Abstract:
PURPOSE:We examined bilateral bone mineral density (BMD) in the arms of female college gymnasts to assess the relative contribution of high-impact loading forces versus daily activities on bone plasticity. METHODS:Twenty-five female collegiate gymnasts and 25 controls were studied. BMD of the lumbar spine, proximal femur, and whole body were assessed via dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Upper-limb BMD was determined by custom analyses of the whole-body scans to examine arms individually. RESULTS:BMD of gymnasts was significantly (P < 0.0001) greater than controls at all sites. Whole-body BMD was 8% higher in gymnasts (1.270 +/- 0.078 vs 1.175 +/- 0.073 g x cm(-2)), with 18-19% differences in the lumbar spine (1.427 +/- 0.144 vs 1.212 +/- 0.106 g x cm(-2), right proximal femur (1.298 +/- 0.101 vs 1.100 +/- 0.129 g x cm(-2)), and left proximal femur (1.293 +/- 0.111 vs 1.104 +/- 0.133 g x cm(-2)). Arm BMD was 17% greater in gymnasts, with higher values in both dominant (1.013 + 0.067 vs 0.875 + 0.066 g x cm(-2)) and nondominant (1.002 + 0.060 vs 0.849 + 0.062 g x cm(-2)) arms. Intragroup comparisons revealed a significantly (P < 0.0001) greater BMD in the dominant arm of the controls but no side-to-side difference in the arms of the gymnasts. CONCLUSIONS:Upper-limb BMD followed use patterns in both gymnasts and controls, demonstrating that the forces imposed on the arms with gymnastics training enhanced BMD and resulted in no bilateral differences. These findings illustrate the association between gymnastics training and increased BMD throughout the body, suggesting that the high BMD values observed in gymnasts are due primarily to the activity itself rather than selection bias.
journal_name
Med Sci Sports Exercjournal_title
Medicine and science in sports and exerciseauthors
Proctor KL,Adams WC,Shaffrath JD,Van Loan MDdoi
10.1097/00005768-200211000-00021subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-11-01 00:00:00pages
1830-5issue
11eissn
0195-9131issn
1530-0315journal_volume
34pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章abstract:PURPOSE:FRESH START is a randomized controlled trial that will test whether a personally tailored, distance-medicine-based program will increase exercise and fruit and vegetable consumption, and decrease fat intake of individuals recently diagnosed with breast or prostate cancer. METHODS:Early-stage breast and prostat...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1249/01.MSS.0000053704.28156.0F
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Poor muscle quality and sedentary behavior are risk factors for metabolic dysfunction in children and adolescents. However, because longitudinal data are scarce, relatively little is known about how changes in muscle quality and physical activity influence bone development. PURPOSE:In a 2-yr longitudinal ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e31829c32fe
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Muscle injury is the most common sports injury. Muscle stiffness, a risk factor for muscle injury, is lower in females than in males, implying that sex-related genetic polymorphisms influence muscle injury associated with muscle stiffness. The present study aimed to clarify the associations between two genetic ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001750
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Exercise training reduces pathological remodeling and improves cardiac function in ischemic heart failure; however, causal mechanisms underlying the cardiac benefits of exercise are poorly understood. Because opening of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive K ⁺(KATP) channels protects the heart during myocardi...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000000714
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The importance of the brain in sports was recently confirmed by the negative effect of mental fatigue (MF) on sport-specific psychomotor skills. Creatine supplementation improves strength but can also improve cognitive functioning. To explore the role of creatine in combating MF, we evaluated whether creatine s...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000002122
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To compare voluntary and electrically evoked knee extensor torque, surface electromyography (EMG), and activation level obtained under seated versus supine position, i.e., with shortened versus lengthened rectus femoris (RF) muscle. METHODS:The knee extensor torque obtained during maximal voluntary contraction...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/01.MSS.0000084426.03247.93
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:During and following exercise there are a number of changes in pulmonary function, among which is a decrease in forced vital capacity (FVC). Several potential mechanisms may explain this decreased FVC, including an exercise-induced increase in thoracic blood volume. METHODS:We tested the hypothesis that altere...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-199807000-00003
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The present study evaluated the effects of an acute bout of moderate-intensity treadmill walking on aspects of cognitive control underlying successful academic achievement. METHODS:The study used a within-subjects counterbalanced design with a sample of 36 preadolescent children. Cognitive performance was as...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e318258bcd5
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ten highly trained endurance athletes were studied to determine the effects of exposure to low ozone (O3) concentrations on simulated competitive endurance performance and associated physiological and subjective symptom responses. Each subject was randomly exposed to filtered air (FA), and to 0.12, 0.18, and 0.24 ppm ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To examine longitudinal change in cardiorespiratory fitness and odds of incident sleep problems. METHODS:A cohort of 7368 men and 1155 women, age 20-85 yr, was recruited from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. The cohort did not complain of sleep problems, depression, or anxiety at their first clinic visi...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000000506
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article provides an overview of the history behind the physiological concepts defining the role of the arterial baroreflexes and their regulation of arterial blood pressure during dynamic exercise. Initially, the case is made as to "why the arterial baroreflexes must be involved with blood pressure regulation dur...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e318180bc41
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::For high-intensity muscular exercise, the time-to-exhaustion (t) increases as a predictable and hyperbolic function of decreasing power (P) or velocity (V ). This relationship is highly conserved across diverse species and different modes of exercise and is well described by two parameters: the "critical power" (CP or...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181d9cf7f
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The purpose of this paper was to determine whether differences in hemoglobin (Hb) and muscle aerobic capacity exist between African-American (AA) and Caucasian (CA) premenopausal women and to determine whether Hb and aerobic capacity of the muscle are associated with the racial differences in maximum oxygen upt...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-200110000-00019
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To investigate the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serostatus in an athletic endurance population, especially the prevalence of complex aberrant EBV antibody patterns. In addition, the purpose was to determine whether serology in athletes is more complex than in the general population. METHODS:The study protocol incl...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000230122.91264.3f
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We provide an updated version of the Compendium of Physical Activities, a coding scheme that classifies specific physical activity (PA) by rate of energy expenditure. It was developed to enhance the comparability of results across studies using self-reports of PA. The Compendium coding scheme links a five-digit code t...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-200009001-00009
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To determine whether physical activity and fitness change in girls with and without a predisposition to obesity from 8 to 10 yr of age. METHODS:Normal-weight girls (N = 91) were recruited at 8 yr of age according to parental body mass index (BMI): LN = girls with two lean (BMI < 25 kg.m-2) parents, LNOB = girl...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/01.MSS.0000113666.98463.B0
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Participation in sports in on the increase; this article addresses the intersection of sports and infectious diseases. Some infections occur with increased incidence in sports; others have an increased impact in that setting. Addressed in this article are issues of diagnosis, prevention, and management of many of thes...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00005768-200007001-00008
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The purpose was to evaluate tandem gait (TG), Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), and modified Balance Error Scoring System (mBESS) performance acutely after concussion in collegiate student-athletes. In addition, we sought to evaluate the psychometric properties of TG, including minimal detectable change (MDC...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001540
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a cross-sectional study, 50 elderly women (age 71.5 +/- 4.2 yr, mean +/- SD) participated in a battery of tests assessing several aspects of physical fitness. The women were selected based on tertiles of habitual physical activity as determined by a validated questionnaire 10 months ago. The tests comprised the fol...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Neural adaptations to strength training have long been recognized, but knowledge of mechanisms remains incomplete. Using novel techniques and a design which limited experimental bias, this study examined if 4 wk of strength training alters voluntary activation and corticospinal transmission. METHODS:Twenty-one...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000001367
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:High-intensity endurance training can elicit profound cardiac adaptations; however, the current evidence as to its impact on the proximal aorta is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphological and functional characteristics of the proximal aorta in endurance athletes. METHODS:Fif...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000002508
更新日期:2020-08-31 00:00:00
abstract::This 1 year study examined the effect of high impact and low impact activities on bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar vertebrae (L2-L4) in healthy, sedentary, early postmenopausal women. Fifteen subjects whose postmenopausal status was verified by the blood levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradi...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Poliomyelitis is an acute viral disease that attacks the brain and the ventral horn of the spinal cord. Damage to the lower motor neurons usually results in atrophy and weakness of muscle groups, perhaps paralysis and possibly deformity. A second type, bulbar poliomyelitis, infects the medulla oblongata and may result...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The GENEA shows high accuracy for classification of sedentary, household, walking, and running activities when sampling at 80 Hz on three axes. It is not known whether it is possible to decrease this sampling frequency and/or the number of axes without detriment to classification accuracy. The purpose of t...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e31825e19fd
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This document provides an overview of selected medical issues that are important to team physicians who are responsible for the care and treatment of athletes. It is not intended as a standard of care and should not be interpreted as such. This document is only a guide and, as such, is of a general nature, consistent ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 共识发展会议,杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e31818acdcb
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of the potent opioid, sufentanil, were studied in 11 athletes. Sufentanil was administered intravenously (up to 0.5 microgram.kg-1 over 10 min) to the subjects while they ran at 14 km.hr-1 on a level treadmill. Prior to, and after, the drug infusion, the treadmill was inclined by 6% for 4 min and CO2 was i...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ten eumenorrheic nonathletic women, aged 21-25, were studied on the 8th day following the LH peak in three consecutive cycles. Plasma level and metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) were measured before and during a 2-h continuous treadmill test at a speed corresponding to 70% of their ...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although no conclusive evidence exists to suggest that vitamin supplementation improves athletic performance in nutritionally adequate individuals, exercise may increase requirements for certain vitamins in individuals with marginal vitamin stores. This review summarizes results from recent research studies of vitamin...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Objective measurement with body worn instrumentation is a preferred and increasingly common way to gather information about young people's physical activity. Measured samples have been typically small and recruited through schools. The purpose of this article was to present the descriptive epidemiology of child...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181d58a92
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the present studies, the Leuven Tennis Performance Test (LTPT), a newly developed test procedure to measure stroke performance in match-like conditions in elite tennis players, was evaluated as to its value for research purposes. The LTPT is enacted on a regular tennis court. It consists of first and second service...
journal_title:Medicine and science in sports and exercise
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00005768-199808000-00016
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00