Abstract:
OBJECTIVES:(i) to describe energy and macronutrient requirements in healthy and diseased elderly patients from knowledge acquired about the age-related changes in energy balance (ii) to describe changes in body composition and the consequences of physical activity and exercise programs. RESULTS:Aging in individuals considered healthy is associated with a reduction in muscle mass and strength (with consequences on autonomy), and an increase in fat mass mainly in the central area, the latter might increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Body composition changes can be seen as a positive energy (fat) balance. The reduced fat-free mass is responsible for a low resting metabolic rate. Therefore, energy requirements are reduced all the more since physical activity is decreased. A simple means for calculating individuals' energy requirements from estimated resting metabolic rate and physical activity is not yet available in a validated form and is much required. Protein requirements are still debated. Exercise programs can be implemented for increasing muscle mass and strength (resistance training) or for improving aerobic fitness and reducing fat mass (endurance exercise). It is not yet clear whether structured exercise programs or spontaneous physical activity have similar advantages. It is not known in which cases resistance, endurance, or a combination of both exercises should be recommended. The consequences of physical activity and exercise programs on energy and macronutrient requirements is not clear. Diseased elderly persons are prone to malnutrition which impairs clinical and functional outcome. Malnutrition is the result of an energy intake inadequate to match energy requirements. Literature is very short of data on energy requirements in diseased elderly persons, who are under the complex influences of stress (increasing resting energy requirements), reduced body mass and physical activity (reducing energy requirements), plus potential effects of drugs. Almost nothing is known about macronutrient requirements. CONCLUSIONS:Further studies are required to enable calculations of energy and macronutrient requirements of individuals, especially diseased. More work has to be done to understand the energy imbalance in the elderly (healthy and diseased). Careful evaluations of physical activity and exercise programs are necessary.
journal_name
Public Health Nutrjournal_title
Public health nutritionauthors
Ritz Pdoi
10.1079/phn2001141subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-04-01 00:00:00pages
561-8issue
2Beissn
1368-9800issn
1475-2727journal_volume
4pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and risk of incident diabetes in Hong Kong Chinese, after accounting for the effect of multiple bone- and mineral-related markers. DESIGN:We conducted a retrospective study on the Hong Kong Osteoporosis Study cohort. Incident diabete...
journal_title:Public health nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S136898001700129X
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Public health nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S1368980014000743
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S1368980015000774
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Public health nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S136898001700252X
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S1368980018002719
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S136898001100139X
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S1368980011002874
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Public health nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S1368980020003560
更新日期:2020-10-12 00:00:00
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journal_title:Public health nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1079/phn2005796
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Public health nutrition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S1368980016002032
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00