Abstract:
:The effects on reproductive tract development in male rats, of neonatal exposure to potent (reference) oestrogens, diethylstilboestrol (DES) and ethinyl oestradiol (EE), with those of two environmental oestrogens, octylphenol and hisphenol A were systematically compared. Other treatments, such as administration of a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRHa) or the anti-oestrogen tamoxifen or the anti-androgen flutamide, were used to aid interpretation of the pathways involved. All treatments were administered in the neonatal period before onset of puberty. The cellular sites of expression of androgen receptors (AR) and of oestrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha) and ERbeta were also established throughout development of the reproductive system. The main findings were as follows: (i) all cell types that express AR also express one or both ERs at all stages of development; (ii) Sertoli cell expression of ERbeta occurs considerably earlier in development than does expression of AR; (iii) most germ cells, including fetal gonocytes, express ERbeta but not AR; (iv) treatment with high, but not low, doses of potent oestrogens such as DES and EE, induces widespread structural and cellular abnormalities of the testis and reproductive tract before puberty; (v) the latter changes are associated with loss of immunoexpression of AR in all affected tissues and a reduction in Leydig cell volume per testis; (vi) none of the effects in (iv) and (v) can be duplicated by treating with high-dose octylphenol or bisphenol A; (vi) none of the reproductive tract changes in (iv) and (v) can be induced by simply suppressing androgen production (GnRHa treatment) or action (flutamide treatment); and (vii) the adverse changes induced by high-dose DES (iv and v) can be largely prevented by co-administration of testosterone. Thus, it is suggested that many of the adverse changes to the testis and reproductive tract induced by exposure to oestrogens result from a combination of high oestrogen and low androgen action. High oestrogen action or low androgen action on their own are unable to induce the same changes.
journal_name
Hum Reprod Updatejournal_title
Human reproduction updateauthors
Williams K,McKinnell C,Saunders PT,Walker M,Fisher JS,Turner KJ,Atanassova N,Sharpe Mdoi
10.1093/humupd/7.3.236subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-05-01 00:00:00pages
236-47issue
3eissn
1355-4786issn
1460-2369journal_volume
7pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:Reproductive disorders and infertility are associated with the risk of obstetric complications and have a negative impact on pregnancy outcome. Affected patients often require assisted reproductive technologies (ART) to conceive, and advanced maternal age is a further confounding factor. The challenge is to ...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmv044
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Relatively recent discoveries of the hormone disrupting properties of some pesticides have raised interest in how contemporary pesticide exposures, which primarily take the form of low level environmental or occupational exposures, impact spermatogenesis. The objective of the present review was to summarize results to...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Endometriosis is recognized as a steroid-dependent disorder; however, the precise roles of nuclear receptors (NRs) in steroid responsiveness and other signaling pathways are not well understood. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE:Over the past several years, a number of paradigm-shifting breakthroughs have occurred in...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmz005
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Operative hysteroscopy is a relatively new technique that has significantly improved the diagnosis and therapy of abnormal uterine bleeding. At first, the success of operative hysteroscopy in controlling this bleeding seemed extremely high but, with long-term follow-up, a significant failure rate became evident requir...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/4.4.350
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmh008
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In those clinical situations in which an immediate and profound suppression of gonadotrophins is desired, LHRH agonists have the disadvantage of producing an initial stimulatory effect on hormone secretion. Therefore, the use of GnRH antagonists which cause an immediate and dose-related inhibition of LH and FSH by com...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/6.4.322
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmn048
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/8.4.359
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/8.2.155
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There have been conflicting results in randomized trials of the effects of laparoscopic uterosacral nerve ablation (LUNA) in chronic pelvic pain. Our objective was to perform a meta-analysis using individual patient data (IPD) to provide the most comprehensive and reliable assessment of the effectiveness of ...
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pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmq031
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical significance of micro-organisms in semen samples of asymptomatic subfertile patients is a matter of constant debate. Usually little attention is paid to anaerobic bacteria as they are sensitive to transportation and culturing, and differentiation is difficult, costly and time-consuming. In the present stu...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/humupd/1.5.462
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Androgen levels are measured in today's clinical practice almost exclusively by immunoassays. The androgen that is most frequently determined is testosterone (T), but sometimes also the levels of other testicular, ovarian and adrenal androgens such as 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmm038
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Because of the substantial energy demands of reproduction, the brain must temper the fertility of individuals to match nutritional availability. Under-nutrition is associated with infertility in humans and animals. The brain uses adipose- and gut-derived hormones, such as leptin, insulin and ghrelin, to modu...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dms004
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the elongating spermatid stage of spermiogenesis, human sperm chromatin undergoes a complex transition in which histones are extensively replaced by protamines in a carefully regulated transition including histone modifications and intermediate and temporary replacement of the histones by sperm-specific transit...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dml057
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has long been known that the testis is an immunologically privileged site in the body, and that human seminal plasma possesses a generalized immunosuppressive activity. Multiple factors participate in the establishment of immunotolerance in the testis: the blood-tubular barrier; the local production of immunosuppre...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/7.5.444
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::After colonization of the gonad, mouse female germ cells enter into the prophase of the first meiotic division as a mid-gestational hallmark of gender. Perinatally, oocytes interact with granulosa cells to form primordial follicles which, with cyclic periodicity, enter into a 3-week growth phase that culminates in mei...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/8.5.395
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus of the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus. ZIKV is currently the focus of an ongoing pandemic and worldwide public health emergency. Although originally isolated in 1947, its pathogenesis was poorly known and very few documented infections were published until...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmx024
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The effect of postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk remains controversial. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE:We aimed to systematically review the evidence regarding the role of dose, route of hormone administration, timing of initiation and duration of HT on cardiovascular risk amo...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmy039
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::BACKGROUND Angiogenesis, i.e. the development of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones, represents an integral part in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. During the last decade, an increasing number of studies have therefore focused on the anti-angiogenic treatment of the disease. The present review provides a syst...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dms026
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:IUI for unexplained infertility can be performed in a natural cycle or in combination with ovarian stimulation. A disadvantage of ovarian stimulation is an increased risk of multiple pregnancies with its inherent maternal and neonatal complication risks. Stimulation agents for ovarian stimulation are clomiph...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmz035
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is one of the two pituitary gonadotrophins involved in the regulation of gonadal function. Structurally, this gonadotrophin is a heterodimer composed of two non-covalently associated subunits containing several heterogenous oligosaccharide residues which play an important role in bot...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/4.3.260
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::There has been an improvement in the blastocyst rates achieved following in-vitro embryo production that can largely be attributed to improved embryo culture conditions based on an increased knowledge of the in-vivo environment, as well as the metabolic needs of the embryo. Despite this, in-vitro oocyte maturation (IV...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmg009
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmw021
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human ovary is a dynamic organ which continually changes in size and activity through life, as an integral part of the changes that the female is going through before during and after her reproductive life. Following the rapid increase in the use of transvaginal scan in recent years, the measurement of ovarian vol...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/5.3.256
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The reproductive impact of adenomyosis and endometriosis is widely researched but the extent of these impacts remains elusive. It has been demonstrated that endometriosis, in particular, is known to result in subfertility but endometriosis and adenomyosis are increasingly linked to late pregnancy complicatio...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmz012
更新日期:2019-09-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The main objective of individualization of treatment in IVF is to offer every single woman the best treatment tailored to her own unique characteristics, thus maximizing the chances of pregnancy and eliminating the iatrogenic and avoidable risks resulting from ovarian stimulation. Personalization of treatmen...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmt037
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Maternal use of marijuana, in which the exocannabinoid Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol is the most active psychoactive ingredient, is known to have adverse effects on various aspects of reproduction including ovulation, spermatogenesis, implantation and pregnancy duration. Endogenous cannabinoids of which Anandamide is ...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmm018
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amenorrhoea associated with reduced caloric intake and strenuous exercise leads to hypoestrogenism and is associated with clinical manifestations that include disordered eating, stress fractures, osteoporosis, and, as recently reported, a potential increase in the risk of premature cardiovascular disease. Disordered e...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/dmh033
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the last decade oocyte donation has been highly successful for treating women previously thought to be hopelessly infertile. The pregnancy rate after oocyte donation is among the highest reported for any fertility-enhancing procedure. Most investigators have noted an increased rate of obstetric complications in...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/7.1.28
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the male genital tract, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated by spermatozoa and leukocytes including neutrophils and macrophages. ROS are involved in the regulation of sperm functions such as capacitation and the acrosome reaction. Infections lead to an excessive ROS production, resulting in an 'oxidative bu...
journal_title:Human reproduction update
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/humupd/5.5.399
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00