Abstract:
:The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia occupies four-fifths of the Arabian Peninsula, with a land area of 2 million square kilometres. Saudi Arabia holds a unique position in the Islamic world, as the custodian of the two holiest places of Islam, in Mecca and Medina. Annually, some 2 million Muslims from over 140 countries embark on Hajj. This extraordinary en masse migration is a unique forum for the study of travel epidemiology since the Hajj carries various health risks, both communicable and non-communicable, often on a colossal scale. Non-communicable hazards of the Hajj include stampede and motor vehicle trauma, fire-related burn injuries and accidental hand injury during animal slaughter. Communicable hazards in the form of outbreaks of multiple infectious diseases have been reported repeatedly, during and following the Hajj. Meningococcal meningitis, gastroenteritis, hepatitis A, B and C, and various zoonotic diseases comprise some of the possible infectious hazards at the Hajj. Many of these infectious and non-infectious hazards can be avoided or averted by adopting appropriate prophylactic measures. Physicians and health personnel must be aware of these risks to appropriately educate, immunize and prepare these travellers facing the unique epidemiological challenges of Hajj in an effort to minimize untoward effects. Travel epidemiology related to the Hajj is a new and exciting area, which offers valuable insights to the travel specialist. The sheer scale of numbers affords a rare view of migration medicine in action. As data is continually gathered and both national and international policy making is tailored to vital insights gained through travel epidemiology, the Hajj will be continually safeguarded. Practitioners will gain from findings of travel related epidemiological changes in evolution at the Hajj: the impact of vaccinating policies, infection control policies and public health are afforded a real-world laboratory setting at each annual Hajj, allowing us to learn from this unique phenomenon of migration medicine.
journal_name
Int J Antimicrob Agentsjournal_title
International journal of antimicrobial agentsauthors
Memish ZA,Venkatesh S,Ahmed QAdoi
10.1016/s0924-8579(02)00364-3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-02-01 00:00:00pages
96-101issue
2eissn
0924-8579issn
1872-7913pii
S0924857902003643journal_volume
21pub_type
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journal_title:International journal of antimicrobial agents
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abstract::Because few data exist on the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) for anemia not induced by zidovudine (ZDV) in persons with AIDS, we analyzed a subset of 523 subjects not taking ZDV ('non-ZDV') who participated in an open-label EPO treatment program involving 1943 subjects. Non-ZDV subjects had a mean he...
journal_title:International journal of antimicrobial agents
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journal_title:International journal of antimicrobial agents
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pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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journal_title:International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract::In the present pilot study we investigated the effect of food ingestion on target site pharmacokinetics of linezolid, the first clinically approved oxazolidinone. For this purpose we determined free concentrations of linezolid at steady state in the interstitial space fluid of skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose ...
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abstract::In this study, the antimicrobial susceptibilities and prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants amongst Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium isolates from hospitalised paediatric patients with diarrhoea in China were investigated. In total, 40 (64.5%) of 62 S. Typhimurium isolates were resis...
journal_title:International journal of antimicrobial agents
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pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
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abstract::In this study, we analysed the antimicrobial susceptibility of 92 strains of Achromobacter spp. isolated from clinical samples to 18 antimicrobial agents. The disk diffusion method and Etest were compared with the agar dilution method, and the breakpoints of susceptibility and resistance for the disk diffusion method ...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0924-8579(01)00452-6
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract::The presence of the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants qnrA, qnrB, qnrS and aac(6')-Ib-cr was evaluated in a collection of 382 isolates of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae collected between February and March 2006 for the nationwide Spanish GEIH-...
journal_title:International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type: 杂志文章
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