Dopamine agonists.

abstract：:Myotonic dystrophies and channelopathies are rare but important causes of muscle diseases which may present with myotonia, episodic attacks of weakness, fixed muscle weakness, and atrophy or their combination. Here, the authors provide an overview of these disorders and describe their clinical and pathophysiological f...

journal_title：Seminars in neurology

authors： Quinn C,Salajegheh MK

更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Arteriovenous malformations of the brain can carry considerable morbidity and mortality in the setting of rupture. The complex angioarchitecture and hemodynamic alteration requires careful consideration in diagnostic and management approaches. In this review, the authors define the pathophysiology, outline diagnostic ...

journal_title：Seminars in neurology

authors： Asif K,Leschke J,Lazzaro MA

更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) or somnolence is common in our patients and in society in general. The most common cause of EDS is "voluntary" sleep restriction. Other common causes include sleep-fragmenting disorders such as the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Somewhat less familiar to the clinician are EDS cond...

journal_title：Seminars in neurology

authors： Black JE,Brooks SN,Nishino S

更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nontraumatic spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage occurs most commonly into the subarachnoid space and brain parenchyma, in contrast to subdural and epidural hematomas that are usually traumatic. The differential diagnosis of nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage includes intracranial aneurysm rupture and vascular malfo...

journal_title：Seminars in neurology

authors： Dainer HM,Smirniotopoulos JG

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in elderly individuals. Although the diagnosis of AD requires pathological confirmation, several common clinical features of AD have been identified. These include insidious onset, gradual progression, medial temporal atrophy, temporoparietal hypoperfusion, ...

journal_title：Seminars in neurology

authors： Kramer JH,Miller BL

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cognitive complaints are common in any adult neurology practice, and may present in a variety of ways other than classic "memory loss." In this article, the author reviews a simple approach to a symptom-based differential diagnosis, including recognition of impairment in several key cognitive domains as well as associ...

journal_title：Seminars in neurology

authors： Woodruff BK

更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a manifestation of perinatal asphyxial insult that continues to evolve over days to weeks following the initial injury. Therapeutic hypothermia has demonstrated that a proportion of this secondary brain injury may indeed be preventable. However, therapeutic hypothermia has also...

journal_title：Seminars in neurology

authors： Goswami I,Guillot M,Tam EWY

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Natalizumab is a monoclonal therapeutic antibody that inhibits migration of lymphocytes into the central nervous system (CNS) by blocking integrins. Several clinical trials have shown an excellent efficacy in the treatment of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. This efficacy is also underlined by postmarketing dat...

journal_title：Seminars in neurology

authors： Derfuss T,Kuhle J,Lindberg R,Kappos L

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Psychoanalysis emerged out of Freud's neuropsychologic studies of consciousness and cognition. This article describes the historical development of neuropsychodynamic theories of consciousness and personality, and traces their application to several neuropsychiatric syndromes of intense contemporary clinical interest....

journal_title：Seminars in neurology

authors： Miller L

更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Evaluation of patients with cranial neuropathies requires an understanding of brainstem anatomy and nerve pathways. Advances in neuroimaging, particularly high spatial resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have enabled visualization of these tiny structures and their related pathology. This review provides an a...

journal_title：Seminars in neurology

authors： Jha RM,Klein JP

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Clinicians commonly encounter patients with cerebrovascular disorders in the hospital. Now, as never before, there are many effective diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. Several examples of typical cases of stroke and transient ischemic attack are presented in order to illustrate a rational approach to diagnosis an...

journal_title：Seminars in neurology

authors： Demaerschalk BM

更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) disorders are a heterogeneous group of diseases with variable expression that often pose diagnostic dilemmas. Although definitive diagnosis of these disorders usually requires a muscle biopsy and mtDNA and enzymatic testing, standard metabolic studies including organic ...

journal_title：Seminars in neurology

authors： Dougherty FE

更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects more than 500,000 Americans, and it is commonly on the differential diagnosis associated with patient referrals to neurology offices. Diagnostically, there are several nuances to the established criteria. Understanding the usefulness of various tests and the potential diagnoses that can...

journal_title：Seminars in neurology

authors： Frohman EM,Greenberg BM

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Treatment of dementias represents an important but relatively neglected part of neurological care of the elderly population. Individual therapeutic interventions may make only small changes to the quality of life of individuals afflicted with dementia, but when used in combination these interventions synergize and can...

journal_title：Seminars in neurology

authors： Tisher A,Salardini A

更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Establishing an open and honest physician-patient relationship is essential for the proper evaluation and management of headache disorders. Obtaining a complete headache and medical history is the most important part of the initial diagnostic evaluation. This history should include information about headache onset, pa...

journal_title：Seminars in neurology

authors： Marks DR,Rapoport AM

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuroimmunologic and systemic rheumatic diseases are frequently accompanied by inflammation of the eye, ocular adnexa, and orbital tissues. An understanding of the diverse forms of ophthalmic pathology in these conditions aids the clinician in making appropriate preventative, diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic de...

journal_title：Seminars in neurology

authors： Vodopivec I,Lobo AM,Prasad S

更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), also known as pseudotumor cerebri, is a disease primarily affecting obese women of child-bearing age, typically presenting with positional headaches, diplopia from abducens nerve palsies, pulse-synchronous tinnitus, and visual disturbances related to papilledema, including t...

journal_title：Seminars in neurology

authors： Dinkin M,Oliveira C

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The field of neurocritical care has evolved tremendously in recent years, a development explained vastly by the advent of neurophysiological monitoring. From basic intracranial pressure measurements to brain tissue oxygenation, microdialysis, cerebral blood flow (CBF), and surface and intracortical electroencephalogra...

journal_title：Seminars in neurology

authors： Francoeur CL,Pain M,Mayer SA

更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Parkinson's disease (PD) is a significant neurodegenerative disease of the elderly, affecting 1 to 2% of those over 60 years of age. The disorder is characterized by resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, postural instability, and pathologically by alpha-synuclein-positive Lewy bodies. For most, the etiology is unkno...

journal_title：Seminars in neurology

authors： Lorincz MT

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Visual field deficits are common in neurologic disease conditions such as cerebrovascular disease, traumatic brain injury, and brain tumors. Loss of visual fields may lead to impairment of reading skills (hemianopic dyslexia) and limitations of daily activities such as driving, which can have a significant impact on a...

journal_title：Seminars in neurology

authors： Agarwal A,Kedar S

更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is common, sometimes terrifying, but rarely portends serious disease. It is usually easily diagnosed and treated, and both the patient and the physician are immediately gratified. While much has been learned about the pathogenesis of BPPV in the past decades, many of its fea...

journal_title：Seminars in neurology

authors： Nuti D,Zee DS,Mandalà M

更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Listeria monocytogenes infection of the central nervous system is often not recognized and treated appropriately in the crucial early stages of the disease. Most consider patients with underlying disease or immunocompromised states to be at risk, although healthy individuals may present with a neurologic syndrome caus...

journal_title：Seminars in neurology

authors： Bartt R

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Severe brain injury may cause disruption of neural networks that sustain arousal and awareness, the two essential components of consciousness. Despite the potentially devastating immediate and long-term consequences, disorders of consciousness (DoC) are poorly understood in terms of their underlying neurobiology, the ...

journal_title：Seminars in neurology

authors： Bodien YG,Chatelle C,Edlow BL

更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The human genome has become a roadmap for elucidation of the pathophysiology of disease. It is likely that mutations in more than 1000 of the approximately 30,000 human genes will lead to autonomic abnormalities, either directly or indirectly. This review highlights some of these, which exert major effects on catechol...

journal_title：Seminars in neurology

authors： Taneja I,Robertson D

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A recent development in the evaluation of peripheral neuropathy patients has been the identification of autoantibodies directed against various peripheral nerve antigens. For some conditions, assay for the antibodies can be very helpful in confirming a diagnosis. In others, an antibody may be associated with clinical ...

journal_title：Seminars in neurology

authors： Kissel JT

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vaccines have undoubtedly been a medical milestone, preventing immeasurable morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases worldwide. Modern vaccines have tremendously reduced the global impact of numerous infections; they have succeeded in eliminating smallpox completely. However, the nature by which vaccines confe...

journal_title：Seminars in neurology

authors： Sejvar JJ

更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Leptomeningeal metastasis occurs in ~5% of all patients with cancer and is the third most common metastatic complication of the central nervous system. Staging of leptomeningeal metastasis includes contrast-enhanced brain and spine magnetic resonance imaging and radionuclide cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow study. Treat...

journal_title：Seminars in neurology

authors： Chamberlain MC

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Severe spastic tone and/or spastic hypertonia can be the most disabling consequences of a neurologic insult, resulting from an excess of muscle tone. Baclofen, a GABA-B agonist, is one of the most widely used drugs in treating abnormal or disabling spastic tone. However, the effectiveness of baclofen taken orally is o...

journal_title：Seminars in neurology

authors： Furr-Stimming E,Boyle AM,Schiess MC

更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Telemedicine is the use of electronic communication methods, such as the telephone, the Internet, and videoconferencing, to exchange medical information from one geographic site to another. Telestroke is the use of telemedicine specifically for stroke care. A strokologist is a physician with the special skills require...

journal_title：Seminars in neurology

authors： Demaerschalk BM

更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fungal central nervous system infections present in a myriad of clinical manifestation and remain a significant diagnostic challenge. Presenting symptoms, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, conventional fungal serum markers and imaging correlates of disease are seldom sensitive or specific; fungal culture growth or histopa...

journal_title：Seminars in neurology

authors： Jia DT,Thakur K

更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00