Stress, deformation, and atelectasis of the lung.

Abstract:

:The lung parenchyma as a tissue has a rather unusual stress-strain relationship. A theoretical derivation of this relationship is presented which connects the surface tension and the tissue elastic stress in the alveolar septa with the alveolar geometry. The mathematical expression contains a few meaningful physical constants which can be determined by in vitro and in vivo experiments. With this stress-strain relationship, the general equations of lung mechanics are formulated, and solutions to some simpler problems are presented. First, the equilibrium of a lung subjected to a uniform inflation pressure (definition: alveolar air pressure - intrapleural pressure - pleural tension X mean curvature of pleura) is analyzed, and the stability of the equilibrium states with respect to small perturbations is examined. Second, an exact solution for a lung in a chest under the influence of gravity is presented; the solution is "exact," of course, for only a particular lung, but it can serve as a standard to check numerical procedures being developed in many laboratories. Finally, three types of possible atelectasis-planar, axial, and focal-are analyzed. The planar type can exist in a normally inflated lung, provided the layers of alveoli are forced to collapse toward a plane by some external agent. But axial atelectasis (alveoli collapse into a cylinder) can occur only if the dimension (at which the elastic tension in the alveolar septa vanishes). Similarly, focal atelectasis can occur only if the entire lung is smaller than the resting volume.

journal_name

Circ Res

journal_title

Circulation research

authors

Fung YC

doi

10.1161/01.res.37.4.481

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1975-10-01 00:00:00

pages

481-96

issue

4

eissn

0009-7330

issn

1524-4571

journal_volume

37

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Protein kinase Cepsilon interacts with and inhibits the permeability transition pore in cardiac mitochondria.

    abstract::Although functional coupling between protein kinase Cepsilon (PKCepsilon) and mitochondria has been implicated in the genesis of cardioprotection, the signal transduction mechanisms that enable this link and the identities of the mitochondrial proteins modulated by PKCepsilon remain unknown. Based on recent evidence t...

    journal_title:Circulation research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000069215.36389.8D

    authors: Baines CP,Song CX,Zheng YT,Wang GW,Zhang J,Wang OL,Guo Y,Bolli R,Cardwell EM,Ping P

    更新日期:2003-05-02 00:00:00

  • Heart Failure in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

    abstract::Patients with diabetes mellitus have >2× the risk for developing heart failure (HF; HF with reduced ejection fraction and HF with preserved ejection fraction). Cardiovascular outcomes, hospitalization, and prognosis are worse for patients with diabetes mellitus relative to those without. Beyond the structural and func...

    journal_title:Circulation research

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.311371

    authors: Kenny HC,Abel ED

    更新日期:2019-01-04 00:00:00

  • Caspase-dependent cell death mediates the early phase of aortic hypertrophy regression in losartan-treated spontaneously hypertensive rats.

    abstract::Blockade of angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptors induces smooth muscle cell (SMC) death and regression of aortic hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). We postulated that SMC death and vascular remodeling in this model may be attenuated by z-Val-Ala-Asp(OMe)-CH2F (z-VAD-fmk), a tripeptide inhibitor of cas...

    journal_title:Circulation research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000065619.36118.20

    authors: Marchand EL,Der Sarkissian S,Hamet P,deBlois D

    更新日期:2003-04-18 00:00:00

  • New Insights Into the Role of mTOR Signaling in the Cardiovascular System.

    abstract::The mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) is a master regulator of several crucial cellular processes, including protein synthesis, cellular growth, proliferation, autophagy, lysosomal function, and cell metabolism. mTOR interacts with specific adaptor proteins to form 2 multiprotein complexes, called mTORC1 (mTOR co...

    journal_title:Circulation research

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.311147

    authors: Sciarretta S,Forte M,Frati G,Sadoshima J

    更新日期:2018-02-02 00:00:00

  • Mechanisms responsible for the heterogeneous coronary microvascular response to nitroglycerin.

    abstract::Nitroglycerin dilates large (greater than or equal to 100 microns) but not small coronary arterial microvessels, and a putative metabolite of nitroglycerin, S-nitroso-L-cysteine, has been shown in vitro to dilate both large and small coronary microvessels. Based on this evidence, we tested the hypothesis that the lack...

    journal_title:Circulation research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1161/01.res.68.3.847

    authors: Kurz MA,Lamping KG,Bates JN,Eastham CL,Marcus ML,Harrison DG

    更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00

  • Noise-free visualization of microscopic calcium signaling by pixel-wise fitting.

    abstract:RATIONALE:Our insights into physiological and pathophysiological cardiac excitation-contraction coupling has greatly benefited from significant advancement in optical technologies such as high-speed confocal microscopy. This has pushed pixel dwell times into the time domain of nanoseconds, resulting in low signal-to-no...

    journal_title:Circulation research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.112.266403

    authors: Tian Q,Kaestner L,Lipp P

    更新日期:2012-06-22 00:00:00

  • Pi3kcb links Hippo-YAP and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways to promote cardiomyocyte proliferation and survival.

    abstract:RATIONALE:Yes-associated protein (YAP), the nuclear effector of Hippo signaling, regulates cellular growth and survival in multiple organs, including the heart, by interacting with TEA (transcriptional enhancer activator)-domain sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins. Recent studies showed that YAP stimulates cardiomyo...

    journal_title:Circulation research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.304457

    authors: Lin Z,Zhou P,von Gise A,Gu F,Ma Q,Chen J,Guo H,van Gorp PR,Wang DZ,Pu WT

    更新日期:2015-01-02 00:00:00

  • Three distinct types of Ca(2+) waves in Langendorff-perfused rat heart revealed by real-time confocal microscopy.

    abstract::Although Ca(2+) waves in cardiac myocytes are regarded as arrhythmogenic substrates, their properties in the heart in situ are poorly understood. On the hypothesis that Ca(2+) waves in the heart behave diversely and some of them influence the cardiac function, we analyzed their incidence, propagation velocity, and int...

    journal_title:Circulation research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1161/01.res.86.10.1093

    authors: Kaneko T,Tanaka H,Oyamada M,Kawata S,Takamatsu T

    更新日期:2000-05-26 00:00:00

  • Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: molecular pathways of the aging myocardium.

    abstract::Age-related diastolic dysfunction is a major factor in the epidemic of heart failure. In patients hospitalized with heart failure, HFpEF is now as common as heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. We now have many successful treatments for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, while specific treatment op...

    journal_title:Circulation research

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.302929

    authors: Loffredo FS,Nikolova AP,Pancoast JR,Lee RT

    更新日期:2014-06-20 00:00:00

  • Alteration of endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizations in porcine coronary arteries with regenerated endothelium.

    abstract::The present study was designed to test the ability of regenerated endothelium to evoke endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizations. Hyperpolarizations induced by serotonin and bradykinin were compared in isolated porcine coronary arteries with native or regenerated endothelium, 4 weeks after balloon endothelial denudatio...

    journal_title:Circulation research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1161/01.res.84.4.371

    authors: Thollon C,Bidouard JP,Cambarrat C,Delescluse I,Villeneuve N,Vanhoutte PM,Vilaine JP

    更新日期:1999-03-05 00:00:00

  • Vascular smooth muscle cells undergo telomere-based senescence in human atherosclerosis: effects of telomerase and oxidative stress.

    abstract::Although human atherosclerosis is associated with aging, direct evidence of cellular senescence and the mechanism of senescence in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in atherosclerotic plaques is lacking. We examined normal vessels and plaques by histochemistry, Southern blotting, and fluorescence in situ hybridizat...

    journal_title:Circulation research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000233315.38086.bc

    authors: Matthews C,Gorenne I,Scott S,Figg N,Kirkpatrick P,Ritchie A,Goddard M,Bennett M

    更新日期:2006-07-21 00:00:00

  • Early afterdepolarizations: mechanism of induction and block. A role for L-type Ca2+ current.

    abstract::Early afterdepolarizations (EADs) are a type of triggered activity found in heart muscle. We used voltage-clamped sheep cardiac Purkinje fibers to examine the mechanism underlying EADs induced near action potential plateau voltages with the Ca2+ current agonist Bay K 8644 and the effect of several interventions known ...

    journal_title:Circulation research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1161/01.res.64.5.977

    authors: January CT,Riddle JM

    更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00

  • Paired-related homeobox gene Prx1 is required for pulmonary vascular development.

    abstract::Herein, we show that the paired-related homeobox gene, Prx1, is required for lung vascularization. Initial studies revealed that Prx1 localizes to differentiating endothelial cells (ECs) within the fetal lung mesenchyme, and later within ECs forming vascular networks. To begin to determine whether Prx1 promotes EC dif...

    journal_title:Circulation research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000130656.72424.20

    authors: Ihida-Stansbury K,McKean DM,Gebb SA,Martin JF,Stevens T,Nemenoff R,Akeson A,Vaughn J,Jones PL

    更新日期:2004-06-11 00:00:00

  • Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-linked mutant troponin T causes stress-induced ventricular tachycardia and Ca2+-dependent action potential remodeling.

    abstract::The cardiac troponin T (TnT) I79N mutation has been linked to familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and high incidence of sudden death, despite causing little or no cardiac hypertrophy in patients. Transgenic mice expressing mutant human TnT (I79N-Tg) have increased cardiac contractility, but no ventricular hypertrophy...

    journal_title:Circulation research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000059562.91384.1A

    authors: Knollmann BC,Kirchhof P,Sirenko SG,Degen H,Greene AE,Schober T,Mackow JC,Fabritz L,Potter JD,Morad M

    更新日期:2003-03-07 00:00:00

  • Thin filament mutations: developing an integrative approach to a complex disorder.

    abstract::Sixteen years ago, mutations in cardiac troponin (Tn)T and α-tropomyosin were linked to familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, thus transforming the disorder from a disease of the β-myosin heavy chain to a disease of the cardiac sarcomere. From the outset, studies suggested that mutations in the regulatory thin filamen...

    journal_title:Circulation research

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.110.224170

    authors: Tardiff JC

    更新日期:2011-03-18 00:00:00

  • Expression of mutant p193 and p53 permits cardiomyocyte cell cycle reentry after myocardial infarction in transgenic mice.

    abstract::Previous studies have demonstrated that expression of p193 and p53 mutants with dominant-interfering activities renders embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes responsive to the growth promoting activities of the E1A viral oncoproteins. In this study, the effects of p53 and p193 antagonization on cardiomyocyte cell...

    journal_title:Circulation research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000132279.99249.f4

    authors: Nakajima H,Nakajima HO,Tsai SC,Field LJ

    更新日期:2004-06-25 00:00:00

  • Hrd1 and ER-Associated Protein Degradation, ERAD, are Critical Elements of the Adaptive ER Stress Response in Cardiac Myocytes.

    abstract:RATIONALE:Hydroxymethyl glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase degradation protein 1 (Hrd1) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligase that has been studied in yeast, where it contributes to ER protein quality control by ER-associated degradation (ERAD) of misfolded proteins that accumulate during ER str...

    journal_title:Circulation research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.306993

    authors: Doroudgar S,Völkers M,Thuerauf DJ,Khan M,Mohsin S,Respress JL,Wang W,Gude N,Müller OJ,Wehrens XH,Sussman MA,Glembotski CC

    更新日期:2015-08-28 00:00:00

  • Deficiency of Natriuretic Peptide Receptor 2 Promotes Bicuspid Aortic Valves, Aortic Valve Disease, Left Ventricular Dysfunction, and Ascending Aortic Dilatations in Mice.

    abstract:RATIONALE:Aortic valve disease is a cell-mediated process without effective pharmacotherapy. CNP (C-type natriuretic peptide) inhibits myofibrogenesis and osteogenesis of cultured valve interstitial cells and is downregulated in stenotic aortic valves. However, it is unknown whether CNP signaling regulates aortic valve...

    journal_title:Circulation research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.311194

    authors: Blaser MC,Wei K,Adams RLE,Zhou YQ,Caruso LL,Mirzaei Z,Lam AY,Tam RKK,Zhang H,Heximer SP,Henkelman RM,Simmons CA

    更新日期:2018-02-02 00:00:00

  • Balloon injury and interleukin-1 beta induce nitric oxide synthase activity in rat carotid arteries.

    abstract::Experiments were performed to investigate whether balloon injury induces nitric oxide synthase activity in the blood vessel wall. Contractions to phenylephrine were compared in left carotid arteries of the rat, previously injured by balloon catheterization and excised either immediately (t = 0), 6, or 24 hours after t...

    journal_title:Circulation research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1161/01.res.71.2.331

    authors: Joly GA,Schini VB,Vanhoutte PM

    更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00

  • Hypoxia-induced endothelial apoptosis through nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)-mediated bcl-2 suppression: in vivo evidence of the importance of NF-kappaB in endothelial cell regulation.

    abstract::The transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) plays a pivotal role in the coordinated transactivation of cytokine and adhesion molecule genes involved in endothelial activation. Although recent reports have documented the contribution of NF-kappaB to apoptosis, it is still controversial. Especially, the r...

    journal_title:Circulation research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1161/01.res.86.9.974

    authors: Matsushita H,Morishita R,Nata T,Aoki M,Nakagami H,Taniyama Y,Yamamoto K,Higaki J,Yasufumi K,Ogihara T

    更新日期:2000-05-12 00:00:00

  • Fetal blood volume responses to acute fetal hemorrhage.

    abstract::The purpose of this study was to explore the changes in fetal blood volume that occur after fetal hemorrhage. Fifteen unanesthetized, chronically catheterized fetal sheep averaging 130 +/- 3 (SD) days gestation were studied 4 to 6 (average 5) days after catheter implantation. The fetuses were hemorrhaged by continuous...

    journal_title:Circulation research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1161/01.res.52.6.730

    authors: Brace RA

    更新日期:1983-06-01 00:00:00

  • Collagen-stimulated human platelet aggregation is mediated by endogenous calcium-activated neutral protease.

    abstract::To clarify the physiological role of calcium-activated neutral protease (CANP) in human platelets, we loaded the platelets with a Ca2+ -sensitive fluorescent dye, fura-2, and measured the degree of aggregation, cytosolic calcium ion concentration [( Ca2+]i), and proteolysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel...

    journal_title:Circulation research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1161/01.res.64.2.407

    authors: Toyo-oka T,Shin WS,Okai Y,Dan Y,Morita M,Iizuka M,Sugimoto T

    更新日期:1989-02-01 00:00:00

  • The mechanism by which adenosine and cholinergic agents reduce contractility in rat myocardium. Correlation with cyclic adenosine monophosphate and receptor densities.

    abstract::The adenosine analogue phenylisopropyladenosine decreased the basal and isoproterenol-stimulated contractile state of isolated rat left atria. The ED50 levels for both responses were similar, suggesting that direct and antiadrenergic effects may be mediated by the same receptor. Phenylisopropyladenosine decreased the ...

    journal_title:Circulation research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1161/01.res.56.5.728

    authors: Linden J,Hollen CE,Patel A

    更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00

  • Wnt10b Gain-of-Function Improves Cardiac Repair by Arteriole Formation and Attenuation of Fibrosis.

    abstract:RATIONALE:Myocardial infarction causes irreversible tissue damage, leading to heart failure. We recently discovered that canonical Wnt signaling and the Wnt10b ligand are strongly induced in mouse hearts after infarction. Wnt10b regulates cell fate in various organs, but its role in the heart is unknown. OBJECTIVE:To ...

    journal_title:Circulation research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.306886

    authors: Paik DT,Rai M,Ryzhov S,Sanders LN,Aisagbonhi O,Funke MJ,Feoktistov I,Hatzopoulos AK

    更新日期:2015-10-09 00:00:00

  • Pharmacological treatment and current management of peripheral artery disease.

    abstract::Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) are at heightened risk of both systemic cardiovascular adverse events, as well as limb-related morbidity. The optimal management of patients with PAD requires a comprehensive treatment strategy incorporating both lifestyle changes, including smoking cessation and exercise,...

    journal_title:Circulation research

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.114.303505

    authors: Bonaca MP,Creager MA

    更新日期:2015-04-24 00:00:00

  • Calcium, its role in isoproterenol-stimulated atrial natriuretic peptide secretion by superfused rat atria.

    abstract::The beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol stimulates immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide (IR-ANP) secretion by superfused rat atria in vitro. beta-Adrenergic agonists alter the cellular handling of calcium, which culminates in a rise in the systolic calcium concentration. This is achieved by increasing calcium i...

    journal_title:Circulation research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1161/01.res.65.3.600

    authors: Schiebinger RJ

    更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00

  • Combined deficiency of dystrophin and beta1 integrin in the cardiac myocyte causes myocardial dysfunction, fibrosis and calcification.

    abstract::The dystrophin-glycoprotein complex is a large complex of membrane-associated proteins linking the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix in muscle. Transmembrane heterodimeric (alphabeta) integrins serve also as cellular adhesion molecules and mechanotransducers. In the animal model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy,...

    journal_title:Circulation research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.108.173153

    authors: Elsherif L,Huang MS,Shai SY,Yang Y,Li RY,Chun J,Mekany MA,Chu AL,Kaufman SJ,Ross RS

    更新日期:2008-05-09 00:00:00

  • Role of heart and lung receptors with nonmedullated vagal afferents in circulatory control.

    abstract::Vagal afferents from the cardiopulmonary region exert a tonic inhibition on the vasomotor center. This is demonstrated by constriction of systemic resistance and splanchnic capacitance vessels and by increased output of renin when the vagi are cut or blocked. In dogs, removal or selective denervation of organs showed ...

    journal_title:Circulation research

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1161/01.res.38.6.2

    authors: Thorén PN,Donald DE,Shepherd JT

    更新日期:1976-06-01 00:00:00

  • Molecular cloning and characterization of the intermediate-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel in vascular smooth muscle: relationship between K(Ca) channel diversity and smooth muscle cell function.

    abstract::Recent evidence suggests that functional diversity of vascular smooth muscle is produced in part by a differential expression of ion channels. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels (K(Ca) channels) in the expression of smooth muscle cell functional phenotype. We found t...

    journal_title:Circulation research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1161/01.res.85.9.e33

    authors: Neylon CB,Lang RJ,Fu Y,Bobik A,Reinhart PH

    更新日期:1999-10-29 00:00:00

  • Regulation of oxygen distribution in tissues by endothelial nitric oxide.

    abstract::Nitric oxide (NO) decreases cellular oxygen (O(2)) consumption by competitively inhibiting cytochrome c oxidase. Here, we show that endogenously released endothelial NO, either basal or stimulated, can modulate O(2) consumption both throughout the thickness of conductance vessels and in the microcirculation. Furthermo...

    journal_title:Circulation research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.109.197228

    authors: Victor VM,Nuñez C,D'Ocón P,Taylor CT,Esplugues JV,Moncada S

    更新日期:2009-05-22 00:00:00