Abstract:
SUMMARY:Treating debilitated elderly patients through nasogastric tube (NGT) can change the pharmacokinetic characteristics of drugs, mainly those that are slow released (SR). The purpose of this study was to compare pharmacokinetic parameters between patients who receive SR theophylline orally and those who receive it through NGT. PATIENTS AND METHODS:The authors studied elderly patients in the geriatric ward receiving SR theophylline for chronic obstructive lung disease. In 17 patients fed by NGT (group I), theophylline was removed from the capsule and mixed with 10 mL of water. Group II included 15 patients who swallowed the drug orally. Theophylline blood levels were measured, as were peak concentration (C(max) ), time to peak (T(max) ), and area under the serum concentration-time curves (AUC). RESULTS:The mean daily dose was not statistically different between the two groups: 320 +/- 130 (200-500) mg/d in group I and 360 +/- 85 (200-500) mg/d in group II, given twice daily. All pharmacokinetic measurements were lower in group I as compared with group II: trough theophylline blood levels were 3.78 +/- 3.2 (0.5-10.77) microg/mL versus 8.63 +/- 4.6 (0-15.61) microg/mL ( P= 0.002); C(max) was 6.53 +/- 4.1 (1.3-13.33) microg/mL versus 10.51 +/- 3.30 (4.3-16.28) microg/mL (P = 0.0058), and AUC was 50.04 +/- 38.59 (11-112) microg/h/mL versus 80.37 +/- 28.8 (23-148) microg/h/ml (P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS Patients receiving the drug through NGT had variability and unexpectedly low blood levels. Therefore, the pharmacokinetic parameters of SR preparations should be evaluated before their administration through NGT.
journal_name
Ther Drug Monitjournal_title
Therapeutic drug monitoringauthors
Berkovitch M,Dafni O,Leiboviz A,Mayan H,Habut B,Segal Rdoi
10.1097/00007691-200210000-00003subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-10-01 00:00:00pages
594-7issue
5eissn
0163-4356issn
1536-3694journal_volume
24pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) time courses in serum and physiological and behavioral effects associated with smoking 1 or 4 "light cannabis" cigarettes were studied. Biomarkers to differentiate light cannabis versus illegal and medical cannabis use were also investigated. METHODS:Sera ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0000000000000683
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Caffeine is a potentially useful alternative to theophylline for the treatment and prevention of apnea of prematurity because of its lower toxicity and longer terminal half-life. Monitoring of salivary caffeine concentrations is less invasive than blood sampling, especially in very sick premature neonates. Caffeine ci...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00007691-199606000-00012
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Trough levels (TL) of cyclosporine (CS) measured in serum by the polyclonal radioimmunoassay (SR) are useful for dissecting the etiology of clinical events, but they are a poor guide to dosage adjustments. In renal transplant patients immunosuppressed by low doses of prednisone and CS given orally, once-a-day TL (24-h...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We report a feasibility study based on our large-scale experience with mycophenolate mofetil dose adjustment based on mycophenolic acid interdose area under the curve (AUC) in renal transplant patients. METHODS:Between 2005 and 2010, 13,930 requests for 7090 different patients (outside any clinical trial) w...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e31821633a6
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Given the high prevalence of the use of medications in daily practice and the large number of people taking antirheumatic agents, the risk of drug-drug interactions and of hepatotoxicity is of concern. Both old and new compounds show such a risk. Nonsteroidal antinflammatory drugs are widely used drugs with potential ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e31826a6306
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of valproic acid in tears has been developed using gas chromatography/electron capture negative chemical ionization/mass spectrometry. Valproic acid was converted directly into its pentafluorobenzyl ester derivative without the need to perform any extraction from the b...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200012000-00011
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Currently no pharmacogenomics-based criteria exist to guide clinicians in identifying individuals who are at risk of hearing loss from cisplatin-based chemotherapy. This review summarizes findings from pharmacogenomic studies that report genetic polymorphisms associated with cisplatin-induced hearing loss and aims to ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:No information on the pharmacokinetic characteristics of amlodipine (AML) metabolites is available. This study aimed to develop a method based on isocratic liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of AML and its 2 major metabolites, dehydroamlodipine (DH-AM...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0000000000000449
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::For the evaluation and interpretation of pharmacokinetic data reliable quantitative determinations are a requirement that can only be met by well-characterized and fully validated analytical methods. To cope with these requirements a method is being established that is based on an integrated and automated fiber-optic ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199608000-00017
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been suggested that lamotrigine (LTG) may enhance the toxicity of carbamazepine (CBZ) by increasing the concentration of the active metabolite carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (CBZ-E) in adult patients. The authors investigated this hypothesis in an add-on study in 11 children and 3 adolescents, aged 6-22 years, who...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199710000-00002
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of plasma exchange on the concentrations of total and unbound phenytoin (DPH) was determined in one normal subject and four patients undergoing therapeutic plasma exchange (PE). The average percentage of plasma exchanged ranged from 57 to 70% among the five patients studied. The reduction in DPH concentrati...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-198606000-00008
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A simple and sensitive column-switching high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of itraconazole (ITZ) and its active metabolite, hydroxyitraconazole (HIT) in human plasma is described. ITZ, HIT, and an internal standard, R051012, were extracted from 1 mL of alkalinized plasma ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200608000-00007
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Several factors such as low therapeutic index, large interindividual variability in systemic exposure, and the relationships between exposure and toxicity for sorafenib could justify its therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). To support TDM, a selective and precise high-performance liquid chromatography with ult...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0000000000000027
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Several reports of loss of efficacy or adverse effects have been described after generic substitution of antipsychotics. To date, studies comparing serum drug levels in patients switched to generic antipsychotics in a standard clinical setting are lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate if switchin...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0000000000000211
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The greater and more consistent absorption of cyclosporine from the microemulsion formulation (Neoral; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Frimley, UK) when compared with that from the original form (Sandimmune; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Frimley, UK) results in greater systemic exposure. Lung transplant recipients cou...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00007691-199902000-00004
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This case report highlights a very rare adverse drug reaction of oral roxithromycin causing toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). A 54-year-old male patient diagnosed with upper respiratory tract infection was prescribed oral roxithromycin 150 mg twice daily for 7 days. On the 10th day, the patient was admitted to the eme...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e318260b087
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals show large interindividual variation in response to antiretroviral therapy. Efavirenz (EFV) and nevirapine (NVP) are nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, which are prescribed in combination with other antiretroviral therapy in so-called highl...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e31824868f3
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Dolutegravir (DTG) is an integrase strand transfer inhibitor, which is a newly approved antiretroviral drug used for the treatment of HIV-infected naive and experienced individuals. Many aspects of DTG pharmacology remain to be studied. Our aim was to develop and fully validate a robust analytical method for...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/FTD.0000000000000286
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors report a case that offers insight into the diagnostic challenges of "Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy." Initial presentation with history of fever and later with intractable vomiting led to invasive and expensive diagnostic evaluation before confirming the diagnosis. Certain toxic effects of emetine were clini...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199904000-00021
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abstract::Immunization of New Zealand white rabbits with a bovine serum albumin conjugate of 7-hydroxy-N-carboxyethyl-N-deshydroxyethylfluphenazine produced highly specific antisera for 7-hydroxyfluphenazine (7-OHFLU). A radioimmunoassay (RIA) was developed using antisera from one of the rabbits that enabled for the first time ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199402000-00003
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 7.5-year-old girl who was treated with phenobarbital (PHB) for epilepsy was admitted with decreased levels of consciousness. She had been known to have high PHB levels of unknown cause, without symptoms. Her PHB levels were very high, as expected, but primidone levels were also detected although she and her parents ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e3182843206
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In this study, the authors studied the effect of thioridazine (TDZ) on the pharmacokinetic profile of quetiapine (QTP) in Taiwanese patients with schizophrenia. METHODS:Sixteen subjects with schizophrenia were recruited for this study. The authors pretreated 8 patients with TDZ 50 mg daily continuously give...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1097/FTD.0b013e31825479cc
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report a clinically relevant suspected interaction between acyclovir and the antiepileptic drugs phenytoin (PHT) and valproic acid (VPA). In a child receiving PHT and VPA therapy, a 6-day acyclovir treatment reduced PHT and VPA plasma concentrations to subtherapeutic values. This probably worsened both clinical sta...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacokinetics of oxycodone have been determined after single-dose administration by the intravenous (4.6-7.3 mg), oral (tablets, 9.1 mg and syrup, 9.1 mg), and rectal (30 mg) routes, in 48 patients undergoing minor surgery. There were no significant differences in the mean elimination half-lives between the int...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/00007691-199212000-00008
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The correlation between single plasma concentration (CP) values of 5-fluorouracil (FU) after a 10-minute i.v. infusion and the total area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) has been studied in 26 cancer patients. FU dose was either 320-550 mg/m2 (seven patients, 13 treatments) or 610-960 mg/m2 (19 patient...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of therapeutic drug monitoring strategies for cyclosporin (CsA) has evolved markedly in recent years since previous consensus guidelines were presented. Apart from the introduction of some new methods, the major change has been the shift away from the traditional predose/trough (C0) sample. The most popular al...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-200404000-00025
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hyperlipidemia interferes with spectrophotometric assays of a number of analytes. No interference was found in the assay of gentamicin, phenytoin, or phenobarbital due to turbidity in levels of triglyceride less than or equal to 2,000 mg/dl with the Abbott TDx or Syva enzyme multiplied immunoassay (EMIT) methods. Ther...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The study was designed to determine the steady-state pharmacokinetic profile of diazepam and desmethyldiazepam following a 15-mg controlled-release capsule dosed once daily at either 7 a.m. or 11 p.m. compared with the respective profiles of the conventional 5-mg tablet dosed three times a day at 7 a.m., 12 p.m., and ...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-198312000-00008
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The TDx digoxin II immunoassay was used in controls and in patients not taking digoxin or any other cardiac glycoside. We report the frequency of interference thought to be caused by digoxin-like factors (DLFs). We found a high incidence of false-positive results in 15 patients with severe hepatic disease (60% false-p...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007691-199111000-00010
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Fosphenytoin, the diphosphate ester salt of phenytoin, is widely used to treat status epilepticus. The aim of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model to describe serum phenytoin concentrations after the intravenous administration of fosphenytoin in adult and elderly epileptic patie...
journal_title:Therapeutic drug monitoring
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00