Hepatitis C virus infection in cocaine users--a silent epidemic.

Abstract:

:Over a recent three year period, approximately 600 individuals responded to newspaper advertisements for research studies requiring healthy, cocaine using subjects. These subjects were screened using a standard phone interview in order to eliminate individuals with known medical or psychiatric illnesses that would exclude them from ongoing neuroimaging studies of drug abuse. Individuals were specifically asked about their hepatitis and HIV status. Of these, 170 subjects passed the phone screen, having no known medical or psychiatric illness outside of cocaine abuse/dependence and were willing to be further evaluated for the studies. These subjects were brought to the Medical College of Wisconsin's General Clinical Research Center and tested for, among other measures, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV. Of these, 144 completed the examination and all testing. In this cohort of assumed healthy subjects, 47 (33%) tested positive for antibodies to the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Only 7 (5%) tested positive for the hepatitis B surface antigen and 2 (1.4%) to HIV. The demographics of this cohort are 56% African-American, 81% male, 75% never-married, 55% unemployed with a mean age of 36 years. The percentage of subjects reporting any lifetime intravenous drug use among the HCV(+) and the HCV(-) cohorts was 77% vs. 29% respectively. Some routes of HCV transmission are still unclear and may reflect lifestyle or other factors related to cocaine use outside of parenteral drug use. Since almost all HCV infections become chronic, and many progress to chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis, and ultimately hepatocellular carcinoma, these observations suggest a significant epidemic in an unsuspecting population with little regular access to health care. These individuals also form a large pool for the continued transmission of HCV to the general population. Additional public health interventions are suggested.

authors

Harsch HH,Pankiewicz J,Bloom AS,Rainey C,Cho JK,Sperry L,Stein EA

doi

10.1023/a:1001988613235

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2000-06-01 00:00:00

pages

225-33

issue

3

eissn

0010-3853

issn

1573-2789

journal_volume

36

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Prior Experiences of Behavioral Health Treatment among Uninsured Young Adults Served in a Psychiatric Crisis Setting.

    abstract::This study qualitatively explored the past treatment experiences of uninsured young adults who sought public emergency psychiatric care. Qualitative interviews were conducted with a racially diverse sample of 55 young adults (ages 18-25) using a semi-structured interview guide, and analyzed using a team-based open cod...

    journal_title:Community mental health journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1007/s10597-017-0150-7

    authors: Narendorf SC,Wagner R,Fedoravicius N,Washburn M

    更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00

  • Predictors of Outreach Meetings Among Substance Using Homeless Youth.

    abstract::Homeless youth have high rates of substance use and often lack connection to social services. Outreach is critical for connecting youth to services, but factors influencing their outreach engagement are unknown. This study examined predictors of meetings with outreach workers among 79 non-service connected, substance ...

    journal_title:Community mental health journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1007/s10597-015-9919-8

    authors: Carmona J,Slesnick N,Guo X,Murnan A,Brakenhoff B

    更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00

  • Adherence with referrals for outpatient follow-up from a VA psychiatric emergency room.

    abstract::This study identifies patient characteristics associated with adherence to outpatient mental health treatment referrals from a VA psychiatric emergency department. Attendance of outpatient appointments was monitored for 12 weeks following emergency department visits (N = 241). Overall attendance of the first appointme...

    journal_title:Community mental health journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1023/a:1018786512676

    authors: Dobscha SK,Delucchi K,Young ML

    更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00

  • Psychological distress and subjective burden of caregivers of people with mental illness: the role of affiliate stigma and face concern.

    abstract::The present study tested the mediating role of affiliate stigma on the relationships between face concern with psychological distress and subjective burden among caregivers of people with severe mental illnesses. One hundred and eight Chinese caregivers in Hong Kong were surveyed. Based on Baron and Kenny's (J Pers So...

    journal_title:Community mental health journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1007/s10597-011-9422-9

    authors: Mak WW,Cheung RY

    更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00

  • The State Health Authority Yardstick (SHAY).

    abstract::State mental health authorities have a leadership role in implementing evidence-based practices (EBPs), but few instruments are available to assess the impact of this role. We describe the development of the State Mental Health Authority Yardstick (SHAY), a behaviorally anchored instrument designed to assess state-lev...

    journal_title:Community mental health journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1007/s10597-009-9181-z

    authors: Finnerty MT,Rapp CA,Bond GR,Lynde DW,Ganju V,Goldman HH

    更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00

  • Public Recognition and Perceptions of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.

    abstract::Previous research has indicated that the public's knowledge on obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is poor. Public understanding and perception of OCD may be one contributor to this issue. Given that mental health literacy is an important first step for those to receive the appropriate care, we sought to understand mo...

    journal_title:Community mental health journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1007/s10597-018-0323-z

    authors: Stewart E,Grunthal B,Collins L,Coles M

    更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00

  • Change in Mental Health Stigma After a Brief Intervention Among Internally Displaced Persons in Central Sudan.

    abstract::Stigmatizing attitudes towards people with mental illness is a worldwide phenomenon, This Longitudinal study aimed to determine the level of stigma, among the internal displaced persons in central Sudan and explore possible changes in stigma associated with an intervention. 1549 persons were interviewed using standard...

    journal_title:Community mental health journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1007/s10597-019-00375-y

    authors: Sanhori Z,Eide AH,Ayazi T,Mdala I,Lien L

    更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00

  • Break the Silence: Knowledge and Attitude Towards Sexual and Reproductive Health Among Egyptian Youth.

    abstract::Sexual health and education are rarely investigated in the Middle East countries, including Egypt. We performed the current study to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors towards sexual health practices among Egyptian youth. A self-administered questionnaire was translated from English to Arabic. After pi...

    journal_title:Community mental health journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1007/s10597-020-00641-4

    authors: Menshawy A,Abushouk AI,Ghanem E,Senna M,Lotfy N,Abdel-Maboud M,Elmaraezy A,Elsherbeny MY,SABEAD Study group.

    更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00

  • Psychiatric disposition of patients brought in by crisis intervention team police officers.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:As part of an effort to improve police interactions with mentally ill citizens, and improve mental health care delivery to subjects in acute distress, the University of Louisville, in conjunction with the Louisville Metro Police, established the crisis intervention team (CIT). CIT is composed of uniformed of...

    journal_title:Community mental health journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1007/s10597-005-2658-5

    authors: Strauss G,Glenn M,Reddi P,Afaq I,Podolskaya A,Rybakova T,Saeed O,Shah V,Singh B,Skinner A,El-Mallakh RS

    更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00

  • A pan-Canadian evaluation of supported employment programs dedicated to people with severe mental disorders.

    abstract::Supported employment (SE) is an evidence-based practice that helps people with severe mental disorders obtain competitive employment. The implementation of SE programs in different social contexts has led to adaptations of the SE components, therefore impacting the fidelity/quality of these services. The objective of ...

    journal_title:Community mental health journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1007/s10597-009-9207-6

    authors: Corbière M,Lanctôt N,Lecomte T,Latimer E,Goering P,Kirsh B,Goldner EM,Reinharz D,Menear M,Mizevich J,Kamagiannis T

    更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00

  • Sociodemographic Characteristics, Financial Worries and Serious Psychological Distress in U.S. Adults.

    abstract::Economic recessions have been well studied in relationship to poor mental health. However, subjective financial worries have not been examined relative to serious psychological distress (SPD), a measure of poor mental health. Adults 18 to 64 years in the cross-sectional 2016 National Health Interview Survey (n = 24,12...

    journal_title:Community mental health journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1007/s10597-019-00519-0

    authors: Weissman J,Russell D,Mann JJ

    更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00

  • Barriers to Seeking and Accepting Treatment for Perinatal Depression: A Qualitative Study in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

    abstract::Few studies have investigated the reasons why pregnant and puerperal women fail to seek or accept treatment for perinatal depression in low- and middle-income countries, where there is a high prevalence of this disorder. To help fill this gap, this study investigated the factors influencing the decision not to seek or...

    journal_title:Community mental health journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1007/s10597-019-00450-4

    authors: Baldisserotto ML,Miranda Theme M,Gomez LY,Dos Reis TBQ

    更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00

  • Associations of Adverse Childhood Experiences to Smoking and Nicotine Dependence Among Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatients.

    abstract::Our aim was to examine whether ACEs associate to regular smoking and nicotine dependence (ND) among 508 psychiatric inpatients aged 13-17 years. Adolescents were interviewed using the Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children and the European Addiction Severity Index -instruments. ND wa...

    journal_title:Community mental health journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1007/s10597-019-00476-8

    authors: Penttinen R,Hakko H,Riipinen P,Isohookana R,Riala K

    更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00

  • Vocational Counselors in France: Comparison to Competencies of Employment Specialists Working in Canadian IPS Programs.

    abstract::Supported employment programs are evidence-based practices to help people with severe mental illness to obtain competitive employment. The competencies of employment specialists working in these programs are key elements related to work integration. In France, the Messidor Association, a prevocational organisation, ha...

    journal_title:Community mental health journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1007/s10597-017-0109-8

    authors: de Pierrefeu I,Corbière M,Pachoud B

    更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00

  • Clinical encounters with outpatient coercion at the CMHC: questions of implementation and efficacy.

    abstract::Clinical encounters with three outpatients at a CMHC who were managed with alternating periods of voluntary or uncoerced and involuntary or coerced treatment are presented. The two periods of coerced community treatment--of eight months and then two to four years duration--produced positive results quite distinct from...

    journal_title:Community mental health journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1007/BF00754275

    authors: Geller JL

    更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00

  • The Reform of Rehabilitation in the Community of Persons with Psychiatric Disabilities: Lessons from the Israeli Experience.

    abstract::Purpose is to present the mental health rehabilitation reform enacted in Israel in 2000, and to analyze the challenges it faces in its second decade of implementation. Lessons are drawn with regard to other jurisdictions interested in reforming mental health services. Besides reviewing the reform's accomplishments and...

    journal_title:Community mental health journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1007/s10597-016-0058-7

    authors: Aviram U

    更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00

  • Measuring agency investment in community mental health.

    abstract::This paper reports a study of the extent to which essential elements of community mental health are part of mental health agencies' practices. A sample of 263 social workers reported on the nature of programming and services of 19 mental health facilities ranging from city and state community mental health centers to ...

    journal_title:Community mental health journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1007/BF01424803

    authors: Cohen SZ,Reid WJ,Berg LK

    更新日期:1975-10-01 00:00:00

  • Factors in the neighborhood as risks of suicide in rural China: a multilevel analysis.

    abstract::To estimate the effect of social factors in the neighborhood environment on suicide risks, we studied 392 suicides and 416 controls, all aged 15-34 years, consecutively and randomly selected from 16 rural counties in three provinces of China. The social factors in the village neighborhood were measured by the WHO scal...

    journal_title:Community mental health journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1007/s10597-011-9447-0

    authors: Zhang J,Wang C

    更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00

  • Characteristics of Medicaid Recipients Receiving Persistent Antipsychotic Polypharmacy.

    abstract::Antipsychotic polypharmacy (APP) is a common strategy despite guidelines advising against this practice. This article seeks to quantify the prevalence and correlates of APP using Medicaid Analytic eXtract files from 2003 to 2004. Nineteen percent of Medicaid recipients who received an antipsychotic were treated with A...

    journal_title:Community mental health journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1007/s10597-017-0183-y

    authors: Cotes RO,Goldsmith DR,Kopelovich SL,Lally CA,Druss BG

    更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00

  • The pain and the possibility: the family recovery process.

    abstract::The onset of a mental illness is a traumatic experience for all the members of a family. While the mental illness in their family member may be life long, family members can experience their own recovery from the trauma, just as their family member with a mental illness can experience recovery. This article will descr...

    journal_title:Community mental health journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1007/s10597-010-9315-3

    authors: Spaniol L

    更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00

  • The impact of Tourette Syndrome in adults: results from the Tourette Syndrome impact survey.

    abstract::Chronic tic disorders (CTD) are characterized by motor and/or vocal tics. Existing data on the impact of tics in adulthood is limited by small, treatment-seeking samples or by data aggregated across adults and children. The current study explored the functional impact of tics in adults using a nationwide sample of 672...

    journal_title:Community mental health journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1007/s10597-011-9465-y

    authors: Conelea CA,Woods DW,Zinner SH,Budman CL,Murphy TK,Scahill LD,Compton SN,Walkup JT

    更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00

  • Suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts among rural young Chinese: the effect of suicide death by a family member or friend.

    abstract::Suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts have been found to be predictors of suicide. This study aims to estimate the suicidal behaviors in rural China. We studied 784 respondents as informants of suicide and 1,247 respondents as informants of community living controls, with the NCS-R measures on suicidal behaviors. The...

    journal_title:Community mental health journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1007/s10597-010-9332-2

    authors: Zhang J,Zhou L

    更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00

  • Group debriefing for people with chronic diseases during the SARS pandemic: Strength-Focused and Meaning-Oriented Approach for Resilience and Transformation (SMART).

    abstract::This study presented preliminary results on the efficacy of a novel group debriefing model called Strength-Focused and Meaning-Oriented Approach for Resilience and Transformation (SMART). The SMART debriefing (1) aimed at boosting resilience and catalyzing transformation among persons undergoing stressful events, (2) ...

    journal_title:Community mental health journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1007/s10597-005-9002-y

    authors: Ng SM,Chan TH,Chan CL,Lee AM,Yau JK,Chan CH,Lau J

    更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00

  • Cognitive behavioral therapy of minor depressive symptoms in elderly Chinese Americans: a pilot study.

    abstract::There is a high prevalence of suicide among elderly Chinese, and particularly among elderly Chinese women in Mainland China with a prevalence of 19.6 per hundred thousand. Since Chinese individuals may much more highly value education, a cognitive-behavioral package originated by Ricardo Munoz, Ph.D. was adapted for C...

    journal_title:Community mental health journal

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1023/a:1018763302198

    authors: Dai Y,Zhang S,Yamamoto J,Ao M,Belin TR,Cheung F,Hifumi SS

    更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00

  • Indications of reduced prefrontal cortical function in chronically homeless adults.

    abstract::This study investigated why some homeless individuals seem unable to transition towards self-reliance, following traditional supportive services. It was hypothesized that this may be due to some cognitive dysfunction. Chronically homeless adults were compared to controls on three tests of prefrontal competency: the Io...

    journal_title:Community mental health journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1007/s10597-013-9664-9

    authors: Davidson D,Chrosniak LD,Wanschura P,Flinn JM

    更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00

  • Factors Influencing Time Lag Between Initial Parental Concern and First Visit to Child Psychiatric Services Among ADHD Children in Japan.

    abstract::The aim of this study was to examine the factors associated with a time lag between initial parental concern about ADHD symptoms and the first visit to a hospital in Japan that offers child psychiatric services. We investigated the demographic characteristic, symptoms, diagnosis, and healthcare system factors includin...

    journal_title:Community mental health journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1007/s10597-014-9803-y

    authors: Yamauchi Y,Fujiwara T,Okuyama M

    更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00

  • Integrating Psychosocial Support for Children in the Education Sector in Zambia: Lessons from the Programme Implementation Process.

    abstract::Literature suggests that psychosocial support programmes can improve wellbeing and mental health among learners. There is however limited documentation on methodologies and factors that shape integration of such programmes within the education sector. This qualitative study aimed to contribute towards addressing this ...

    journal_title:Community mental health journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1007/s10597-020-00682-9

    authors: Zulu JM,Munsaka E,Okonji E,Gaillard C,Ngoma K,Mwamba M,Mudekunye L

    更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00

  • An experiment in police-community relations: A small group approach.

    abstract::To study the effectiveness of group discussion in mitigating the rising hostility between police and residents of the urban ghetto, two 15-member groups of police and ghetto residents held weekly discussions, led and observed by university researchers, for 12 weeks. Attitude scales administered at the beginning and en...

    journal_title:Community mental health journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1007/BF01420022

    authors: Lipsitt PD,Steinbruner M

    更新日期:1969-04-01 00:00:00

  • Primary prevention in community mental health centers: a survey of current activity.

    abstract::About half of the current activity in consultation and education services of community mental health centers can be classified as primary prevention. Using a framework that distinguishes between institutional-level interventions (caretaker training and program consultation) and individual-level interventions (dealing ...

    journal_title:Community mental health journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1007/BF01422536

    authors: Vayda AM,Perlmutter FD

    更新日期:1977-01-01 00:00:00

  • The ombudsman: a serendipitous mental health intervention.

    abstract::It is proposed that the ombudsman program, originally conceived of as a protection of the political rights of individual citizens, can be profitably viewed as a primary prevention of psychological disorders. The ombudsman attempts to alleviate reality problems prior to the onset of psychological disruption by engaging...

    journal_title:Community mental health journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1007/BF02161197

    authors: Wolkon GH,Moriwaki S

    更新日期:1977-10-01 00:00:00