) assay to detect estrone-...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Zhang Q,Aft RL,Gross ML

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hydrazyl radical intermediates have been suggested as important intermediates in the biochemistry of hydrazides and hydrazines. Although spin-trapping studies have intercepted those species previously, there has been no report of the direct observation of the unstable hydrazyl radicals of isoniazid and iproniazid. We ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Sipe HJ Jr,Jaszewski AR,Mason RP

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) are prone to dissolution, and uncertainty remains whether biological/cellular responses to ZnO NPs are solely due to the release of Zn(2+) or whether the NPs themselves have additional toxic effects. We address this by establishing ZnO NP solubility in dispersion media (Dulbecco's modified Eagl...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Mu Q,David CA,Galceran J,Rey-Castro C,Krzemiński L,Wallace R,Bamiduro F,Milne SJ,Hondow NS,Brydson R,Vizcay-Barrena G,Routledge MN,Jeuken LJ,Brown AP

更新日期：2014-04-21 00:00:00