Immunomodulatory vaccination in autoimmune disease.

abstract：:Morbid obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the United States. Unfortunately, medical interventions have been largely ineffective in this growing population. Currently bariatric surgery is the most effective intervention in managing morbid obesity and its comorbidities. As more patients become eligible for and ...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Stocker DJ

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level currently is used as the major determinant of lipid- and lipoprotein-associated risk for ischemic cardiovascular disease, and varying levels have become the standard goals of lipid-altering treatment. The predictive value of the LDL-C cholesterol level, however, often ...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Lau JF,Smith DA

更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pheochromocytomas cause the most dramatic life-threatening crises in all of endocrinology. Pheochromocytoma is an explosive clinical syndrome that may be characterized by either severe hypertension associated with cerebral, cardiac, and renal complications or hypotension, or even shock and sudden death. Other emergenc...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Bravo EL,Gifford RW Jr

更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypergonadotropic forms of amenorrhea in young women are many and varied, and the disorder is not nearly as uncommon as previously believed. It is likely that all physicians seeing women with amenorrhea will encounter this disorder. Careful evaluation is warranted to eliminate any associated autoimmune disorders. Beca...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Rebar RW,Cedars MI

更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute hyperkalemia can be a life-threatening consequence of a variety of pathologic, pharmacologic, and iatrogenic disorders. Recognition and prompt therapy often reverse the electrophysiologic complications within minutes. Therefore, physicians must have a thorough understanding of potassium homeostasis. The causes o...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Clark BA,Brown RS

更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Health care providers and patients have lots of choice to treat type 2 diabetes, but the blood glucose improvement is limited. The one therapy with unlimited potential (at least theoretically) is insulin. Many studies show that glucose control is achievable with insulin safely in most patients with type 2 diabetes. Ef...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Leahy JL

更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the last few years, there have been remarkable advances in the development of new and more sophisticated genetic techniques. These have allowed a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of genetically determined pediatric endocrine disorders and are paving the way for a radical change in diagnosis and trea...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Tenore A,Driul D

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article summarizes the clinical features and molecular pathogenesis of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) and focuses on the current use of molecular, biochemical, and imaging disease markers as a basis for selection of appropriate therapy. Clinicians treating patients who have MTC face the following challenges: (1) ...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Ball DW

更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A small abut important subset of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer will die of disease. Our approach to therapy treats almost all patients similarly, with aggressive surgery and I-131 therapy. Meticulous follow-up should include multiple I-131 diagnostic scans using at least 5 to 10 mCi of I-131 with attenti...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Sweeney DC,Johnston GS

更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Exercise is an important component of behavioral weight control interventions, and exercise may be most effective for weight control when combined with modifications to energy intake. Clinicians should initially encourage overweight and obese adults to adopt at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Jakicic JM

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hyperglycemia is common during pregnancy, involving multisystem adaptations. Pregnancy-induced metabolic changes increase insulin resistance. Pregnancy-induced insulin resistance adds to preexisting insulin resistance. Preexisting pancreatic β-cell defect compromises the ability to enhance insulin secretion, leading t...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Kapur A,McIntyre HD,Hod M

更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prolactin-secreting pituitary tumors are not rare. The diagnosis of a patient with hyperprolactinemia and possible tumor should be carried out in an orderly fashion by first excluding secondary causes. If the patient has pathologic hyperprolactinemia, assessment of pituitary anatomy with a high resolution CT scan (or ...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Vance ML,Thorner MO

更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transgender persons receiving gender-affirming hormone therapy and procedures may face specific skin conditions. Skin diseases in transgender patients often are underdiagnosed and underrecognized despite their important impact on quality of life and mental health. This article discusses pathophysiology, diagnosis, and...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Yeung H,Kahn B,Ly BC,Tangpricha V

更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lifestyle modification is the cornerstone treatment of type 2 diabetes in the obese patient, and is highly effective at promoting glucose regulation. However, many individuals struggle over time to maintain optimal glycemic control and/or body weight with lifestyle modification. Therefore, additional therapeutic appro...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Malin SK,Kashyap SR

更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glucocorticoids mainly act through binding to cytosolic receptors that translocate to the nucleus after ligand binding, and dimerize to affect gene transcription in multiple fashions. The liganded receptors may interact with DNA at specific glucocorticoid responsive-elements, may physically hinder the ability of other...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Yanovski JA,Cutler GB Jr

更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:With building pressure for cost-containment of medical expenditures, the medical community is finding it increasingly necessary to justify its procedures and systems of care. The analysis of health care outcomes has been extensively applied to diabetes care as a means of determining the process by which optimal outcom...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Ratner RE

更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The authors provide an extensive and comprehensive review of dyslipoproteinemia in children. An effective program for CVD reduction in this population will include an accessible screening program to identify high-risk children, high-quality measurements of TC and LP-C, careful follow-up of screening results with multi...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Franklin FA Jr,Brown RF,Franklin CC

更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Primary aldosteronism used to be considered a rare cause of secondary hypertension. However, accruing evidence indicates that primary aldosteronism is more common than previously recognized. The implications of this increased prevalence are important to public health because autonomous aldosterone production contribut...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Hundemer GL,Vaidya A

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Skin manifestations associated with diabetes mellitus are common and, with close scrutiny, can occur in most, if not all, patients. Little information is available on what common pathophysiologic thread is responsible for the skin manifestation and diabetes. Although controlled studies are lacking, a recognition of th...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Sibbald RG,Landolt SJ,Toth D

更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article describes the basic skills for the design, implementation, and interpretation of randomized controlled studies. Strengths and limitations of each study design are discussed. Epidemiologic issues in the analysis and interpretation of studies, such as loss to follow-up and biases, are included. Numerous cli...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Salamone LM,Cauley JA

更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Both somatostatin analogues, which bind to the somatostatin receptor subtypes 2 and 5, and dopamine agonists, which are specific for the D2 receptor, have been used to treat acromegaly. Each of these classes of drugs contains several compounds that vary in duration of action, efficacy, and side effect profile. Althoug...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Newman CB

更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rates of obesity counseling are low among physicians because of the lack of time and training in this area. In recognition of this challenge, recent national guidelines encourage physicians to refer patients with obesity to intensive, comprehensive lifestyle programs to lose weight. Some commercial weight-loss program...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Gudzune KA,Clark JM

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review has highlighted some of the experimental studies in animals and humans that have shown an important link between dietary change and atherosclerosis. This relationship was further supported by population studies showing a key role for saturated fat intake in the determination of serum cholesterol level and ...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Stone NJ

更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Raloxifene, the first of the second-generation of SERMs to be widely available, represents a significant improvement over tamoxifen. It prevents postmenopausal bone loss and reduces the incidence of vertebral fractures and of new breast cancer cases in osteoporotic patients without stimulating the endometrium. The sug...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Fontana A,Delmas PD

更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There are several objectives to be achieved during the diagnostic evaluation of a male partner of an infertile partnership. The first is to identify whether or not there is a male factor present and, if so, whether this is attributable to an underlying medical illness. The second is to identify the cause of reduced ma...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Jarow JP

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:More than 80% of women experience psychologic or physical symptoms in the late reproductive years, with varying degrees of severity and disruption in their lives. Patients and clinicians have misconceptions about what changes are considered "normal" or"abnormal" during this period. Of importance to clinicians, large-s...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Gracia CR,Freeman EW

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The 3243A>G mutation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a genetic variant that is associated with a high risk of developing diabetes during life. Enhanced aging of pancreatic beta-cells, a reduced capacity of these cells to synthesize large amounts of insulin,and a resetting of the ATP/ADP-regulated K-channel seem to be ...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Maassen JA,Jahangir Tafrechi RS,Janssen GM,Raap AK,Lemkes HH,'t Hart LM

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An approach to the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with osteoporosis is described. A system of classification of vertebral fractures is outlined, and the relative merits of different techniques for bone mineral density are discussed. The importance of identifying factors that accelerate bone loss is stressed. The ...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Eastell R,Riggs BL

更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glucose intolerance and diabetes are common complications of cystic fibrosis (CF), affecting up to 75% of the adult population. This article discusses the prevalence and pathophysiology of glucose tolerance abnormalities in CF, and reviews recent recommendations for diagnosis, screening, and management of CF-related d...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Hardin DS,Moran A

更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Women who cannot or choose not to take estrogens do have alternatives; however, the options are few and unproven in longterm clinical trials with respect to safety and efficacy. Many available alternative treatments may alleviate the symptoms of the menopause, but do not convey long-term protection against osteoporosi...

journal_title：Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

authors： Hendrix SL

更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00