Abstract:
UNLABELLED:Topical application of the antibacterial agent metronidazole is effective in the treatment of moderate to severe rosacea, although its mechanism of action has yet to be clearly established. Metronidazole preparations (0.75 and 1% cream, 0.75% gel and 0.75% lotion) were significantly more effective than placebo in patients with moderate to severe rosacea when administered to the affected area once or twice daily for 7 to 12 weeks. The mean number of papules and pustules decreased by between 48 and 65.1% during the treatment period. Reductions were fairly consistent regardless of formulation, strength or application frequency and were significant compared with placebo (p < 0.05). In 1 study, most of the overall effects of metronidazole were observed within the first 3 weeks. Although data are limited, topical metronidazole appears to improve inflammatory lesions and erythema as effectively as oral tetracyclines. Like tetracyclines, however, metronidazole has no effect on telangiectasia. Metronidazole 0.75% gel seems to be effective in maintaining remission of rosacea symptoms in patients successfully treated with both oral tetracycline and topical metronidazole. In the only study, 77% of patients treated with metronidazole gel compared with 58% of placebo recipients (p < 0.05) remained in remission 6 months after the tetracycline was stopped. The effects of topical metronidazole preparations on rosacea symptoms are palliative, not curative, but preliminary data suggest that relapse rates after cessation of therapy are no worse than those after cessation of oral oxytetracycline. Topical metronidazole formulations are generally well tolerated locally, with stinging, dryness, burning and itching reported in < or = 2% of patients. Because minimal concentrations of metronidazole are absorbed after topical administration, systemic adverse events and drug interactions seen with oral or intravenous metronidazole are unlikely. CONCLUSIONS:Topical metronidazole formulations are significantly more effective than placebo when used in the initial treatment of patients with moderate to severe rosacea. Furthermore, limited evidence suggests that the use of topical metronidazole alone may be as effective as oral tetracyclines against the disorder's inflammatory component. Therefore, for those patients with a preference for topical rather than oral therapy, the use of a topical metronidazole formulation must be a consideration.
journal_name
Am J Clin Dermatoljournal_title
American journal of clinical dermatologyauthors
McClellan KJ,Noble Sdoi
10.2165/00128071-200001030-00007subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-05-01 00:00:00pages
191-9issue
3eissn
1175-0561issn
1179-1888journal_volume
1pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) has been proposed as a treatment for toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS). A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted to examine the efficacy and safety of IVIg in TEN and SJS patients. Seventeen relevant articles (14 TEN, 3 SJS) were identif...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00128071-200607060-00004
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily that regulate lipid, glucose, and amino acid metabolism. More recently, PPARs and corresponding ligands have been shown in skin and other organs to regulate important cellular functions, including cell proliferation and...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00128071-200809010-00002
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cutaneous reactions to tattoos are not uncommon and various histologic patterns have been reported, including lichenoid, granulomatous, eczematous, and pseudolymphomatous reactions. Such patterns may develop with highly variable delay after the tattooing procedure. We report three strikingly similar cases of a fast-oc...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00128071-200809050-00009
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Methotrexate (MTX) is an effective treatment for psoriasis but its use is limited by its toxicity. Folate supplementation can be used to reduce the adverse effects of MTX, though this may impact efficacy. The frequency of folic acid supplementation is not well characterized. PURPOSE:The objective of this st...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40257-013-0017-9
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Evidence regarding what comprises effective education for acne vulgaris patients is lacking. Internet-based education may improve patient knowledge of this condition. OBJECTIVES:Our objective was to compare the effectiveness of standard web-based education and an automated counseling website in improving ac...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s40257-014-0104-6
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Skin disorders are the most common adverse reactions attributed to drugs. Any skin disorder can be imitated, induced or aggravated by drugs. To help you keep up-to-date with the very latest skin reactions occurring with both new and established drugs, this section of the journal brings you information selected from th...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00128071-200304050-00006
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A rapidly increasing number of people visit dermatologists for the prevention and treatment of aging skin. Sun avoidance and sunscreen use are widely accepted strategies of primary prevention against photoaging. Convincing evidence shows that topical application of retinoids has an effect on reversing, at least partia...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/11530210-000000000-00000
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic itch is a common skin manifestation in many connective tissue diseases. However, the cause of chronic itch in these diseases is still not fully understood. The complex, and in some cases incomplete understanding of, pathogenesis in each condition makes it difficult to target specific mediators of chronic itch....
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40257-016-0201-9
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microdermabrasion is a simple, safe, office cosmetic procedure in which aluminum oxide crystals or other abrasive substances are blown onto the face, then vacuumed off, using a single handpiece. This procedure has rapidly become widely utilized for a variety of cosmetic objectives, including the improvement of photoag...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00128071-200506020-00003
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an allergic disorder caused by both immunological dysregulation and epidermal barrier defect. Several studies have investigated the association between AD and mental health disorders. Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental conditions characte...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40257-015-0145-5
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Skin disorders are the most common adverse reactions attributed to drugs. Any skin disorder can be imitated, induced or aggravated by drugs. To help you keep up-to-date with the very latest skin reactions occurring with both new and established drugs, this section of the journal brings you information selected from th...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00128071-200203070-00009
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report a 47-year-old man with Wilson disease who developed bullous lesions on the trunk and extremities after 20 years of penicillamine treatment. The histologic and immunofluorescence findings were diagnostic of bullous pemphigoid. When penicillamine was replaced by zinc sulfate, the patient's bullous skin lesions...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/0128071-200910010-00006
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 46-year-old man developed Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis overlap, with severe localized denudation of the skin on the head and neck, following radiotherapy and oral temozolomide therapy for cranial glioblastoma multiforme. He also had a primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the thigh tha...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00128071-200910040-00007
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tildrakizumab (tildrakizumab-asmn in the USA) [Ilumetri®; Ilumya™] is a humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) that selectively targets the p19 subunit of interleukin (IL)-23, thereby inhibiting the IL-23/IL-17 axis, the signalling pathway primarily implicated in the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis. Administered subcutan...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40257-019-00435-9
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Disorders of cornification are a group of diseases that share abnormalities in the manufacture or desquamation of corneocytes. This paper reviews the major and a few of the rarer ones with a concentration on their therapy. Ichthyosis vulgaris is probably a post-translational defect in pro-filaggrin expression. It show...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00128071-200405010-00004
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Melanoma is a malignancy of pigment-producing cells that is driven by a variety of genetic mutations and aberrations. In most cases, this leads to upregulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway through activating mutations of upstream mediators of the pathway including BRAF and NRAS. With the adve...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40257-015-0159-z
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The connection between the brain and the skin is more than a physiologic fact. Skin conditions can impose great effects on every field in the patients' lives. Reciprocally, skin diseases can be evoked by psychological problems. A psychodermatology clinic is the format that enables dermatology patients to receive a com...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/11630950-000000000-00000
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::For nearly 50 years, thalidomide has struggled between success and controversy. After causing an epidemic of phocomelia and other birth defects during the 1960s, affecting thousands of neonates, thalidomide was used as a sedative in selective disorders including leprosy. The potent anti-inflammatory properties of thal...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00128071-200304060-00002
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abstract::The family of toll-like receptors (TLRs) plays a central role in the cutaneous immune defense system. To date, different TLRs have been found on several major cell populations of the skin, such as keratinocytes, fibroblasts, antigen-presenting cells, and melanocytes. Activation of TLRs leads, via different intracellul...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/11311110-000000000-00000
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abstract::Viral skin infections are common findings in organ transplant recipients. The most important etiological agents are the group of human herpesviruses (HHV), human papillomaviruses (HPV), and molluscum contagiosum virus. HHV that are important in this group of patients are herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2, varic...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00128071-200607010-00003
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journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00128071-200304020-00003
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abstract::Ocular diseases associated with atopic dermatitis (AD) may be sight-threatening. A general understanding of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of atopic eye disease may assist dermatologists in knowing when to refer to ophthalmology and in co-managing these diseases with ophthalmologists. Ocular diseases as...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::At least 20 clinically relevant factors affect percutaneous absorption of drugs and chemicals: relevant physico-chemical properties, vehicle/formulation, drug exposure conditions (dose, duration, surface area, exposure frequency), skin appendages (hair follicles, glands) as sub-anatomical pathways, skin application si...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:A meta-analysis of 3 major German studies conducted between 1989 and 1994 with cyclosporine in severe psoriasis was performed to allow an integrated evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of cyclosporine in this indication. DESIGN AND SETTING:All 3 studies were prospective, randomized, parallel group st...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.2165/00128071-200102010-00007
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is a reactive hypermelanosis and sequela of a variety of inflammatory skin conditions. PIH can have a negative impact on a patient's quality of life, particularly for darker-skinned patients. Studies show that dyschromias, including PIH, are one of the most common presenting co...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/11536930-000000000-00000
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A few studies in psoriasis vulgaris patients have reported changes suggesting red blood cell (RBC) damage is linked to neutrophil activation, oxidative stress, and psoriasis worsening. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to evaluate erythroid disturbances in Portuguese psoriasis vulgaris patients, before, d...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In monosymptomatic hypochondriacal psychosis (MHP), such as delusional infestation (DI), the patient has a fixed, false, encapsulated belief associated with tactile hallucinations (TH), most commonly formication, which is defined as cutaneous sensations of crawling, stinging, biting, etc., without evidence of infestat...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Subcutaneous adalimumab (Humira®) is a tumour necrosis factor-α blocker that is the only approved agent for the treatment of moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) in several countries worldwide. This article reviews the clinical efficacy and safety of subcutaneous adalimumab in patients with moderate to sev...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40257-016-0220-6
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alopecia areata (AA) is non-scarring hair loss resulting from an autoimmune disorder. Severity varies from patchy hair loss that often spontaneously resolves to severe and chronic cases that can progress to total loss of scalp and body hair. Many treatments are available; however, the efficacy of these treatments has ...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40257-016-0230-4
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) represents a group of inherited blistering skin diseases, some forms of which are associated with considerable morbidity and increased mortality. Notably, in recessive dystrophic EB there can be extensive muco-cutaneous fragility and disease complications such as scars, contractures, anemia,...
journal_title:American journal of clinical dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40257-013-0059-z
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00