Global estimates of the need for rehabilitation based on the Global Burden of Disease study 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

abstract：BACKGROUND:Schizophrenia is a multifactorial disorder that is associated with disturbed cerebral development. Structural brain-imaging studies have consistently shown that the volumes of some parts of the brain, particularly the mesial temporal lobes, are smaller in patients with schizophrenia than in healthy people. W...

journal_title：Lancet (London, England)

authors： Lawrie SM,Whalley H,Kestelman JN,Abukmeil SS,Byrne M,Hodges A,Rimmington JE,Best JJ,Owens DG,Johnstone EC

更新日期：1999-01-02 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper reports an attempt by the People's Republic of China to subdue its one-child policy. Widespread poverty threatened China in the mid-1970s as a result of the cultural evolution during the Mao Zedong rule, wherein the population was encouraged to produce many children. In this context the government adopted...

journal_title：Lancet (London, England)

authors： Bernman J

更新日期：1999-02-13 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:There are many reports of psychological morbidity in spousal carers of patients with dementia. The consequences of this increased stress on the immune system are unclear. We investigated whether antibody responses to influenza vaccination differed between carers and a control group, and the relation of the a...

journal_title：Lancet (London, England)

authors： Vedhara K,Cox NK,Wilcock GK,Perks P,Hunt M,Anderson S,Lightman SL,Shanks NM

更新日期：1999-02-20 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Naked-eye visual inspection of the cervix with acetic-acid wash (VIA), or cervicoscopy, is an alternative to cytology in screening for cervical cancer in poorly resourced locations. We tested the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of VIA done by nurse-midwives in a less-developed country. METHOD...

journal_title：Lancet (London, England)

authors：

更新日期：1999-03-13 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Chronic low-level exposure to cadmium may promote calcium loss via urinary excretion. We undertook a prospective population study to investigate whether environmental exposure to cadmium lowers bone density and increases risk of fractures. METHODS:We measured urinary cadmium excretion, a biomarker of lifeti...

journal_title：Lancet (London, England)

authors： Staessen JA,Roels HA,Emelianov D,Kuznetsova T,Thijs L,Vangronsveld J,Fagard R

更新日期：1999-04-03 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:A small proportion of strokes are caused by cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM). Treatment to prevent intracranial haemorrhage itself carries risks, and untreated AVM may in many cases have a good prognosis. We investigated the risk of subsequent symptomatic bleeding in the clinical course of AVM in p...

journal_title：Lancet (London, England)

authors： Mast H,Young WL,Koennecke HC,Sciacca RR,Osipov A,Pile-Spellman J,Hacein-Bey L,Duong H,Stein BM,Mohr JP

更新日期：1997-10-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) for most patients is a terminal complication of chronic inflammatory and fibrotic liver disease. With regrettably few exceptions, treatment is largely palliative, and long-term survival is rare. However, the major causes of HCC worldwide are known and preventable. Hepatitis B and C exist...

journal_title：Lancet (London, England)

authors： Schafer DF,Sorrell MF

更新日期：1999-04-10 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:There has been a long-standing failure in many countries to satisfy the demand for several elective surgical treatments, including total hip replacement. We set out to estimate the population requirement for primary total hip replacement in England. METHODS:We undertook a cross-sectional study of a stratifi...

journal_title：Lancet (London, England)

authors： Frankel S,Eachus J,Pearson N,Greenwood R,Chan P,Peters TJ,Donovan J,Smith GD,Dieppe P

更新日期：1999-04-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Antiphospholipid antibodies are associated with arterial and venous thrombosis, recurrent pregnancy loss, and thrombocytopenia. Although the antibodies have not been conclusively shown to be causal in thrombosis and miscarriage, they are useful laboratory markers for the antiphospholipid syndrome. The identification o...

journal_title：Lancet (London, England)

authors： Greaves M

更新日期：1999-04-17 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Pulmonary embolism (PE) remains poorly understood. Rates of clinical outcomes such as death and recurrence vary widely among trials. We therefore established the International Cooperative Pulmonary Embolism Registry (ICOPER), with the aim of identifying factors associated with death. METHODS:2454 consecutiv...

journal_title：Lancet (London, England)

authors： Goldhaber SZ,Visani L,De Rosa M

更新日期：1999-04-24 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Treatment and prevention of HIV-1-related central-nervous-system disease may be dependent on penetration of antiretroviral drugs into the central nervous system. Few data are available about cerebrospinal-fluid penetration and concomitant changes of HIV-1-RNA concentrations during treatment with antiretrovir...

journal_title：Lancet (London, England)

authors： Foudraine NA,Hoetelmans RM,Lange JM,de Wolf F,van Benthem BH,Maas JJ,Keet IP,Portegies P

更新日期：1998-05-23 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:There are no large population-based studies on occupational asthma, and few estimates of the proportion of asthma attributed to occupation, even though asthma is the most common occupational respiratory disorder in industrialised countries. METHODS:We assessed data on 15,637 people aged 20-44, randomly sele...

journal_title：Lancet (London, England)

authors： Kogevinas M,Antó JM,Sunyer J,Tobias A,Kromhout H,Burney P

更新日期：1999-05-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Low birthweight is associated with insulin resistance, hypertension, coronary-artery disease, and non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM). A suggested explanation for this association is intrauterine programming in response to maternal malnutrition. We propose, however, that genetically determined insulin resistance re...

journal_title：Lancet (London, England)

authors： Hattersley AT,Tooke JE

更新日期：1999-05-22 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The best method for prevention and control of congenital toxoplasma infection is uncertain. Prenatal screening is done in Austria and France, but the effect of treatment during pregnancy is not well documented. The aim of our study was to find out the maternofetal transmission rate and outcome in infants bor...

journal_title：Lancet (London, England)

authors： Lebech M,Andersen O,Christensen NC,Hertel J,Nielsen HE,Peitersen B,Rechnitzer C,Larsen SO,Nørgaard-Pedersen B,Petersen E

更新日期：1999-05-29 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The UK Trial of Early Detection of Breast Cancer (TEDBC) is a non-randomised study, which was set up in 1979 to investigate the effect of screening and education about breast self-examination on breast-cancer mortality. We report mortality results after 16 years of follow-up, including results by age at tria...

journal_title：Lancet (London, England)

authors：

更新日期：1999-06-05 00:00:00

abstract：:We highlight current theories about peripheral neuropathic pain and show that progress in management is contingent on targeting treatment not at the aetiological factors or the symptoms but at the mechanisms that operate to produce the symptoms. This approach will require substantial progress in our understanding of t...

journal_title：Lancet (London, England)

authors： Woolf CJ,Mannion RJ

更新日期：1999-06-05 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis induces a type-1 immune response, whereas intestinal parasites elicit a type-2 response. Given that type-1 and type-2 responses inhibit each other, we investigated if M tuberculosis downregulates serum IgE, a marker of a type-2 response. METHODS:A prospective study ...

journal_title：Lancet (London, England)

authors： Adams JF,Schölvinck EH,Gie RP,Potter PC,Beyers N,Beyers AD

更新日期：1999-06-12 00:00:00

abstract：:About 60,000 children in Brazil were born from an AIDS-affected mother, and 16,000 were orphaned by AIDS. These stark figures were released by the Global Orphan Project and the Instituto Promundo at the EducAids conference. About 90% of childhood AIDS cases were a result of perinatal exposure, and the other 10% from...

journal_title：Lancet (London, England)

authors： Csillag C

更新日期：1999-06-26 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The survival benefit from the use of inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in patients with acute myocardial infarction is usually presented in terms of risk ratios and lives saved per 1000 people treated. A more relevant way to present the extent of benefit would be in terms of an increase in li...

journal_title：Lancet (London, England)

authors： Torp-Pedersen C,Køber L

更新日期：1999-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe a case of healed neurocysticercosis with seizures, in which magnetisation transfer contrast showed a large area of presumed perilesional gliosis not visible on conventional spin echo magnetic resonance imaging. ...

journal_title：Lancet (London, England)

authors： Gupta RK,Kathuria MK,Pradhan S

更新日期：1999-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite a widely recognised need, most countries still have no coherent system to deal with scientific misconduct. Committees have been established by the national medical research councils in Denmark (1992), Norway (1994), and Sweden (1997), and by the Ministry of Education in Finland (1994), to deal with scientific ...

journal_title：Lancet (London, England)

authors： Nylenna M,Andersen D,Dahlquist G,Sarvas M,Aakvaag A

更新日期：1999-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The causes of sarcoidosis are not known. The DNA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been detected in some sarcoid lesions. In Japan, Propionibacterium acnes has been isolated from such lesions, but whether this indigenous bacterium is related to the disease is unclear. We used PCR to estimate the number of ge...

journal_title：Lancet (London, England)

authors： Ishige I,Usui Y,Takemura T,Eishi Y

更新日期：1999-07-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The International Child Health Group of the Royal College of Pediatrics and Child Health is displeased with the UNAIDS, UNICEF, and WHO policy statement endorsing the artificial feeding of infants. The statement holds that with nutritionally adequate breast milk substitutes safely prepared and fed to the infants of m...

journal_title：Lancet (London, England)

authors： Golden B,Cooper E,Cundall D,Moy R

更新日期：1999-07-10 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The incidence of contact-lens-associated microbial keratitis is uncertain and its related morbidity in the general population of contact-lens wearers is not known. We examined these issues in a prospective epidemiological study. METHODS:We surveyed all practising ophthalmologists in the Netherlands to ident...

journal_title：Lancet (London, England)

authors： Cheng KH,Leung SL,Hoekman HW,Beekhuis WH,Mulder PG,Geerards AJ,Kijlstra A

更新日期：1999-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:To examine whether microchimerism occurs in Japanese women patients with systemic sclerosis, we analysed the Y-chromosome in DNA by PCR. There was no significant difference between patients and healthy people, suggesting that microchimerism may not be the sole pathogenesis in Japanese women with systemic sclerosis. ...

journal_title：Lancet (London, England)

authors： Murata H,Nakauchi H,Sumida T

更新日期：1999-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The prevalence of psychiatric disorders is increased in children and adults with intellectual disability. Brain damage or dysfunction interact with social and family factors to increase susceptibility to mental illness. Psychiatric disorders in the context of genetic syndromes are commonly overlooked, and there is sub...

journal_title：Lancet (London, England)

authors： Santosh PJ,Baird G

更新日期：1999-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Otitis media is a potentially serious disorder, since there is a risk of permanent hearing loss. Culture methods are not useful in characterisation of populations of bacteria in the middle ear. We have used a PCR-based method that does not depend on prior knowledge of the bacteria identified by culture. MET...

journal_title：Lancet (London, England)

authors： Beswick AJ,Lawley B,Fraise AP,Pahor AL,Brown NL

更新日期：1999-07-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Recognition of cancer in extreme antiquity has been limited to osteomas in mosasaurs and haemangiomas and growths of unclear origin in dinosaurs. We describe a metastatic cancer in a dinosaur. ...

journal_title：Lancet (London, England)

authors： Rothschild BM,Witzke BJ,Hershkovitz I

更新日期：1999-07-31 00:00:00

abstract：:When compared with a control group, blink rates of Japanese TV newscasters were increased, suggesting a possible reaction to reading the news under stressful studio conditions. Frequent blinking may be distractive to the viewing audience. ...

journal_title：Lancet (London, England)

authors： Tsubota K,Egami F,Ohtsuki T,Shintani M

更新日期：1999-07-24 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In Africa, the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 infection is high. Short-course perinatal oral zidovudine might decrease the rate of transmission. We assessed the safety and efficacy of such a regimen among HIV-1-seropositive breastfeeding women in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. METHODS:From April, 19...

journal_title：Lancet (London, England)

authors： Wiktor SZ,Ekpini E,Karon JM,Nkengasong J,Maurice C,Severin ST,Roels TH,Kouassi MK,Lackritz EM,Coulibaly IM,Greenberg AE

更新日期：1999-03-06 00:00:00