Abstract:
AIMS:The effect of high organic loading rate (OLR) on the physical characteristics of aerobic granules was studied. METHODS AND RESULTS:Two column-type sequential aerobic sludge blanket reactors were fed with either glucose or acetate as the main carbon source, and the OLR was gradually raised from 6 to 9, 12 and 15 kg chemical oxygen demand (COD) m(-3) d(-1). Glucose-fed granules could sustain the maximum OLR tested. At a low OLR, these granules exhibited a loose fluffy morphology dominated by filamentous bacteria. At higher OLRs, these granules became irregularly shaped, with folds, crevices and depressions. In contrast, acetate-fed granules had a compact spherical morphology at OLRs of 6 and 9 kg COD m(-3) d(-1), with better settling and strength characteristics than glucose-fed granules at similar OLRs. However, acetate-fed granules could not sustain high OLRs and disintegrated when the OLR reached 9 kg COD m(-3) d(-1). CONCLUSIONS:The compact regular microstructure of the acetate-fed granules appeared to limit mass transfer of nutrients at an OLR of 9 kg COD m(-3) d(-1). The looser filamentous microstructure of the glucose-fed granules and the subsequent irregular morphology delayed the onset of diffusion limitation and allowed significantly higher OLRs to be attained. SIGNIFICNACE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: High organic loading rates are possible with aerobic granules. This research would be helpful in the development of aerobic granule-based systems for high-strength wastewaters.
journal_name
Lett Appl Microbioljournal_title
Letters in applied microbiologyauthors
Moy BY,Tay JH,Toh SK,Liu Y,Tay STdoi
10.1046/j.1472-765x.2002.01108.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-01-01 00:00:00pages
407-12issue
6eissn
0266-8254issn
1472-765Xpii
1108journal_volume
34pub_type
杂志文章abstract:AIMS:The objective of this study is to actively express a novel fibrinolytic enzyme, subtilisin DFE (douchi fibrinolytic enzyme), in Escherichia coli. METHODS AND RESULTS:The DNA fragments encoding pro-subtilisin DFE was amplified and cloned into the vector pET32a to obtain N-terminal Trx fusion expression plasmid. Th...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2005.01715.x
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:In traditional Thai medicine, nutgall of Quercus infectoria G. Olivier is well-documented as an effective agent for wound and skin infections. The present study was aimed to establish modes of action of the ethanol extract of the plant as well as its main constituents to induce anti-methicillin-resistant Staphyloc...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2011.03041.x
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different caffeine concentrations (0-4%) on (i) lag phase prior to growth, (ii) growth rates and (iii) ochratoxin A (OTA) production by strains from the Aspergillus section Circumdati and Aspergillus section Nigri groups, isolated from coffee, when gr...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/lam.12586
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS: We evaluated risks associated with diaper changing in Finnish kindergartens where children were using either modern disposable paper or reusable cloth diapers. METHODS AND RESULTS: We determined enteric micro-organisms and ammonia in diaper-changing rooms in four kindergartens in autumn and winter in the ambie...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2012.03230.x
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Candida-associated denture stomatitis presents as erythema of the palatal mucosa and is caused by biofilms containing the fungus Candida albicans that co-reside with oral bacteria on the denture-fitting surface. This study aimed to assess the effect of several frequently encountered oral bacteria on the expression of ...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/lam.13145
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this research was to develop novel cellulose acetate (biopolymer) composite materials with an excellent antimicrobial activity by embedding molybdenum trioxide particles with unique high specific surface area. High surface area molybdenum trioxide particles were prepared from freshly precipitated moly...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/lam.12670
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To evaluate the genetic diversity within the species Paenibacillus polymyxa. METHODS:Southern hybridization was performed on 102 strains of P. polymyxa using DNA from the phage IPy1 as a probe. RESULTS:All 102 strains hybridized to phage IPy1 DNA. Data from different hybridization patterns obtained were used to ...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1472-765x.2002.01132.x
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To survey for hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) contamination in edible bivalve shellfish. METHODS AND RESULTS:A total of 213 shellfish (52 oysters, 69 cockles and 92 mussels) collected from a culture farm and two retailed markets were investigated for HAV and HEV contamination by reverse transc...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2011.03152.x
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:The objective of this work was to purify the tyrosinase from Bacillusthuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Bt) (CCTCC AB 90010) and study its enzymatic properties. METHODS AND RESULTS:A 'one-step' purification method was used in this work, which was an easy, high-yield purification method. Tyrosinase activity of this pu...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2004.01599.x
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:The objective of this study was to identify compounds responsible for medicinal off-flavours produced by different species and strains of Alicyclobacillus in orange juice using a combination of chromatographic-coupled olfactometric techniques and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). METHODS AND RESULTS:E...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2004.01636.x
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:This study evaluated the inactivation of virulent Yersinia pestis dried on polymers, steel, and glass surfaces using vapour-phase hydrogen peroxide. METHODS AND RESULTS:A suspension of Y. pestis CO92 (1.70 x 10(8) CFU) was dried on 10 different types of test surfaces and exposed to vapour-phase hydrogen peroxide ...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1472-765x.2008.02421.x
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To test the suitability of cheese whey powder (CWP) solution for ethanol fermentation and to compare performances of different Kluyveromyces marxianus strains for ethanol fermentation from CWP solution. METHODS AND RESULTS:Batch ethanol fermentation of cheese whey (CW), CWP and lactose solutions with the same ini...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2007.02132.x
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To isolate, characterize and identify lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the vineyards where koshu grapes, a primary wine grape cultivar in Japan, are grown. METHODS AND RESULTS:Sixty samples, including leaves, undamaged grape berries and soil under damaged berries, were collected at four koshu vineyards in Yamanashi ...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2008.02398.x
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of buoyant density centrifugation (BDC) to prepare samples for PCR analysis of food pathogens is described. Blue cheese and milk homogenates were inoculated with Shigella flexneri and layered on top of Percoll media. After BDC, the food homogenates remained in the upper part of the centrifuge tube, separated f...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1472-765x.1997.00069.x
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Antibiotic-resistant Salmonella strains were isolated from saladette and red round type tomatoes, and an analysis done of the antibacterial activity of roselle calyx extracts against any of the identified strains. One hundred saladette tomato samples and 100 red round tomato samples were collected from publi...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/lam.12528
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Knowledge of the composition of the colonic microbiota is important for our understanding of how the balance of these microbes is influenced by diet and the environment, and which bacterial groups are important in maintaining gut health or promoting disease. Molecular methodologies have advanced our understanding of t...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2007.02129.x
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of liquid mechanical vibration on the adhesion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells to the internal glass surface of a pipette was studied using a 25 Hz vibration source. The maximum vibration amplitude was 1.06 mm (peak to peak) along the pipette direction. Relative movements between the pipette and yeast sus...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1472-765x.1996.tb00022.x
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:The number of naphtha plants is being reduced due to a worldwide shift in energy sources. Consequently, a shortage of chemical materials heavily dependent on naphtha-oil, especially C4 compounds such as butene and butane-diol, is an urgent issue in chemical manufacturing. Erythritol is a rare C4 compound pro...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/lam.12391
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:The use of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR fingerprinting and plasmid profiles to determine at the strain level, the similarity of Lactococcus lactis isolates obtained during sampling of traditional cheeses and to verify its correspondence to the selected phenotypic characteristics. METHODS AND RESU...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2006.02012.x
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:Strains of Clostridium butyricum have been increasingly used as probiotics for both animals and humans. The aim of this study was to develop a growth medium for cultivating C. butyricum ZJUCB using a statistical methodology. METHODS AND RESULTS:Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the effects o...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2004.01595.x
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Bacterial vaginosis is a frequent dysbiosis, where the normal lactobacillus-dominated flora is replaced by an anaerob/aerob polymicrobial flora. Bacterial vaginosis increases the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections (STI) including the most frequent Chlamydia trachomatis infections. Intravaginal...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/lam.12625
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the acid and salt adaptation in a cheese-based medium on the virulence potential of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from cheese and dairy processing environment using the Galleria mellonella model. Four L. monocytogenes strains were exposed to a che...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/lam.12064
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Actinomyces viscosus strain GA produces an exocellular biological retardant(s) that prevents certain vegetable plants from becoming overgrown. The biological retardant(s) was assayed using the etiolated wheat coleoptile assay, and fractionation of culture supernatant fluid resulted in a partial purification of the ret...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1472-765x.1997.00178.x
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) is proving to be a useful technique in studying the epidemiology of micro-organisms. The technique can be troublesome and time consuming to establish due to the essentially empirical approach to optimization. By standardization of certain parameters and use of a commercia...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1472-765x.1997.00385.x
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay based on a TaqMan-minor groove binder (MGB) probe was developed for the rapid detection of avian influenza virus subtype H5. METHODS AND RESULTS:Conserved regions in the haemagglutinin genes of avian influenza viruses subtype H5 served as ta...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2007.02253.x
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leuconostoc strains were characterized according to their antibiotic susceptibilities, carbohydrate fermentation profiles, sucrase activity patterns and plasmid content. All the strains tested were resistant to the antibiotics sulphathiazole, trimethoprim and vancomycin, and could be separated into two groups based on...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1472-765x.2001.00891.x
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS: To develop a new instrument of great versatility for recovering micro-organisms from all types of food samples and to compare the effects with existing sample preparation methods. METHODS AND RESULTS: To detach micro-organisms from large-size unbroken food samples such as apples, carrots, potatoes and tomatoes w...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2012.03289.x
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::From a genomic library of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae a 1.3 kb DNA fragment was cloned which showed specific Southern hybridization and dot hybridization with the type strain of several porcine and bovine Mycoplasma species. This probe selectively recognized M. hyopneumoniae sequences in purified DNA or in broth-grown or...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1472-765x.1991.tb00551.x
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Staphylococcus aureus LZ-01 was isolated from the Yellow River upstream from Lanzhou which can resist and reduce chromium (VI) to chromium (III). In this study, strain LZ-01's uranium (VI) resistance and adsorption abilities were investigated. Our results showed that it can resist 2 mmol l(-1) U(VI) and adso...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/lam.12310
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stress response in Enterococcus faecalis ATCC19433 was investigated. A 2.4 mmol l-1 H2O2 pretreatment conferred protection against a lethal concentration (45 mmol l-1) of this agent. The relatively high concentrations of H2O2 used for adaptation and challenge treatments in Ent. faecalis em...
journal_title:Letters in applied microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1472-765x.1998.00325.x
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00