Abstract:
:1. The maintenance of skeletal muscle mass is determined by a fine balance between protein synthesis and protein degradation. Skeletal mass is increased when there is a net gain in protein synthesis, which can occur following progressive exercise training. In contrast, skeletal muscle mass is lost when degradation occurs more rapidly than synthesis and is observed in numerous conditions, including neuromuscular disease, chronic disease, ageing, as well as following limb immobilization or prolonged bed rest due to injury or trauma. 2. Understanding the molecular pathways that regulate skeletal muscle protein synthesis and degradation is vital for identifying potential therapeutic targets that can attenuate muscle atrophy during disease and disuse. 3. The regulation of skeletal mass is complex and involves the precise coordination of several intracellular signalling pathways. The present review focuses on the role and regulation of pathways involving Akt, atrogin-1 and muscle ring finger-1 (MuRF1; atrogenes), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) and striated activator of Rho signalling (STARS), with exercise and disease.
journal_name
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physioljournal_title
Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiologyauthors
Russell APdoi
10.1111/j.1440-1681.2009.05265.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-03-01 00:00:00pages
378-84issue
3eissn
0305-1870issn
1440-1681pii
CEP5265journal_volume
37pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::1. Sulfur dioxide (SO(2) ) has recently been found to have various biological effects on the cardiovascular system. The present study was designed to explore the effects of SO(2) derivatives on the L-type calcium current (I (Ca, L) ) in isolated rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. 2. A Langendorf system was used to dissoc...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2011.05528.x
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The effect of propofol on cardiac whole-cell sodium currents and single sodium channels in rat isolated ventricular myocytes was examined using patch-clamp techniques. 2. Propofol caused a block of the whole-cell sodium current, the potency of block depending on the holding potential. When cells were held at -90 mV...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1998.tb02360.x
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of the present study was to identify the differential proteins that synchronously change in urine and glomeruli and could be used to monitor glomerular lesions of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). The proteomes of urine and glomeruli from four IgAN patients who were graded III/IV according to the grading system of L...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1440-1681.12733
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Telomeres (ends of chromosomes) undergo constant remodelling during cell development, proliferation and differentiation, as well as in neoplastic cell immortalization and transformation. How the cellular microenvironment influences telomere remodelling (lengthening or shortening) remains largely unknown. 2. Recentl...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2009.05251.x
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The effects of ATP and some of its more stable analogues have been examined upon preparations of epididymal and prostatic halves of vasa deferentia and of cauda epididymides from rats that had undergone vasectomy by medial transection of the vas deferens. 2. After unilateral vasectomy, the potencies of ATP, beta, g...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1990.tb01358.x
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. It has been proposed that hypertension alters the respiratory and cardiovascular responses to chemoreceptor stimulation. However, in studies of human hypertension or in genetic animal models of hypertension it has been difficult to unequivocally attribute the changes to hypertension per se, rather than to a genetic...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1997.tb01812.x
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1440-1681.2002.03625.x
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Obstruction of the upper airway could be an initiating factor in the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). Responses to upper airway obstruction include augmentation of respiratory efforts, active dilation of the upper airway and electrocortical arousal. Vulnerable individuals may fail to mount these responses effec...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1995.tb02063.x
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The effects of diphenylene iodonium (DPI), an inhibitor of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent oxidases (which generate superoxide anions), were studied on nitric oxide (NO)-mediated responses in isolated preparations of the rat aorta and anococcygeus muscle. 2. In aortic rings, the endoth...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1993.tb01661.x
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1985.tb00885.x
更新日期:1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) dalteparin is used, for example, to prevent primary venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing surgery or in medically ill patients. The anticoagulant activity of dalteparin can be monitored by measuring anti-factor Xa levels and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2011.05593.x
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have shown that endothelin (ET)-1 stimulates thromboxane (Tx)A(2) production and so we hypothesized that inhibiting prostanoid TP receptors would prevent the pressor and intrarenal haemodynamic response to an acute infusion of ET-1. 2. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were anaesthetized with Inactin (Sigma Ch...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2006.04354.x
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Metformin is one of the most commonly used drugs for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes. Accumulating evidence suggests that metformin also has cardioprotective effects. In the present study, we investigated the cardioprotective effects of metformin and the mechanisms involved. 2. A rat model of chronic heart failure...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2010.05470.x
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of L-thyroxine on serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity using a sheep model was examined. Following two weeks of L-thyroxine treatment, the activity of serum angiotensin converting enzyme was increased from 6.92 U/ml to 8.65 U/ml (s.e.m. = 0.40, n = 13, P less than 0.01). Discontinuation of L-thyroxi...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1986.tb00945.x
更新日期:1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Contrast media are considered to cause acute kidney injury by activating various factors that induce renal vasoconstriction. We analysed the renal microvascular haemodynamic response using the Doppler flow wire method. Then changes in urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein levels following contrast medium admin...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1111/1440-1681.12653
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) demonstrate a high burden of vascular disease. This vascular disease is unusual by way of a preponderance of medial calcification. Further, traditional cardiovascular risk factors fail to fully explain the high cardiovascular event rate in this population. 2. The present r...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04660.x
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. This study aimed to characterize the effect of nicorandil (NC) on myocardial stunning and the role of ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channel opening property in its cardioprotective action. 2. In open-chest anaesthetized rabbits, myocardial stunning was induced by 10 min of coronary occlusion followed by 30 min of reperfu...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1993.tb01746.x
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Hepatic sulphobromophthalein (BSP) transport was studied in guinea-pigs pretreated intraperitoneally with 0.7 ml of diethyl maleate to depress hepatic glutathione levels. 2. Diethyl maleate depressed the hepatic transport of infused conjugated BSP from hepatocytes into bile without influencing hepatic uptake. 3. Un...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1980.tb00117.x
更新日期:1980-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tiron functions as an effective antioxidant alleviating the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) or the acute toxic metal overload. Previous studies have shown that cardiac myocyte apoptosis can be effectively inhibited by tiron administration in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, primary neonatal rat ...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1440-1681.12762
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1440-1681.2001.03499.x
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of acute versus chronic ADH administration on the handling of sodium, potassium and water by the nephron. Simultaneous clearance and free-flow micropuncture experiments were performed on rats, infused with hypotonic Ringer solution, following either 1-3 h ('acute') or...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1989.tb01531.x
更新日期:1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study hypothesized that different types of anaesthesia management would result in similar postoperative sleep quality. In this prospective single-blind investigation, 219 patients undergoing elective thoracic surgery were randomized into three arms: general anaesthesia, as the control group (group C); general ana...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/1440-1681.12530
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Currently, there is no satisfactory treatment for pulmonary fibrosis. Emodin, a component in Chinese herbs, has been shown to have an antifibrotic effect on pancreatic fibrosis and liver fibrosis. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that emodin may attenuate the development of pulmonary fibrosis. 2. Mice...
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doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.05048.x
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alcohol-induced hypertension is well recognized with clear evidence for a direct pressor effect of chronic alcohol consumption provided by a number of intervention studies in humans. In experimental animals, the effect of alcohol on blood pressure is less consistent; however, in Sprague-Dawley rats, alcohol feeding co...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2006.04337.x
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The differential identification of the angiotensin AT1A and AT1B receptor subtypes is impaired by the existing>96% homology of both receptors. In the present study, we characterized two polyclonal rabbit peptide antibodies, namely alpha-AT1A and alpha-AT1B, that recognize the C-terminal region of mouse AT1A and AT1...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04288.x
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. A comparison has been made of the effects of three acetylcholine antagonists--hexamethonium, tubocurarine and pancuronium--on maximal tetani of limb muscles of cats under chloralose anaesthesia. In most experiments, the indirectly stimulated soleus muscle was studied, but observations were also made on the tibialis...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1976.tb00636.x
更新日期:1976-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The possibility that serotonin (5HT) nerve endings in the dorsomedial medulla oblongata participate in the control of blood pressure was investigated in stroke-prone hypertensive rats and in normotensive rats. 5HT nerves were destroyed by injecting 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine bilaterally into the solitary tract nucleus. I...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1983.tb00196.x
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Pressor responsiveness to angiotensin II (AII) and phenylephrine (PHE) was measured before and after 5 days of ACTH (1 mg i.m. daily) in six normal men maintained on low sodium diet (15 mmol daily). 2. ACTH caused a significant increase in systolic blood pressure of 9 mmHg. 3. There was no change in pressor respons...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1987.tb00382.x
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Skeletal muscle is an important site for insulin to regulate blood glucose levels. It is estimated that skeletal muscle is responsible for ~80% of insulin-mediated glucose disposal in the post-prandial period. The classical action of insulin to increase muscle glucose uptake involves insulin binding to insulin recepto...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/1440-1681.12688
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Plasma concentrations of prorenin were determined in a transgenic animal model of nephropathy induced by overexpression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 in the juxtaglomerular apparatus. 2. In both female and male mice, plasma concentrations of prorenin were higher in transgenic than in non-transgenic anim...
journal_title:Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1440-1681.2000.03330.x
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00