Abstract:
:Formaldehyde is a physiological intermediary metabolite taking part in many biological process in the body. It is a constituent of many items of daily use, including foods. It is also used in medicine for treatment of some conditions. A 40% solution of formaldehyde in water is known as formalin. Formalin is irritating, corrosive and toxic and absorbed from all surfaces of the body. Ingestion is rare because of alarming odour and irritant effect but documented in accidental, homicidal or suicidal attempts. Ingestion can lead to immediate deleterious effects on almost all systems of the body including gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, cardiovascular system and hepato-renal system, causing gastrointestinal hemorrhage, cardiovascular collapse, unconsciousness or convulsions, severe metabolic acidosis and acute respiratory distress syndrome. No specific antidote is available. Treatment of toxicity is supportive care of the various organ systems. Multidisciplinary approach is required for proper management.
journal_name
Hum Exp Toxicoljournal_title
Human & experimental toxicologyauthors
Pandey CK,Agarwal A,Baronia A,Singh Ndoi
10.1191/096032700678815954subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-06-01 00:00:00pages
360-6issue
6eissn
0960-3271issn
1477-0903journal_volume
19pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::1. In humans morphine is metabolised to morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) which possess no opioid activity, and morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) which is a potent opioid receptor agonist that probably contribute to the desired as well as toxic effects of morphine. 2. In order to investigate the possible effect of ranitidine on...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1177/096032719801700611
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The conventional method for the assessment of acute inhalation toxicity (OECD Test Guideline 403, 1981) uses death of animals as an endpoint to identify the median lethal concentration (LC50). A new OECD Testing Guideline called the Fixed Concentration Procedure (FCP) is being prepared to provide an alternative to Tes...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/0960327103ht395oa
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Benzydamine is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, currently available as mouthwash, aerosol, dermal cream, vaginal douche preparation, pills and otic drops. Up to now no cases of poisoning due to this drug have been reported. A 6-year-old girl with an accidental poisoning with benzydamine is described. The episode...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/096032799678840264
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. A modified mouse liver slice culture technique was established and the viability of the system was assessed on the basis of leakage of cytosolic enzymes viz. lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartic aminotransferase (AST) and slice histology. 2. This system w...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/096032719601500202
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drugs containing 5-acetylsalicylic acid (5-ASA) have been commonly used for inflammatory bowel diseases for more than half a century, but no case about overdose of suppository form of mesalazine which was taken both orally and rectally has been reported in the related literature up to now. In the present case, a 20-ye...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0960327110379249
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two studies were performed in order to evaluate cytochrome P450 1A2 mediated caffeine metabolism during different nutritional conditions. 1. In the first study, 23 healthy male non-smokers, mean age 25, changed from a customary mixed diet to a standard diet in 6 days. The 6 day's standard diet was based on bread, pota...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/096032719501401004
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to determine the reliability of denial of acetaminophen ingestion in intentional drug overdose patients. All intentional drug overdose patients admitted to an emergency department who were able to provide a history were included. A detailed history was obtained on names, timing and numb...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0960327110366784
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenously produced gaseous messenger that participates in regulation of cardiovascular functions. This study evaluates the possible protective effect of H2S in cardiovascular dysfunction induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in rats. After 24 h of induction of CLP, heart rate (HR...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0960327114564794
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Teucrium polium L. (Lamiaceae) is a commonly used medicinal plant in folk medicine. Among several uses, T. polium is used to treat male fertility problems. This research was conducted to study the effect of T. polium on spermatogenesis, testosterone level, androgen receptor expression, and fertility in male rats. Admi...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0960327116688069
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated the main target sites of chlorpyrifos (CPF), its effect on biochemical indices, and the pathological changes observed in rat liver and kidney function using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Adult female Wistar rats (n = 12) were randomly assigned into two groups (one control and one test g...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0960327115614384
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The study of Jayjock and Lewis, 'Implication of Hormesis for Industrial Hygiene', represents a challenge for the scientific community to consider hormesis as a possible working hypothesis for redefining risk assessment strategy for low-dose exposures in the realm of industrial hygiene. This invited commentary aims at ...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1191/0960327102ht269xx
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study we examined the effect of the aqueous extract of Thonningia sanguinea (T.S.) on 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD, CYP1A1), 7-pentoxyresorufin O-dealkylase (PROD, CYP2B1/2), 7-methoxyresorufin O-demethylase (MROD, CYP1A2), aniline hydroxylase (aniline, CYP2E1), p-nitrophenol hydroxylase (PNPH, CYP2E1)...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/096032700667732543
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Morphine-6-glucuronide, the active metabolite of morphine, and to a lesser extent morphine itself are known to accumulate in patients with renal failure. A number of cases on non-lethal morphine toxicity in patients with renal impairment report high plasma concentrations of morphine-6-glucuronide, suggesting that this...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0960327110388962
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The present work aimed to investigate the relationship between occupational exposure to airborne molds, serum aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), and liver enzymes of workers handling wheat flour. METHODS:The study included 90 bakers, 100 flour milling workers, and 100 controls with no exposure to flour dust. Workplace asp...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0960327115573596
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cultures of bovine pulmonary endothelial (BPE) cells were exposed to LC70 doses of ricin or abrin (15.5 and 4.5 pM respectively) over a period of up to 40 h. The viability of the cultures (as determined by the neutral red (NR) dye retention assay) declined after 6 h exposure to the toxins. From 15 h onwards, cellular ...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/096032719601500513
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Progressive renal dysfunction in 5/6 nephrectomized (NX) rats can be physiologically divided into three stages, coinciding with morphological stages, after definition of physiological parameters for identification of stage. Now, for the establishment of a toxicity screening approach using 5/6 NX rats, our concept, "Di...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/096032701666840048
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two previously healthy women developed nausea, vomiting, headache and dizziness for several days, a massive hair loss about 2 weeks later and a discoloration of the fingernails. Detailed diagnostic procedures did not reveal any pathological results. Therapeutic measures did not show any effect. Thallium and arsenic we...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0960327109360046
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytochrome P450 4B1 (CYP4B1) plays crucial roles in biotransforming of xenobiotics. Its predominant extrahepatic expression has been associated with certain tissue-specific toxicities. However, the expressions of CYP4B1 in various cancers and hence their potential roles in cancer development were inclusive. In this wo...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0960327120905959
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::D-Glucaro(1,4)lactone, a potent beta-glucuronidase inhibitor was attached via the carboxylic acid moiety to polyvinylbenzyl chloride (PVBC) using a bimolecular nucleophilic displacement reaction. First, the caesium salt of D-glucaro(1,4)lactone was prepared by titrating the carboxylic acid to neutrality with aqueous c...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/096032719301200216
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient required for proper growth and maintenance of numerous biological systems. At high levels it is known to be neurotoxic. While focused research concerning the transport of Mn across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is on-going, the exact identity of the transporter(s) responsible is...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/0960327107070496
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) is utilized for treating patients suffering from hematological malignancies particularly acute promyelocytic leukemia. Unfortunately, the extensive application of this chemotherapeutic agent has been limited due to its adverse effects such as cardiotoxicity. Ellagic acid, as a phenolic compoun...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0960327117701986
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. This study investigated whether the reactive organohalogen gases perfluoroisobutene (PFIB) and phosgene, which cause death by overwhelming pulmonary oedema, affect the surfactant system or type II pneumocytes of rat lung. 2. The progression and type of pulmonary injury in Porton Wistar-derived rats was monitored ov...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/096032799678839554
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A number of xenobiotics require redox reactions to form the reactive intermediates involved in the ultimate toxic events (e.g., adduct formation). The same mechanisms lead to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can themselves exert direct toxicity including, e.g., DNA oxidative damage or glutathione ...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/0960327102ht214oa
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The time-dependent changes in lead (Pb) concentrations in major tissues, serum and urine, and the Pb biomarker delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) concentration in urine were studied in rats after sub-chronic Pb exposure. Female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to Pb in drinking water at concentrations of 100 ppm and...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0960327109107046
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Trichothecenes are mycotoxins produced by various species of fungi which can occur on various agricultural products. Among these compounds, T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) and deoxynivalenol (DON) are the most naturally encountered and potent trichothecenes. Consumption of trichothecene contaminated fo...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/096032719701601108
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the mechanism of apoptosis dependent on the Fas/FasL (Fas ligand) complex in the presence of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in human leukocytes. METHODS:Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated form whole blood by density centrifugation. ...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0960327119828198
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure of Co631 cells to plutonium leads to increasing cell death depending on the dose and incubation time. The effects, however, are more pronounced with 239Pu, than with 238Pu. Uptake and binding of the two radionuclides during a 5-h incubation are about equal, but 238Pu is lost more rapidly from the cell. There ...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/096032719201100303
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer-doxorubicin (PK1) is a novel polymeric anticancer agent containing doxorubicin (approximately 8 wt%) bound to the polymer backbone via a Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly peptidyl linker. The approximate LD50 of PK1 in MF1 mice after a single i.v. injection was 63 mg/kg (doxorubicin-eq...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/096032719801700204
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is compelling evidence in support of positive associations between zinc (Zn) deficiency and high accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in biological samples of different cancerous patients. The incidence of mouth cancer has been increased among people who possess habit of drinking alcohol, tobacco smoking and chewing wit...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0960327109360045
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pesticides, including organophosphate (OP), organochlorine (OC), and carbamate (CB) compounds, are widely used in agricultural and indoor purposes. OP and CB act as acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors that affect lots of organs such as peripheral and central nervous systems, muscles, liver, pancreas, and brain, wh...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/0960327110388959
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00