Abstract:
:Although radical changes in drug regulation are rare (e.g., the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1938 and the 1962 amendment to the Act creating an effectiveness requirement), regulations and guidance do evolve significantly in the face of new problems and accumulating experience. Recent changes have been driven by the Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act (FDAMA), user fee legislation, the International Conference on Harmonization, recent safety related drug withdrawals, and concerns about trial ethics and investigator conflict of interest. FDAMA and guidance developed in response to it has helped circumstances in which FDA would rely on a single study to support effectiveness and the circumstances in which surrogate endpoints could support approval. An ICH Document 'Choice of control group and related design issues in clinical trials' focussed attention on the ethics of placebo controls (acceptable, even if there is existing therapy, when the placebo-treated patient will suffer no irreversible injury) and the design of 'equivalence' or 'non-inferiority' trials. There has been greatly increased attention to obtaining good dose-response information and to assessing need for modifying treatment in demographic (age, gender, race) and concomitant disease (renal or hepatic function abnormalities) subgroups, and in assessing drug-drug interactions. Other important trends are increasing reliance on non-U.S. data, increasing numbers of FDA-industry meetings during drug development, and new focus on risk assessment and risk management.
journal_name
Stat Medjournal_title
Statistics in medicineauthors
Temple Rdoi
10.1002/sim.1298subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-10-15 00:00:00pages
2939-48issue
19eissn
0277-6715issn
1097-0258journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The first randomized clinical trial at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), planned in 1954, commenced in 1955 for the treatment of patients with acute leukaemia. The programme in clinical trials at NCI had strong influence from the clinician and administrator, C. Gordon Zubrod, who introduced the randomized clinical ...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,历史文章,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1002/sim.4780090803
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Longitudinal designs are important in medical research and in many other disciplines. Complete longitudinal studies, in which each subject is evaluated at each measurement occasion, are often very expensive and motivate a search for more efficient designs. Recently developed statistical methods foster the use of inten...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4780111411
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journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.2309
更新日期:2006-07-30 00:00:00
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journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
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更新日期:2007-09-10 00:00:00
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journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.8523
更新日期:2020-06-30 00:00:00
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journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4780120703
更新日期:1993-04-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2000-11-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.2260
更新日期:2006-03-30 00:00:00
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journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.7051
更新日期:2016-12-10 00:00:00
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journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.1787
更新日期:2004-05-30 00:00:00
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journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.5595
更新日期:2013-03-30 00:00:00
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journal_title:Statistics in medicine
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doi:10.1002/sim.5324
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journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.1796
更新日期:2004-06-30 00:00:00
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journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1097-0258(20000915/30)19:17/18<2539::aid-s
更新日期:2000-09-15 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Statistics in medicine
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2013-04-30 00:00:00
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journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
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