Facilitation, augmentation and potentiation at central synapses.

abstract：:In a series of seminal behavioral and electrophysiological experiments, Knudsen and Konishi studied the mechanisms of hearing. Their 1979 article showed how the barn owl utilizes unique anatomical features for creating a systematic internal representation of auditory space. This established the barn owl as a prime mod...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Grothe B

更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A large body of evidence suggests that neural plasticity contributes to learning and disease. Recent studies suggest that cortical map plasticity is typically a transient phase that improves learning by increasing the pool of task-relevant responses. Here, I discuss a new perspective on neural plasticity and suggest h...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Kilgard MP

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sensory dendrites fall into many different morphological and functional classes. Polymodal nociceptors are one subclass of sensory neurons, which are of particular note owing to their elaborate dendritic arbors. Complex developmental programs are required to form these arbors and there is striking conservation of morp...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Hall DH,Treinin M

更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rett syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder that primarily affects females and is caused by mutations in the methyl-CpG-binding-protein 2 (MECP2) gene. Initially, MeCP2 had been shown to be a repressor of gene transcription. In their 2008 paper, Chahrour and colleagues (DOI: 10.1126/science.1153252) reported that M...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Horvath PM,Monteggia LM

更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to map functional activity in the living human brain has rekindled interest in the organization of human neural circuitry specifically and in animal neural circuitry generally. Faced with incredible complexity, researchers are turning to the power of computer graphics for two- and three-dimensional interac...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Swanson LW

更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neural tube closure fails in both mouse and Xenopus when dishevelled and other components of the planar-cell-polarity pathway are misregulated. The underlying defect involves a failure of convergent extension in the midline of the early neural plate. Although bilateral neural folds form, they are abnormally far apart ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Copp AJ,Greene ND,Murdoch JN

更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The nervous system contains a diverse group of cells. Specification of the correct cell fate is obviously important for the proper function of the nervous system, yet how are the fates of different neurons determined during development? Very little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms used in the mammali...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Jan YN,Jan LY

更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dynamic alterations in the structure of the neuronal cytoskeleton are necessary for axonal growth and guidance during development and may also be involved in modulation of synaptic function. Recent evidence suggests that the structural and mechanochemical properties of the cytoskeletal protein, actin, are critical to ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Forscher P

更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Short-term synaptic plasticity has a key role in information processing in the CNS, whereas memories can be formed through long-lasting changes in synaptic strength. Despite the importance of these phenomena, it remains difficult to determine whether a synaptic modulation is expressed at a presynaptic or postsynaptic ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Clements JD,Silver RA

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review focuses on the epileptic human temporal lobe, primarily on recent findings related to changes in hippocampal GABAergic interneuron circuits that have a central role in epileptogenesis. Relying on correlations to animal studies, we provide a functional interpretation of the different changes in perisomatic ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Maglóczky Z,Freund TF

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Major themes in neuroethology concern the specificity of key stimuli, neurones tuned to such stimuli, and the release of corresponding behaviour. Neurobiological data from the analysis of visuomotor functions of prey-catching and avoiding in amphibians support the view that retinal outflow in different combinations is...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Ewert JP

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Serotonin is an important neuromodulator associated with a wide range of physiological effects in the central nervous system. The exact mechanisms whereby serotonin influences brain development are not well understood, although studies in invertebrate and vertebrate model organisms are beginning to unravel a regulator...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Daubert EA,Condron BG

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For several decades, the reactive gliosis that occurs after an injury to the CNS has been considered one of the major impediments to axonal regeneration. Nevertheless, recent studies have suggested that in certain conditions, reactive astrocytes may provide a permissive substratum to support axonal regrowth. The impor...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Ridet JL,Malhotra SK,Privat A,Gage FH

更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:P2X receptors are cation-selective ion channels that open on binding to extracellular ATP; they play a role in fast synaptic transmission between neurones, and from autonomic nerves to smooth muscles. Isolation of cDNAs that encode P2X receptors in the smooth muscle of vas deferens and in phaeochromocytoma cells indic...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Surprenant A,Buell G,North RA

更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Systematic genetic screens have been powerful tools in identifying genes responsible for axon guidance in fruitflies and nematodes. This approach has now been extended to the study of axon guidance and the formation of topographic neuronal connections in the vertebrate brain. A systematic genetic screen was used to id...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Karlstrom RO,Trowe T,Bonhoeffer F

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Benzodiazepines are widely used clinically to treat anxiety and insomnia. They also induce muscle relaxation, control epileptic seizures, and can produce amnesia. Moreover, benzodiazepines are often abused after chronic clinical treatment and also for recreational purposes. Within weeks, tolerance to the pharmacologic...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Tan KR,Rudolph U,Lüscher C

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Current emphasis on odorant physiochemical features as the basis for perception largely ignores the synthetic and experience-dependent nature of olfaction. Olfaction is synthetic, as mammals have only limited ability to identify elements within even simple odor mixtures. Furthermore, olfaction is experience-bound, as ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Wilson DA,Stevenson RJ

更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In 1983 Libet et al. demonstrated that brain activity associated with a voluntary act precedes conscious experience of the intention to act by several hundred milliseconds. The implication that it is the brain, rather than 'free will', that initiates voluntary acts has been discussed ever since by philosophers and law...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Frith CD,Haggard P

更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:High levels of expression of Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase C (PKC) occur in neuronal tissues and play a strategic role in the modulation of short- and long-term functions (ion channels, receptor desensitization, neurotransmitter release and synaptic efficiency) that become modified during the brain ageing...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Battaini F,Pascale A,Paoletti R,Govoni S

更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The endoplasmic reticulum responds to stress by initiating a cascade of events known as the 'unfolded-protein response' (UPR). The accumulation of misfolded proteins in the leukodystrophy Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease activates this stress response, resulting in apoptosis of oligodendrocytes. Although it remains uncert...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Forman MS,Lee VM,Trojanowski JQ

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurological diseases, including global ischemia, Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, are characterized by selective patterns of neurodegeneration. Most studies of potential glutamate-receptor-mediated contributions to disease have focused on the highly Ca2+-permeable and widely distributed NMDA-rec...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Weiss JH,Sensi SL

更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The colors perceived by humans in response to light stimuli are generally described in terms of four color categories (reds, greens, blues and yellows), the members of which are systematically arrayed around gray. This broadly accepted description of color sensation differs fundamentally from the light that induces it...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Lotto RB,Purves D

更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recognition of foreign or misplaced nucleic acids is one of the principal modes by which the immune system detects pathogenic entities. When cytosolic DNA is sensed, a signal is relayed via the cGAS-STING pathway: this involves the activation of cyclic GMP-AMP (cGMP-AMP) synthase (cGAS) and generation of the cyclic di...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Paul BD,Snyder SH,Bohr VA

更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunoglobulin superfamily adhesion molecules are among the most abundant proteins in vertebrate and invertebrate nervous systems. Prominent family members are the neural cell adhesion molecules NCAM and L1, which were the first to be shown to be essential not only in development but also in synaptic function and as k...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Sytnyk V,Leshchyns'ka I,Schachner M

更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intensive mapping of the essential cerebellar brain circuits for Pavlovian eyeblink conditioning appeared relatively complete by 2000, but new data indicate the need for additional differentiation of cerebellar regions and mechanisms coding delay and trace conditioning. This is especially important, as trace condition...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Woodruff-Pak DS,Disterhoft JF

更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In adult rodents, subventricular zone (SVZ) astrocytes (B cells) function as primary progenitors in the generation of new neurons that migrate to the olfactory bulb (OB), where they differentiate into multiple types of interneurons. It has been generally considered that individual adult SVZ stem cells are capable of g...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Lledo PM,Merkle FT,Alvarez-Buylla A

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell replacement therapy has been proposed as a means to replace lost dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). In most studies, the transplanted cells have been placed within the target site, the striatum, and not within the lesioned site, the substantia nigra, as the adult nigrostriatal pathway was thought t...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Gaillard A,Jaber M

更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since early anatomical descriptions, the existence of dendritic spines has stimulated intense curiosity and speculation about their regulation and function. Research over the past three decades has described an impressive mutability in dendritic-spine number and morphology under a variety of physiological circumstance...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Halpain S

更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A variety of fatty acids regulate the activity of specific ion channels by mechanisms not involving the enzymatic pathways that convert arachidonic acid to oxygenated metabolites. Furthermore, these actions of fatty acids occur in patches of membrane excised from the cell and are not mediated by cellular signal transd...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Ordway RW,Singer JJ,Walsh JV Jr

更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Among the many calcium-binding proteins in the nervous system, parvalbumin, calbindin-D28K and calretinin are particularly striking in their abundance and in the specificity of their distribution. They can be found in different subsets of neurons in many brain regions. Although it is not yet known whether they play a ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Baimbridge KG,Celio MR,Rogers JH

更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00