Abstract:
:Aminocarbonyloxymethyl esters based on (S)-amino acid carriers were synthesised and evaluated as potential prodrugs of carboxylic acid agents. In addition, the compounds were evaluated as topical prodrugs with the aim of improving the dermal delivery of two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents: naproxen and flufenamic acid. The lipophilicities of these compounds were determined and their hydrolyses in aqueous solutions and in human plasma were examined. Compounds containing a secondary carbamate group were hydrolysed at pH 7.4 by two different routes: (i) direct nucleophilic attack at the ester carbonyl carbon leading to the release of the parent carboxylic acid and (ii) intramolecular rearrangement involving an O-->N acyl migration, leading to the formation of the corresponding amide. The rearrangement pathway is highly dependent on the size of the carboxylic acid and amino acid substituents, being eliminated when the amino acid is valine or leucine. In contrast, compounds decomposed in plasma exclusively through ester hydrolysis, most releasing the parent carboxylic acid quantitatively with half-lives shorter than 5 min. The permeation of selected prodrugs across excised postmortem human skin was studied in vitro. All prodrugs evaluated exhibited a lower flux than the corresponding parent carboxylic acid. The poor skin permeation observed for compounds is most probably due to their low aqueous solubility and high partition coefficient.
journal_name
Bioorg Med Chemjournal_title
Bioorganic & medicinal chemistryauthors
Mendes E,Furtado T,Neres J,Iley J,Jarvinen T,Rautio J,Moreira Rdoi
10.1016/s0968-0896(01)00336-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-03-01 00:00:00pages
809-16issue
3eissn
0968-0896issn
1464-3391pii
S0968089601003364journal_volume
10pub_type
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