Abstract:
:The skull is distinguished from other parts of the skeleton by its composite construction. The sutures between bony elements provide for interstitial growth of the cranium, but at the same time they alter the transmission of stress and strain through the skull. Strain gages were bonded to the frontal and parietal bones of miniature pigs and across the interfrontal, interparietal and coronal sutures. Strains were recorded 1) during natural mastication in conjunction with electromyographic activity from the jaw muscles and 2) during stimulation of various cranial muscles in anesthetized animals. Vault sutures exhibited vastly higher strains than did the adjoining bones. Further, bone strain primarily reflected torsion of the braincase set up by asymmetrical muscle contraction; the tensile axis alternated between +45 degrees and -45 degrees depending on which diagonal masseter/temporalis pair was most active. However, suture strains were not related to overall torsion but instead were responses to local muscle actions. Only the coronal suture showed significant strain (tension) during jaw opening; this was caused by the contraction of neck muscles. All sutures showed strain during jaw closing, but polarity depended on the pattern of muscle usage. For example, masseter contraction tensed the coronal suture and the anterior part of the interfrontal suture, whereas the temporalis caused compression in these locations. Peak tensile strains were larger than peak compressive strains. Histology suggested that the skull is bent at the sutures, with the ectocranial surface tensed and the endocranial surface predominantly compressed. Collectively, these results indicate that skulls with patent sutures should be analyzed as complexes of independent parts rather than solid structures.
journal_name
Am J Phys Anthropoljournal_title
American journal of physical anthropologyauthors
Herring SW,Teng Sdoi
10.1002/1096-8644(200008)112:4<575::AID-AJPA10>3.0subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-08-01 00:00:00pages
575-93issue
4eissn
0002-9483issn
1096-8644pii
10.1002/1096-8644(200008)112:4<575::AID-AJPA10>3.0journal_volume
112pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Ancient genomes from multiple Neanderthal and the Denisovan individuals, along with DNA sequence data from diverse contemporary human populations strongly support the prevalence of gene flow among different hominins. Recent studies now provide evidence for multiple gene flow events that leave genetic signatures in ext...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
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journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
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journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
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journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
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journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
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更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.21320
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.20824
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1978-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
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更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
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更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1977-11-01 00:00:00
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