Abstract:
:The carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) can be phosphorylated at serine 2 (Ser-2) and serine 5 (Ser-5) of the CTD heptad repeat YSPTSPS, and this phosphorylation is important in coupling transcription to RNA processing, including 5' capping, splicing, and polyadenylation. The mammalian endogenous dihydrofolate reductase and gamma-actin genes have been used to study the association of Pol II with different regions of transcribed genes (promoter-proximal compared to distal regions) and the phosphorylation status of its CTD. For both genes, Pol II is more concentrated in the promoter-proximal regions than in the interior regions. Moreover, different phosphorylation forms of Pol II are associated with distinct regions. Ser-5 phosphorylation of Pol II is concentrated near the promoter, while Ser-2 phosphorylation is observed throughout the gene. These results suggest that the accumulation of paused Pol II in promoter-proximal regions may be a common feature of gene regulation in mammalian cells.
journal_name
Mol Cell Bioljournal_title
Molecular and cellular biologyauthors
Cheng C,Sharp PAdoi
10.1128/mcb.23.6.1961-1967.2003subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-03-01 00:00:00pages
1961-7issue
6eissn
0270-7306issn
1098-5549journal_volume
23pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The PKC1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a homolog of mammalian protein kinase C that is required for normal growth and division of yeast cells. We report here the isolation of the yeast MKK1 and MKK2 (for mitogen-activated protein [MAP] kinase-kinase) genes which, when overexpressed, suppress the cell lysis ...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.13.5.3076
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Considering the link between plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and a protective effect against coronary artery disease as well as the suggested beneficial effects of retinoids on the production of the major HDL apolipoprotein (apo), apo A-I, the goal of this study was to analyze the influence of...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.16.7.3350
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Schizosaccharomyces pombe Cdc5p and its Saccharomyces cerevisiae ortholog, Cef1p, are essential Myb-related proteins implicated in pre-mRNA splicing and contained within large multiprotein complexes. Here we describe the tandem affinity purification (TAP) of Cdc5p- and Cef1p-associated complexes. Using transmission el...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.22.7.2011-2024.2002
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::GATA-3 is a zinc finger transcription factor which is expressed in a highly restricted and strongly conserved tissue distribution pattern in vertebrate organisms, specifically, in a subset of hematopoietic cells, in cells within the central and peripheral nervous systems, in the kidney, and in placental trophoblasts. ...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.14.3.2201
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pseudo-exons are intronic sequences that are flanked by apparent consensus splice sites but that are not observed in spliced mRNAs. Pseudo-exons are often difficult to activate by mutation and have typically been viewed as a conceptual challenge to our understanding of how the spliceosome discriminates between authent...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/MCB.26.6.2237-2246.2006
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::mRNAs are monitored for errors in gene expression by RNA surveillance, in which mRNAs that cannot be fully translated are degraded by the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway (NMD). RNA surveillance ensures that potentially deleterious truncated proteins are seldom made. NMD pathways that promote surveillance have bee...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.19.10.6710
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::HMGA chromatin proteins, a family of gene regulatory factors found at only low concentrations in normal cells, are almost universally overexpressed in cancer cells. HMGA proteins are located in the nuclei of normal cells except during the late S/G(2) phases of the cell cycle, when HMGA1, one of the members of the fami...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/MCB.00105-09
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nicotine adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) performs key roles in electron transport reactions, as a substrate for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylases. In the latter two processes, NAD(+) is consumed and converted to ADP-ribose and nicotinamide. NAD(+) levels can be maintained by regenerat...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.23.19.7044-7054.2003
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In eukaryotic cells, cohesion between sister chromatids allows chromosomes to biorient on the metaphase plate and holds them together until they separate into daughter cells during mitosis. Cohesion is mediated by the cohesin protein complex. Although the association of this complex with particular regions of the geno...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/MCB.01007-07
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This is the first study reporting the inactivation of a member of the mouse gene family of toxin-related ecto-ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs). Transfer of the ADP-ribose moiety from NAD onto extracellular arginine residues on T-cell membrane proteins is mediated by glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked cell surface ARTs....
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.22.21.7535-7542.2002
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of the zeste moiety of beta-galactosidase-zeste fusion proteins synthesized in Escherichia coli to bind specific DNA sequences was examined. Such fusion proteins recognize a region of the white locus upstream of the start of transcription; this region has previously been shown to be required for genetic in...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.8.2.615
更新日期:1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have combined in vitro DNA replication reactions and immunological techniques to analyze biochemical interactions between simian virus (SV40) large T antigen and components of the cellular replication apparatus. First, in vitro SV40 DNA replication was characterized with specific origin mutants. Next, monoclonal an...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.6.11.4077
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Integrator Complex is a group of proteins responsible for the endonucleolytic cleavage of primary small nuclear RNA (snRNA) transcripts within the nucleus. Integrator subunits 9 and 11 (IntS9/11) are thought to contain the catalytic activity based on their high sequence similarity to CPSF100 and CPSF73, which have...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/MCB.06511-11
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondria are indispensable organelles implicated in multiple aspects of cellular processes, including tumorigenesis. Heat shock proteins play a critical regulatory role in accurately delivering the nucleus-encoded proteins through membrane-bound presequence translocase (Tim23 complex) machinery. Although altered e...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/MCB.01527-13
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We set up an alternative splicing system in vitro in which the relative amounts of two spliced RNAs, one containing and the other lacking a particular exon, were directly proportional to the length of an inverted repeat inserted into the flanking introns. We then used the system to measure the effect of intramolecular...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.7.9.3194
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Wnt/β-catenin pathway promotes proliferation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) at early stages and induces neuronal differentiation from NPCs at late stages, but the molecular mechanisms that control this stage-specific response are unclear. Pin1 is a prolyl isomerase that regulates cell signaling uniquely by cont...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/MCB.05688-11
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ret/ptc2 is a constitutively active, oncogenic form of the c-Ret receptor tyrosine kinase. Like the other papillary thyroid carcinoma forms of Ret, Ret/ptc2 is activated through fusion of the Ret tyrosine kinase domain to the dimerization domain of another protein. Investigation of requirements for Ret/ptc2 mitogenic ...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.18.4.2298
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::SEC62 is required for the import of secretory protein precursors into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The DNA sequence of SEC62 predicts a 32-kDa polypeptide with two potential membrane-spanning segments. Two antisera directed against different portions of the SEC62 coding region specifical...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.10.11.6024
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cell lines established from the lepidopteran insect Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm; Sf9) are used routinely as hosts for the expression of foreign proteins by recombinant baculovirus vectors. We have examined the pathway of protein glycosylation and secretion in these cells, using human tissue plasminogen activa...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.9.1.214
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Entry into mitosis depends upon activation of the dual-specificity phosphatase Cdc25C, which dephosphorylates and activates the cyclin B-Cdc2 complex. Previous work has shown that the Xenopus polo-like kinase Plx1 can phosphorylate and activate Cdc25C in vitro. In the work presented here, we demonstrate that Plx1 is a...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.18.7.4262
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase, initially discovered as part of the NPM-ALK fusion protein, resulting from the t(2;5) translocation that is frequently associated with anaplastic large-cell lymphomas. The native ALK protein is normally expressed in the developing and, at a weaker level, ...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/MCB.01515-05
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Rex protein of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1, like the functionally equivalent Rev protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, contains a leucine-rich activation domain that specifically interacts with the human nucleoporin-like Rab/hRIP cofactor. Here, this Rex sequence is shown to function also as a pro...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.16.8.4207
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::An RNA editing mechanism modifies apolipoprotein B (apo-B) mRNA in the intestine by converting cytosine at nucleotide (nt) 6666 to uracil. To define the sequence requirements for editing, mutant apo-B RNAs were analyzed for the ability to be edited in vitro by enterocyte extracts. Editing was detected by a sensitive a...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.13.12.7288
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Mauriceville and Varkud mitochondrial plasmids of Neurospora spp. are closely related, small circular DNAs that propagate via an RNA intermediate and reverse transcription. Although the plasmids ordinarily replicate autonomously, they can also integrate into mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), yielding defective mtDNAs tha...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.14.10.6419
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proteins destined for the nucleus contain nuclear localization sequences, short stretches of amino acids responsible for targeting them to the nucleus. We show that the first 29 amino acids of GAL4, a yeast DNA-binding protein, function efficiently as a nuclear localization sequence when fused to normally cytoplasmic ...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.9.2.384
更新日期:1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The homeobox gene HOXA9 has recently been shown to be an important regulator of endothelial cell (EC) differentiation and activation in addition to its role in embryonic development and hematopoiesis. In this report, we have determined that the EC-leukocyte adhesion molecule E-selectin is a key target for HOXA9. The d...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/MCB.00052-07
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Isolation and characterization of the chicken erythroid anion transporter (band 3) cDNA clone, pCHB3-1, revealed that the chicken erythroid band 3 polypeptide is 844 amino acids in length with a predicted mass of 109,000 daltons. This polypeptide is composed of a hydrophilic N-terminal cytoplasmic domain and a hydroph...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.8.3.1327
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transcriptional regulation by nuclear receptors is controlled by the concerted action of coactivator and corepressor proteins. The product of the thyroid hormone-regulated mammalian gene hairless (Hr) was recently shown to function as a thyroid hormone receptor corepressor. Here we report that Hr acts as a potent repr...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.22.19.6831-6841.2002
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::DNA isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains carrying temperature-sensitive mutations in the CDC2 gene after incubation at the restrictive temperature contains multiple stably denatured regions 200 to 700 base pairs long. These regions are probably stabilized by a DNA-binding protein. They are found in both repl...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.3.9.1665
更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously shown by affinity chromatography that RAP30 and RAP74 are the mammalian proteins that have the highest affinity for RNA polymerase II. Here we show that RAP30 binds to RAP74 and that the RAP30-RAP74 complex (RAP30/74) is required for accurate initiation by RNA polymerase II. RAP30/74 is required for...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.8.4.1602
更新日期:1988-04-01 00:00:00