Abstract：
:Pulmonary air embolism is a well-known consequence of surgery, trauma, diving, and aviation. This article reviews the physiological effects, means of detection and methods of prevention and treatment of pulmonary air embolism. The primary physiological effects are elevated pulmonary artery pressures, increased ventilation-perfusion inhomogeneity, and right ventricular failure. The degree of physiological impairment depends on the volume of gas entrained, the rate of entrainment, the type of gas entrained, and the position of the patient when the embolism occurs. Transesophageal echocardiography is the most sensitive method of detection, but it is invasive. Precordial Doppler ultrasound is almost as sensitive and poses no risk to the patient. End-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring is used on all patients and is a moderately sensitive method of detection, which is useful during surgeries that have a low incidence of air embolism. For high-risk procedures, precordial Doppler ultrasound and a multi-orifice right heart catheter should be used to detect and treat pulmonary air embolism. Prevention measures include volume expansion, careful positioning, positive end-expiratory pressure, military anti-shock trousers, and jugular venous compression. Treatment of pulmonary air embolism includes flooding the surgical site with saline, controlling sites of air entry, repositioning the patient with the surgical site below the right atrium, aspiration of air from a central venous catheter, cessation of inhaled nitrous oxide, and resuscitation with oxygen, intravenous fluids, and inotropic agents. Some hypotheses on the effects of air in the pulmonary vasculature and investigational treatment options are discussed.
journal_name
J Clin Monit Computjournal_title
Journal of clinical monitoring and computingauthors
Souders JEdoi
10.1023/a:1011455701892subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-01-01 00:00:00pages
375-83issue
5-6eissn
1387-1307issn
1573-2614journal_volume
16pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine whether a simple transcanial Doppler waveform variable-pulsatility difference (systolic - diastolic blood flow velocity) can serve as a measure of critical changes in cerebral perfusion. METHODS:Thirteen pigs were anesthetized (anesthesia maintained with halothane) and ventilated to maintain nor...
journal_title：Journal of clinical monitoring and computing
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1009993232534
更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The eye lens is one of the most sensitive organs for radiation injury and exposure might lead to radiation induced cataract. Eye lens dosimetry in anesthesiology has been published in few clinical trials and an active debate about the causality of radiation induced cataract is still ongoing. Recently, the Internationa...
journal_title：Journal of clinical monitoring and computing
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10877-016-9857-1
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：STUDY OBJECTIVES:Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is able to reflect physiological parameters such as real-time changes in global and regional lung volume. EIT can aid in the assessment of lung recruitment, and its use has been validated in preliminary studies monitoring mechanical ventilation at the bedside. ICU ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical monitoring and computing
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10877-006-9021-4
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Arterial stiffness is a reliable prognostic parameter for cardiovascular diseases. The effect of change in arterial stiffness can be measured by the change of the pulse wave velocity (PWV). The Complior system is widely used to measure PWV between the carotid and radial arteries by means of piezoelectric clips placed ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical monitoring and computing
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10877-018-0165-9
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An ongoing issue in vascular medicine is the measure of the blood flow. Catheterization remains the gold standard measurement method, although non-invasive techniques are an area of intense research. We hereby present a computational method for real-time measurement of the blood flow from color flow Doppler data, with...
journal_title：Journal of clinical monitoring and computing
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10877-016-9953-2
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Excessive pressures exerted on the tongue during intubation may be associated with serious complications and may make intubation more difficult. The aim of this study was to evaluate five different intubating devices in the hands of experienced anaesthetists during simulated conditions of reduced cervical spine mobili...
journal_title：Journal of clinical monitoring and computing
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10877-017-0095-y
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Leakage of inhalational anesthetic gases is an important issue not only to staff health but awareness during general anesthesia. After inhalation of sevoflurane commenced, the audible and visible alarm of our custom-made air monitoring system was activated. The system measured 2-4 ppm of sevoflurane. A thorough search...
journal_title：Journal of clinical monitoring and computing
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10877-013-9479-9
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cerebrovascular autoregulation (CA) is often impaired following traumatic brain injury. Established technologies and metrics used to assess CA are invasive and conducive for measurement, but not for continuous monitoring. We developed a trans-ocular brain impedance (TOBI) method that may provide non-invasive and conti...
journal_title：Journal of clinical monitoring and computing
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10877-020-00556-1
更新日期：2020-07-14 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Anaesthetic management of pheochromocytoma is far from satisfactory even though various techniques are available. Feasibility as well as safety of Bi-spectral Index (BIS)-guided closed-loop control of anaesthesia has been shown in various clinical settings. We evaluated the performance of BIS-guided closed-l...
journal_title：Journal of clinical monitoring and computing
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10877-009-9181-0
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The goal of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of analgesia nociception index (ANI) monitoring during intraoperative period for patients with thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) undergoing breast surgery under general anesthesia. This prospective randomized trial was performed after receiving ethics committee...
journal_title：Journal of clinical monitoring and computing
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s10877-017-0036-9
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The widespread implementation of computerized medical files in intensive care units (ICUs) over recent years has made available large databases of clinical data for the purpose of developing clinical prediction models. The typical intensive care unit has several information sources from which data is electronically co...
journal_title：Journal of clinical monitoring and computing
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10877-012-9416-3
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Incident dark field imaging (IDF) is a new generation handheld microscope for bedside visualization and quantification of microcirculatory alterations. IDF is the technical successor of sidestream dark field imaging (SDF), currently the most used device for microcirculatory measurements. In (pre)term neonates the redu...
journal_title：Journal of clinical monitoring and computing
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10877-015-9708-5
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prediction of difficult laryngoscopy is still the uncovered secret of anesthetic practice. This pilot study is aimed to assess the efficacy of spirometry measurements in predicting difficult laryngoscopy compared with conventional airway assessment techniques. We enrolled 202 adults, ages 18-40 years, with an American...
journal_title：Journal of clinical monitoring and computing
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10877-016-9961-2
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To demonstrate the usefulness of rectus femoris muscle MEPs monitoring in a paraparetic neuromuscular scoliosis case. METHODS:Multiple monitoring modalities including SEPs, MEPs and EMG were performed for an anterior and posterior correction surgery for a neuromuscular scoliosis patient with no motor and sen...
journal_title：Journal of clinical monitoring and computing
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10877-011-9325-x
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We evaluated the effects of three different inspired oxygen concentrations (40%, 80%, and 100%) at anaesthesia emergence on postoperative lung volumes as measured by global impedance of electrical impedance tomography (EIT). This is a randomised, controlled, and assessor-blinded study in single-centre from May 2017 to...
journal_title：Journal of clinical monitoring and computing
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10877-019-00390-0
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim was, to identify an estimate of left ventricular contractility derived from the aortic pressure wave without load changing manoeuvres. For this purpose, left ventricular contractility was assessed with several aortic pressure wave form derived parameters and was compared to standard parameters of left ventricu...
journal_title：Journal of clinical monitoring and computing
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10877-008-9145-9
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Numerous possibilities exist which may cause obstruction to ventilation under anesthesia resulting in a tight reservoir bag with low compliance. We report an interesting case where a reservoir bag twisted around its own neck and resulted in a tight bag situation. The neck portion of the reservoir bag would be hidden f...
journal_title：Journal of clinical monitoring and computing
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10877-010-9232-6
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Conventional sphygmomanometers are being replaced by automated devices; can they be used to accurately calculate ABPI? METHOD:Thirty-six volunteers (72 legs) attending a vascular clinic had their ankle, brachial blood pressure and ABPIs calculated using each of these 3 methods. (1) Conventional aneuroid BP c...
journal_title：Journal of clinical monitoring and computing
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10877-008-9146-8
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Several studies suggest that parameters derived from bispectral analysis of the EEG can be used to characterize specific cortical activation states represented by non linear interaction between brain electrical oscillations. For example, it was shown that so-called bispectral indices can be used to assess the...
journal_title：Journal of clinical monitoring and computing
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1016362209175
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) can be titrated by electrical impedance tomography (EIT). The aim of the present study was to examine the performance of different EIT measures during PEEP trials with the aim of identifying "optimum" PEEP and to provide possible interpretations of largely diverging results. Aft...
journal_title：Journal of clinical monitoring and computing
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10877-019-00396-8
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Central venous pressure (CVP) is an important clinical parameter for physicians but only the absolute CVP value is typically monitored in the intensive care unit (ICU). In this study, we propose a novel mathematical method to present and analyze CVP signals. A total of 44 suitable samples were chosen from a total of 6...
journal_title：Journal of clinical monitoring and computing
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10877-016-9882-0
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common hazardous complication in ICU patients. The aim of the current review is to give an update on the current status and future recommendations for VAP prevention. METHODS:This article gives an updated review of the current literature on VAP. The first part brief...
journal_title：Journal of clinical monitoring and computing
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1007/s10877-010-9228-2
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The physiology underlying the intracranial pressure (ICP) curve morphology is not fully understood. Recent research has suggested that the morphology could be dependent on arterial cerebral inflow and the physiological and pathophysiological properties of the intracranial cavity. If understood, the ICP curve could pro...
journal_title：Journal of clinical monitoring and computing
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10877-019-00342-8
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Patients undergoing lung resection are vulnerable to fluid overhydration. Recently, goal-directed fluid therapy using transoesophageal Doppler monitoring (TDM) has been shown to improve postoperative clinical outcome. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of TDM during open-chest procedures f...
journal_title：Journal of clinical monitoring and computing
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10877-008-9144-x
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent advances in technology have brought many kinds of monitoring devices into the operating room (OR). The information gathered by monitors can be channeled to the operating ward information system via a local area network (LAN). Connecting patients to monitors and monitors to the LAN, however, requires a large num...
journal_title：Journal of clinical monitoring and computing
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1009911208828
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To date, most of the studies on safety and efficacy of supraglottic airway devices were done in Caucasian patients, and the results may not be extrapolated to Asian patients due to the different airway anatomy. We conducted this study to compare Supreme™ LMA (SLMA) and Proseal™ LMA (PLMA) size 1.5 in anaesthetized chi...
journal_title：Journal of clinical monitoring and computing
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s10877-018-0109-4
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This report presents a method for tracking Motor Evoked Potential (MEP) amplitudes over the course of a case using a moving least squares linear regression (LSMAs). During a case, newly obtained MEP amplitudes are compared to those predicted by a just previous linear regression (least squares moving average or LSMA). ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical monitoring and computing
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10877-018-0181-9
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We assessed the effect of re-calibration time on cardiac output estimation and trending performance in a retrospective analysis of an intensive care unit patient population using error grid analyses. Paired thermodilution and arterial blood pressure waveform measurements (N = 2141) from 222 patient records were extrac...
journal_title：Journal of clinical monitoring and computing
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10877-015-9749-9
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The ventricular stroke work refers to the work done by the left or right ventricle to eject the volume of blood during one cardiac cycle, called stroke volume. Sarnoff and Berglund were one of the first to calculate the stroke work from the pressure volume diagram in 1954. However, they published a wrong uni...
journal_title：Journal of clinical monitoring and computing
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10877-010-9234-4
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The test of the inner tube integrity is an important checklist prior to the safe use of Bain's breathing system. This is because the major concern with the use of Bain's circuit is the potential malfunctioning of the circuit due to avulsion of the inner fresh gas delivery tube at the machine end which will turn the ou...
journal_title：Journal of clinical monitoring and computing
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10877-009-9212-x
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
