Treatment options for sleep apnoea.

abstract：:The introduction of medications that target specific proinflammatory cytokines has revolutionized the management of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The agents that antagonize the effects of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha -- infliximab, etanercept and adalimumab -- have consistently shown very good efficacy for...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Lutt JR,Deodhar A

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED:Joint pain is the main complaint in patients affected by osteoarthritis (OA), and NSAIDs are commonly used to treat pain associated with OA. Over the past few years, cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2-selective inhibitors have been proved to have certain advantages over non-selective NSAIDs and have been increasingly u...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Bianchi M,Broggini M

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ciclesonide nasal spray delivers the corticosteroid ciclesonide as a hypotonic spray via a metered-dose manual pump. Systemic exposure to ciclesonide and its active metabolite desisobutyryl-ciclesonide is low after intranasal administration. High protein binding (approximately 99%) and rapid first-pass clearance furth...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Dhillon S,Wagstaff AJ

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pinacidil is a newly developed antihypertensive vasodilator, proposed to belong to the new group of smooth muscle relaxants, the K+ channel openers. The in vitro effects of pinacidil on induced tone, smooth muscle membrane potential and 86Rb and 42K efflux from rat resistance vessels (internal diameter about 200 micro...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Videbaek LM,Aalkjaer C,Mulvany MJ

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sore throats are most commonly due to infections, many of which are viral and do not require specific treatment. Symptoms and signs of the common cold, influenza or croup, the occurrence of conjunctivitis in some adenoviral infections, generalised lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly in glandular fever or the presence of ...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Lang SD,Singh K

更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dopamine agonists (DAs) represent an excellent treatment option for patients with Parkinson's disease, in both the early and advanced stages of the disease, improving motor symptoms, lowering the incidence of motor complications, and addressing several non-motor symptoms. Indeed, each of these compounds have different...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Torti M,Bravi D,Vacca L,Stocchi F

更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiple drugs are now available for the treatment of overactive bladder. Currently, the pharmacological approach is to deal with the problem at the neuromuscular junction by attempting to stop the activity of the neurotransmitter with antimuscarinic medications. This article reviews the positive and negative aspects ...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Appell RA

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The endothelin family of peptides are extremely potent endogenous vasoconstrictor and pressor agents. Of the 3 isoforms, endothelin-1 is the major isoform produced by the vascular endothelium and is, therefore, likely to be of most importance for regulation of vascular function. Two endothelin receptor subtypes have s...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Ferro CJ,Webb DJ

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Olaratumab (Lartruvo™) is a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeted against the human platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor α (PDGFRα). It was developed by Eli Lilly and Co. (previously ImClone Systems) after PDGFRα was identified as a potential therapeutic target in a variety of cancers. Olaratumab act...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Shirley M

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Discharge from the ear can be the result of many disease processes. The ear may discharge blood, pus, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or wax. Keratosis obturans, stenosis of the external meatus and benign tumours of the external meatus all lead to wax build-up, which may cause recurrent attacks of otitis externa. Malignant ...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Ruddy J,Bickerton RC

更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Certolizumab pegol (Cimzia(®)) is a recombinant, polyethylene glycolylated, antigen-binding fragment of a humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively targets and neutralizes tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The drug is indicated for subcutaneous use every 2 or 4 weeks (q2w or q4w) for the treatment of adults with mo...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Deeks ED

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Subcutaneous dulaglutide (Trulicity®) is a once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist that is approved in numerous countries as an adjunct to diet and exercise for the treatment of adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In the clinical trial and real-world settings, once-weekly subcutaneous dulaglutide, as monot...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Scott LJ

更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness characterised by abnormalities of thought and perception that affects 1-2% of the population. Patients who experience a first episode of schizophrenia should be treated early and optimally with antipsychotic agents to lessen the morbidity of the initial episode and possibly imp...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Bradford DW,Perkins DO,Lieberman JA

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonists (antihistamines) have been developed to reduce or eliminate the sedation and anticholinergic adverse effects that occur with older H1 receptor antagonists. This article evaluates second-generation antihistamines, including acrivastine, astemizole, azelastine, cetiriz...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Slater JW,Zechnich AD,Haxby DG

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Therapy for Gram-negative sepsis remains unsatisfactory despite a concerted effort to develop new treatments for this common, life-threatening syndrome. Current research continues on several fronts to improve the treatment options available to clinicians in the management of these critically ill patients. Recently, a ...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Opal SM,Yu RL Jr

更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nivolumab (Opdivo(®)) is a fully human monoclonal antibody against programmed death receptor-1, a negative regulatory checkpoint molecule with a role in immunosuppression. The drug is administered intravenously and is approved for the treatment of unresectable malignant melanoma in Japan. The potential for intravenous...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Deeks ED

更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gefitinib (Iressa) is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor that offers treatment for patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), in particular in those who are harbouring EGFR mutations. In a large phase III trial (IPASS) in chemotherapy-naive Asian ...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Sanford M,Scott LJ

更新日期：2009-11-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Sulbactam is a semisynthetic beta-lactamase inhibitor which when combined with certain beta-lactam antibacterials extends their activity against bacteria that are normally resistant to the antibiotic due to production of beta-lactamases. In combination with ampicillin it extends the antibacterial activity of ampicilli...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Campoli-Richards DM,Brogden RN

更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute infectious diarrhoea is the major killer of children in the Third World. It is also the principal cause of malnutrition in children under 5 years of age. More than 4 million children die each year of diarrhoea and its complications. Acute diarrhoea kills by causing dehydration, which leads to hypovolaemia and me...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Gold R

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intravenous peramivir (Alpivab™; Rapivab®; Rapiacta®; PeramiFlu®), the most recent globally approved inhibitor of influenza neuraminidase, is indicated for the treatment of uncomplicated influenza in adults and children from the age of 2 years. This article, written from an EU perspective, reviews the clinical use of ...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Scott LJ

更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Janus kinase/signal transduction and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway is implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Many cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and inflammator...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Banerjee S,Biehl A,Gadina M,Hasni S,Schwartz DM

更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oesophageal candidiasis is frequently one of the first signs of HIV infection, and a marker of HIV disease. Approximately 10% of patients with AIDS or other immunodeficiency, whether due to an underlying disease, chemotherapy or radiation therapy, will experience oesophageal candidiasis during their lifetime. In addit...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Vazquez JA

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Quinupristin-dalfopristin (RP 59500) is an injectable streptogramin antibiotic. It possesses a wide spectrum of activity against Gram-positive bacteria including methicillin-resistant staphylococci, glycopeptide-resistant. Enterococcus faecium and penicillin-resistant pneumococci. Quinupristin-dalfopristin has activit...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Bryson HM,Spencer CM

更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality in industrialized countries. Treatment with statins is effective in primary prevention in patients at high cardiovascular risk. Statins are inhibitors of hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase and are classed as lipid-lowering drugs. In 2010, ato...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Lecarpentier E,Morel O,Fournier T,Elefant E,Chavatte-Palmer P,Tsatsaris V

更新日期：2012-04-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite remarkable advances in cardiovascular therapeutics, sudden cardiac death remains a significant problem. In this review, data from clinical trials and other studies on antiarrhythmic therapies have been evaluated in order to determine effective strategies for the prevention of sudden cardiac death in high risk ...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： McAlister FA,Teo KK

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is important to distinguish between therapy used to reduce acute inflammation in gout and therapy used to manage hyperuricaemia in patients with chronic gouty arthritis. This article discusses treatments for acute gout, emphasizing the use of corticotrophin (adrenocorticotropic hormone; ACTH) and the evidence on wh...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Schlesinger N

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Varicella zoster virus (VZV), a member of the herpesvirus family, is responsible for both primary (varicella, chickenpox) as well as reactivation (zoster, shingles) infections. In immunocompetent patients, the course of varicella is generally benign. For varicella zoster, post-herpetic neuralgia is the most common com...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Snoeck R,Andrei G,De Clercq E

更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Empagliflozin/linagliptin (Glyxambi(®)) is a once-daily sodium glucose co-transporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor and dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor fixed-dose combination product that is approved in the USA as an adjunct to diet and exercise in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) when treatment with both empaglifl...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Kim ES,Deeks ED

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The oral deoxyguanosine nucleoside analogue entecavir (Baraclude®) has potent activity against hepatitis B virus (HBV) and a high genetic barrier to resistance. This article reviews the clinical efficacy and tolerability of entecavir in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in patients with decompensated liver disease,...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Keating GM

更新日期：2011-12-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Rabeprazole is an inhibitor of the gastric proton pump. It causes dose-dependent inhibition of acid secretion and has a more rapid onset of action than omeprazole. Duodenal ulcers healed faster after treatment with rabeprazole 20 or 40 mg/day than placebo or ranitidine 150 mg 4 times daily and at a generally similar r...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Langtry HD,Markham A

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00