Abstract:
:Geographic information systems and exploratory spatial analysis were used to describe the geographic characteristics of pilot fatality rates in 1983-1998 general aviation crashes within the continental United States. The authors plotted crash sites on a digital map; rates were computed at regular grid intersections and then interpolated by using geographic information systems. A test for significance was performed by using Monte Carlo simulations. Further analysis compared low-, medium-, and high-rate areas in relation to pilot characteristics, aircraft type, and crash circumstance. Of the 14,051 general aviation crashes studied, 31% were fatal. Seventy-four geographic areas were categorized as having low fatality rates and 53 as having high fatality rates. High-fatality-rate areas tended to be mountainous, such as the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachian region, whereas low-rate areas were relatively flat, such as the Great Plains. Further analysis comparing low-, medium-, and high-fatality-rate areas revealed that crashes in high-fatality-rate areas were more likely than crashes in other areas to have occurred under instrument meteorologic conditions and to involve aircraft fire. This study demonstrates that geographic information systems are a valuable tool for injury prevention and aviation safety research.
journal_name
Am J Epidemioljournal_title
American journal of epidemiologyauthors
Grabowski JG,Curriero FC,Baker SP,Li Gdoi
10.1093/aje/155.5.398subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-03-01 00:00:00pages
398-405issue
5eissn
0002-9262issn
1476-6256journal_volume
155pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Many epidemiologists have agreed that a refined estimate of the incubation period of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) would need a sample size of about 200 cases and appropriate statistical methods enabling the inclusion of cases with defined periods of exposure. However, no such studies have been reported so ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwj034
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Determining an accurate method of obtaining complete morbidity data is a long-standing challenge for epidemiologists. The authors compared the accuracy and completeness of existing California hospital discharge data with self-reports of recent hospitalizations and surgeries from participants in the California Teachers...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwg256
更新日期:2003-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Sibling aggregation of blood pressure has been shown in children 2 to 14 years of age. To determine the earliest age at which this finding is detectable, blood pressures were evaluated in 98 siblings from 43 black families with newborns. Variances of blood pressure scores were significantly greater among families than...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112247
更新日期:1976-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A multicenter prospective study has been designed to determine whether participation in an exercise program which produces a significant training effect will affect the recurrence rate in men who have survived an initial myocardial infarction. The control group consists of subjects who participate in a program involvi...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112174
更新日期:1975-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of invasive bacterial disease among children worldwide. The authors aimed to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, and serotype distribution of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) among Navajo children in the southwestern United States. Active population-b...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwh191
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In an epidemiologic study of 2982 bladder carcinoma patients and 5782 population controls from 10 geographic areas of the United States, the role of urinary tract infection and inflammation in the etiology of this neoplasm was evaluated. A history of urinary tract infection significantly elevated the risk of bladder c...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113768
更新日期:1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The receiver operating characteristic curve is a commonly used tool for evaluating biomarker usefulness in clinical diagnosis of disease. Frequently, biomarkers being assessed have immeasurable or unreportable samples below some limit of detection. Ignoring observations below the limit of detection leads to negatively...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwk011
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::To evaluate the role of parenteral and sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, we studied seronegative intravenous drug users recruited from 25 drug dependence treatment centers in northern Italy. All attending intravenous drug users were asked for their consent and screened for antibodies to human immuno...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116275
更新日期:1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Breast cancer is diagnosed at a younger age and a more advanced stage in African-American women than in White women. The authors investigated the effects of several factors, including race, on stage of breast cancer in women aged 20-54 years living in Atlanta, Georgia, and diagnosed between 1990 and 1992. A total of 2...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwm177
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A community sample made in the fall of 1972 in Durham County, North Carolina, and that consisted of 331 persons 65 years of age and older was assessed for adequacy of social support along three parameters: roles and available attachments, perceived social support, and frequency of social interaction. This approach to ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113351
更新日期:1982-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Long-term exposures to the stress and stimulation of different work, parenting, and partnership combinations might influence later life cognition. We investigated the relationship between women's work-family life histories and cognitive functioning in later life. Analyses were based on data from women born between 193...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwaa042
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The literature concerning social capital and health has grown exponentially during the past somewhat more than 10 years. The study by Kouvonen et al. (Am J Epidemiol 2008;167:1143-1151) is a longitudinal multilevel analysis of 33,577 public sector employees in Finland. The study shows a significant association between...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwn070
更新日期:2008-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Recent developments in population mathematics apply to measurement issues in epidemiology. In particular, they demonstrate explicitly the relations that prevail among incidence, prevalence, case-fatality, mortality, and duration of illness in a population at a moment in time, rather than in a cohort of persons followe...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/126.2.336
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the summer of 1991, four inmates from prison A in Upstate New York died of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis. To determine the extent of resistant tuberculosis at prison A and transmission patterns, the authors interviewed staff and reviewed medical records and inmate movement histories. Contact investigation resul...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117222
更新日期:1994-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::The present report evaluates a method for the determination of the maximal velocity of the outward sodium, potassium, chlorine (Na-K-Cl) cotransport in erythrocytes. The loading procedure was carried out using the ionophore nystatin. The technical error for this assay, based on concurrent analysis of randomized blind ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114602
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::How can the "strengths" of risk factors, in the sense of how well they discriminate cases from controls, be compared when they are measured on different scales such as continuous, binary, and integer? Given that risk estimates take into account other fitted and design-related factors-and that is how risk gradients are...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwv193
更新日期:2015-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Follicular lymphoma (FL) risk is strongly associated with germline genetic variation in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II. Cigarette smoking has been suggested to increase FL risk, primarily among women. We hypothesized that amino acids in HLA-antigen D-related β1 subunit (DRB1) interact with smoking in FL risk, ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kww118
更新日期:2017-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::The authors tested, by molecular hybridization, for hepatitis B virus DNA in serum specimens of 182 asymptomatic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) Greek carriers who were heterosexual partners of patients with acute hepatitis B (group A: 96 cases) or healthy subjects who were susceptible to hepatitis B (group B: 86 ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114698
更新日期:1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although psychotropic drug use has been associated with increased risk of falls in long-term care settings; this association may be confounded by the high prevalence of dementia and depression and other fall risk factors. This question was addressed in a prospective cohort study of recurrent falls among 282 ambulatory...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117619
更新日期:1995-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Diagnostic testing is recommended in women with "ovarian cancer symptoms." However, these symptoms are nonspecific. The ongoing Diagnosing Ovarian Cancer Early (DOVE) Study in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, provides diagnostic testing to women aged 50 years or older with symptoms lasting for more than 2 weeks and less than...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kww086
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1983/1984, a study of bone mass and fractures was begun in 827 women aged 20-80 years in three rural Iowa communities selected for the fluoride and calcium content of their community water supplies. The control community's water had a calcium content of 67 mg/liter and a fluoride content of 1 mg/liter. The higher-c...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115940
更新日期:1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stroke mortality is reported to be greater in blacks than in whites, but stroke incidence data for blacks and Hispanics are sparse. The aim of this study was to determine and compare stroke incidence rates among whites, blacks, and Hispanics living in the same urban community. A population-based incidence study was co...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009445
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two six-month randomized, controlled double-blind trials of the efficacy of virucidal nasal tissues in the prevention of natural colds were conducted in Charlottesville, Virginia, between 1983 and 1986. Tissues impregnated with malic and citric acids and sodium lauryl sulfate were used in both trials. Placebo tissues ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115059
更新日期:1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Celiac disease (CD) is associated with increased mortality rate and adverse pregnancy outcome, but little is known about offspring mortality rate. In this nationwide retrospective cohort study, we identified persons whose biopsy-verified CD was diagnosed in Sweden in 1969-2008. We compared mortality rates in children ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kws397
更新日期:2013-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::This paper illustrates how a microcomputer spreadsheet package can be used by epidemiologists to facilitate the computation of multiple logistic regression (MLR) probabilities, as well as odds ratios and associated confidence intervals, given the coefficients of the MLR model. By formatting a spreadsheet, data entry i...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114150
更新日期:1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the results of cohort studies on the association between alcohol and breast cancer are rather consistent, the current evidence is based solely on North American cohorts. Therefore, this association was evaluated in the Netherlands Cohort Study on diet and cancer, conducted since 1986 among 62,573 women aged 5...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117357
更新日期:1995-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that physical inactivity is an important determinant of numerous chronic diseases. However, self-reported estimates of physical activity contain measurement errors responsible for attenuating relative risk estimates. A validation study conducted in 2002-2003 at the Alberta Cance...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwm148
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiologic research that uses administrative records (rather than registries or clinical surveys) to identify cases for study has been increasingly restricted because of concerns about privacy, making unbiased population-based research less practicable. In their article, Nattinger et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2010;172(6...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwq219
更新日期:2010-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::An analysis of the familial aggregation of blood pressure (BP) was conducted to provide estimates of the role of genes and household environment in determining the phenotypic resemblance between biologically related family members. The biological model used for this analysis parameterizes the correlations between fami...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112830
更新日期:1979-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This case-control study evaluated the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer associated with genital exposure to various forms of powder application. Cases included all women aged 20-79 years in three counties of western Washington who were diagnosed with borderline or invasive ovarian cancer from 1986 through 1988; 64.3% ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009128
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00