Abstract：
:The role of smoking in the pathogenesis of gastrooesophageal reflux disease has been controversial since the early 1970s when Stanciu reported the two to be 92% epidemiologically associated (a study subsequently challenged by inconsistencies in the observational data). Mechanistically, reflux disease is caused by excessive oesophageal acid exposure, which is potentially attributable to excessive reflux events and/or prolonged acid clearance. Currently, the best available pH monitoring data confirm that smoking increases oesophageal acid exposure. Smoking reduces lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) pressure and predisposes to strain-induced reflux. Consistent with this, smoking has been shown to cause an increased number of reflux events that are not attributable to increased transient LOS relaxations, but rather are associated with deep inspiration and coughing. Once reflux occurs, acid is cleared from the oesophagus by a two-step process consisting of oesophageal peristalsis followed by neutralization of the residual acid by swallowed saliva. Smoking prolongs acid clearance by decreasing salivation. The effects of smoking on LOS tone and acid clearance are most likely mainly due to nicotine but are incompletely understood. Transdermal nicotine has similar effects to smoking on LOS pressure and salivation. Thus, although perhaps not a dominant risk factor, smoking and nicotine impact on pathophysiological variables of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. In itself, smoking cessation is unlikely to cure severe gastrooesophageal reflux disease, but, along with appropriate pharmacological therapy, it may be beneficial.
journal_name
Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatoljournal_title
European journal of gastroenterology & hepatologyauthors
Pandolfino JE,Kahrilas PJdoi
10.1097/00042737-200012080-00002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-08-01 00:00:00pages
837-42issue
8eissn
0954-691Xissn
1473-5687journal_volume
12pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Cystic fibrosis is the most common, potentially lethal genetic defect in the Caucasian population. During recent years it has been increasingly associated with a number of hepatic and biliary abnormalities, of which chronic cholestatic liver disease is by far the most relevant. Plugging of intrahepatic bile ducts with...
journal_title：European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Idiopathic fibrosing pancreatitis is an uncommon condition in children and adolescents of unknown aetiology. This syndrome has been reported in 36 cases so far. To our knowledge none of these cases was definitively associated with Crohn's disease. In this report we describe a young female patient who developed Crohn's...
journal_title：European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00042737-200012090-00010
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Nitazoxanide, approved for the treatment of Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia, was found to inhibit hepatitis C virus replication. AIM:The aim of this study was to assess the impact of nitazoxanide as an add-on therapy to pegylated interferon α-2a and ribavirin on sustained virologic response (SVR)...
journal_title：European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1097/MEG.0000000000000492
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Anticoagulant therapy has been recommended in patients with cirrhosis and portal vein thrombosis especially in candidates for liver transplantation. These patients are also likely to need variceal band ligation. This study aimed to assess the incidence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding after electi...
journal_title：European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/MEG.0000000000001522
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The potential diagnostic value of performing Doppler measurements of liver vasculature to assess early stages of liver fibrosis has not been established. Due to the potential clinical impact, this study focused on the correlation between Doppler measurements and histologically proven liver fibrosis. METHODS:...
journal_title：European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00042737-200204000-00008
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sitagliptin for treating Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS:In total, 72 Chinese T2DM patients with NAFLD were divided randomly into two groups of 36 patients each group. All 72 ...
journal_title：European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1097/MEG.0000000000000780
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:The role of duodenogastric reflux in gastrooesophageal reflux disease is still controversial. AIMS:(i) To determine the prevalence of pathological duodenogastric reflux (DGR) in gastrooesophageal reflux disease patients and (ii) to define the relationship between DGR and duodenogastrooesophageal reflux. ME...
journal_title：European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/MEG.0b013e32830aba6d
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Coeliac disease is one of the most common genetically based diseases. The wide clinical spectrum of the disease and the availability of highly specific antibody testing have led to an increased number of patients undergoing gastroscopy with distal duodenal biopsies. Histological confirmation of the characteristic smal...
journal_title：European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00042737-200411000-00007
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Data on heredity, risk factors and comorbidity in microscopic colitis, encompassing collagenous colitis (CC) and lymphocytic colitis (LC), are limited. AIM:The aim was to carry out a case-control study of family history, childhood circumstances, educational level, marital status, smoking and comorbidity in ...
journal_title：European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/MEG.0000000000000832
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between HCV genotype and histological liver injury. DESIGN:Prospective study on a cohort of patients with biopsy proven chronic hepatitis C. SETTING:University medical centre. PARTICIPANTS:Enrolled were 324 consecutive patients (male 197, median age 52 y...
journal_title：European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00042737-200012030-00007
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:The data regarding the microbial spectrum in necrotizing pancreatitis and its impact on mortality is limited. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the agents identified in cultures and their impact on in-hospital and 1-year all-cause mortality. METHODS:Patients with necrotizing pancr...
journal_title：European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/MEG.0000000000001687
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We report a case of a distinctive familial internal anal sphincter myopathy with unique histological and radiological features. A 67-year-old woman presented with a 20-year history of proctalgia fugax and outlet obstruction; other family members were similarly affected. Computed tomograpy and magnetic resonance imagin...
journal_title：European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00042737-199702000-00023
更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND AIM:Pancreatitis and hyperamylasaemia are common complications of ERCP and this study was designed to explain which operative and patient factors predispose to them. PATIENTS AND METHODS:A 1 year prospective study of consecutive patients in a single operator centre with detailed attention to technical f...
journal_title：European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00042737-199805000-00012
更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Detection of Helicobacter pylori infection in clinical routine is based either on the direct visualization of the bacterium in gastric biopsies by histology or microbiology or on the demonstration of urease activity in gastric biopsies and by the labelled-urea breath test (UBT). Omeprazole has a strong inhib...
journal_title：European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to explore the underlying pathophysiological mechanism for portal hypertension in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) using radiological findings. PATIENTS AND METHODS:The study included 10 patients with PBC (Scheuer stage I, one patient; stage II, two patients; and cirrhosis, seven pat...
journal_title：European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/MEG.0000000000000268
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are the two clinical forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Diverse studies have shown the association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in molecules of the immune system and the occurrence of IBD. Here, several SNPs of the immune system with controversial resu...
journal_title：European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/MEG.0000000000001540
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Before the discovery of Helicobacter pylori infection some 12 years ago, three major disturbances in gastric physiology had been identified in patients with duodenal ulcer disease. These abnormalities were: impaired acid inhibition of gastrin release from the antral mucosa, increased basal and stimulated acid secretio...
journal_title：European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The distribution of the intestinal vascular lesions and their relation with the fibrinolysis process are poorly known in Crohn's disease (CD). The mediators of the plasminogen activator system, namely urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA), tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activa...
journal_title：European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00042737-199910000-00007
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The elucidation of the pathogenesis of faecal incontinence in patients with advanced diabetes mellitus has progressed during the last 15 years. In contrast to earlier concepts which promoted the concept that high stool volumes overwhelm normal continence mechanisms, recent studies indicate that the vast majority of di...
journal_title：European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:This study aimed to clarify the relationship between pre-sarcopenia (PS) and quality of life (QOL) in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). PATIENTS AND METHODS:This cross-sectional study evaluated 335 patients with CLD. PS was diagnosed on the basis of the assessment criteria by the Japan Society of Hepatolo...
journal_title：European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/MEG.0000000000001415
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:In western and northern but not southern Europe, the prevalence of coeliac disease among patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is higher than in the general population. We analysed the prevalence of coeliac disease among patients with PBC in Poland, a central European country. METHODS:In 115 patient...
journal_title：European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00042737-200302000-00009
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Excessive alcohol consumption has steadily risen to become the third leading cause of preventable death in the USA. One consequence of heavy alcohol use recently under considerable investigation is alcoholic hepatitis. Although many risk factors for developing alcoholic hepatitis have been documented, our ...
journal_title：European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/MEG.0000000000001583
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 9 and p16 (MTS1/CDKN2) gene mutations have been reported in various human cancers. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of LOH in 100 oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) by typing microsatellite loci and mutations of the p16 gene. The methods used incl...
journal_title：European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00042737-200201000-00004
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND AIM:A significant proportion of patients presenting with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) have negative small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) examinations, and yet remain at risk of rebleeding. We aimed to evaluate whether a second-look review of SBCE images using flexible spectral color enhanceme...
journal_title：European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/MEG.0000000000000358
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) may reduce iron absorption and serum ferritin levels in patients with homeostatic iron regulator (HFE)-related hemochromatosis, reducing the need for frequent phlebotomies. Our study aimed to perform for the first time a meta-analysis of existing observational and rando...
journal_title：European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/MEG.0000000000001857
更新日期：2020-08-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Intestinal lymphangiectasia is a rare condition, which is characterized by the dilation of small bowel lymphatics and presents with signs and symptoms of protein-losing enteropathy. Some patients have complained of occlusive symptoms attributable to the mechanical obstruction caused by the considerable mucosal edema a...
journal_title：European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/MEG.0b013e3282f5dda4
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Esophageal variceal bleeding can be serious or life threatening. Drug-induced thrombocytopenia can further complicate such bleeding episodes. Thrombocytopenia because of sandostatin has been reported in the literature only once previously. We describe a case of sandostatin-induced reversible thrombocytopenia with a po...
journal_title：European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/MEG.0b013e328312180a
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The model of end-stage liver disease (MELD) score has been shown to predict 3-month prognosis following transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt (TIPS) in liver cirrhosis; however, that score was derived from a mixed cohort, including patients with refractory ascites and variceal bleeding. This study...
journal_title：European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/MEG.0000000000002009
更新日期：2020-11-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Biological agents such as inhibitors of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha ) are associated with the development of opportunistic infections. Although there are no international recommendations for the management of opportunistic infections, their prevention is a key safety issue for patients with inflammatory bo...
journal_title：European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/MEG.0b013e32831de271
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:We assessed the impact of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy on liver fibrosis regression measured by transient elastography (TE) in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS:A prospective cohort study was carried out in HCV monoinfected patients with advanced liver fib...
journal_title：European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/MEG.0000000000000964
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
