Abstract：
:Modern pharmaceutical delivery systems are intended to produce plasma drug concentration versus time profiles that result in optimum therapeutic efficacy and a minimum of drug concentration-dependent adverse effects. To accomplish this requires that the drug delivery rate and temporal profile be based on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of the specific medicinal agent. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters are subject to considerable interindividual variability. Whereas the importance of pharmacokinetic variability is generally recognized, the significance of pharmacodynamic variability (i.e., variability in the relationship between effect intensity and drug concentration) is not as widely appreciated. Pharmacodynamic variability is typically quite large, reproducible, and often substantially exceeds the relative magnitude of pharmacokinetic variability. This article consists of a review of how to assess pharmacodynamic variability, clinical examples of pharmacodynamic variability of drugs with a wide range of indications, and an outline of mechanisms of pharmacodynamic variability.
journal_name
Adv Drug Deliv Revjournal_title
Advanced drug delivery reviewsauthors
Levy Gdoi
10.1016/s0169-409x(98)00028-3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-09-07 00:00:00pages
201-206issue
3eissn
0169-409Xissn
1872-8294pii
S0169-409X(98)00028-3journal_volume
33pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Transferrin receptor has been an important protein for many of the advances made in understanding the intricacies of the intramolecular sorting pathways of endocytosed molecules. The unique internalization and recycling functions of transferrin receptor have also made it an attractive choice for drug targeting and del...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2003.07.004
更新日期：2003-11-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Tissue engineering aims to provide structural and biomolecular cues to compromised tissues through scaffolds. An emerging biomolecular cue is that of RNA interference by which the expression of genes can be silenced through a potent endogenous pathway. Recombinant viral-based approaches in RNAi delivery exist; however...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2011.01.006
更新日期：2011-04-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Over recent years the research focus within the field of respiratory drug delivery has broadened to include a wide range of potential applications for inhalation by delivering drugs not just onto the lung mucosa but across it. The range of drugs being assessed is broad and includes both current and novel therapies and...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2007.08.023
更新日期：2007-09-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Unraveling the mechanisms of nanoparticle transport across the intestinal barrier is essential for designing more efficient nanoparticles for oral administration. The physicochemical parameters of the nanoparticles (e.g., size, surface charge, chemical composition) dictate nanoparticle fate across the intestinal barri...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2016.04.014
更新日期：2016-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Microbubbles are used as ultrasonic contrast agents that enhance the ultrasound signals of the vascular bed. The recent development of site-targeted microbubbles opened up the possibility for molecular imaging as well as localised drug and gene delivery. Initially the microbubbles' physical properties and their respon...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2008.03.011
更新日期：2008-06-30 00:00:00
abstract：:The encapsulation of liquids and semi-solids provides solutions for convenient delivery through improved oral absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs. In addition, low dose (content uniformity), highly potent (containment), low melting point drugs, those with a critical stability profile and those for which a delayed...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2007.09.009
更新日期：2008-03-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Endogenous regenerative technology (Endoret) involves the use of patient's own biologically active proteins, growth factors and biomaterial scaffolds for therapeutic purposes. This technology provides a new approach for the stimulation and acceleration of tissue healing and bone regeneration. The versatility and bioco...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2010.01.001
更新日期：2010-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite advances in medicine and biomedical sciences, cancer still remains a major health issue. Complex interactions between tumors and their microenvironment contribute to tumor initiation and progression and also contribute to the development of drug resistant tumor cell populations. The complexity and heterogeneit...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2014.07.002
更新日期：2014-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Discrete Element Modelling (DEM) studies relevant to inhaled drug delivery are reviewed. CFD is widely used in device design to determine airflow patterns and turbulence levels. CFD is also used to simulate particles and droplets, which are subjected to various forces, turbulence...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2011.10.004
更新日期：2012-03-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Novel drug delivery systems based on microtechnology have advanced tremendously, but yet face some technological and societal hurdles to fully achieve their potential. The novel drug delivery systems aim to deliver drugs in a spatiotemporal- and dosage-controlled manner with a goal to address the unmet medical needs f...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2017.11.003
更新日期：2018-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Molecular imaging is an emerging technology that allows the visualization of interactions between molecular probes and biological targets. Molecules that either direct or are subject to homeostatic controls in biological systems could be labeled with the appropriate radioisotopes for the quantitative measurement of se...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2010.09.007
更新日期：2010-08-30 00:00:00
abstract：:We review the early developments in drug delivery from 1960 to 1990 with emphasis on the fundamental aspects of the field and how they shaped the collaboration of pharmaceutical scientists, chemists, biologists, engineers and medical scientists towards the development of advanced drug delivery systems. Emphasis is giv...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2012.09.040
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transcriptional targeting using a mammalian cellular promoter to restrict transgene expression to target cells is often desirable for gene therapy. This strategy is, however, hindered by relatively weak activity of some cellular promoters, which may lead to low levels of gene expression, thus declining therapeutic eff...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2009.02.007
更新日期：2009-07-02 00:00:00
abstract：:One of the most common causes of illnesses in humans is from respiratory tract infections caused by bacterial, viral or fungal pathogens. Inhaled anti-infective drugs are crucial for the prophylaxis and treatment of respiratory tract infections. The benefit of anti-infective drug delivery via inhalation is that it aff...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2014.11.004
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The delivery of biologics is an important component in the treatment of osteoarthritis and the functional restoration of articular cartilage. Numerous factors have been implicated in the cartilage repair process, but the uncontrolled delivery of these factors may not only reduce their full reparative potential but can...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2014.06.006
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Estrogens regulate growth and development through the action of two distinct estrogen receptors (ERs), ERα and ERβ, which mediate proliferation and differentiation of cells. For decades, ERα mediated estrogen signaling has been therapeutically targeted to treat breast cancer, most notably with the selective estrogen r...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2010.08.001
更新日期：2010-10-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Gene and antisense/ribozyme therapy possesses tremendous potential for the successful treatment of genetically based diseases, such as cancer. Several cancer gene therapy strategies have already been realized in vitro, as well as in vivo. A few have even reached the stage of clinical trials, most of them phase I, whil...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0169-409x(02)00046-7
更新日期：2002-09-13 00:00:00
abstract：:For poorly water soluble drugs, the amorphous state provides an avenue to enhance oral bioavailability. The preparation method, in addition to sample history, can dictate the nature and the stability of the amorphous phase. Conventionally, X-ray powder diffractometry is of limited utility for characterization, but str...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2015.12.013
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The humble origins of the propellant driven metered dose inhaler, as a response to a child's enquiry, initiated an industry which supplies approximately a half billion inhalers globally for the treatment of asthma. These inhalers fall into three major groups: nebulizers; propellant driven metered dose inhalers and dry...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0169-409x(03)00077-2
更新日期：2003-07-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Hydrogels prepared via self-assembly offer scalable and tunable platforms for drug delivery applications. Molecular-scale self-assembly leverages an interplay of attractive and repulsive forces; drugs and other active molecules can be incorporated into such materials by partitioning in hydrophobic domains, affinity-me...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2021.01.006
更新日期：2021-01-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Hydrogels have been used primarily in the pharmaceutical field as carriers for delivery of various drugs, peptides and proteins. These systems have included stimuli-responsive gels that exhibit reversible swelling behavior and hence can show modulated release in response to external stimuli such as pH, temperature, io...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0169-409x(01)00246-0
更新日期：2002-01-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Thioredoxin 1 (Trx 1) is a redox-active small protein ubiquitously present in human body. It is one of the defensive proteins induced in response to various stress conditions. In addition to its anti-oxidative effect by dithiol-disulfide exchange in its active site, Trx 1 has anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effec...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2009.01.003
更新日期：2009-04-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Infectious diseases are prevalent in the developing world and are one of the developing world's major sources of morbidity and mortality. While infectious diseases can initiate in a localized region, they can spread rapidly at any moment due to the ease of traveling from one part of the world to the next. This could l...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2009.11.015
更新日期：2010-03-18 00:00:00
abstract：:The percentage of new chemical entities synthesised with low aqueous solubility and high therapeutic efficacy is growing, this presents major challenges for the drug delivery scientists. The role of physicochemical properties in identification of suitable drug candidates for oral lipid-based delivery systems is discus...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2007.10.012
更新日期：2008-03-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Traditional anticancer therapies are often unable to completely eradicate the tumor bulk due to multi-drug resistance (MDR) of cancers. A number of mechanisms such as micro-environmental stress and overexpression of drug efflux pumps are involved in the MDR process. Hence, therapeutic strategies for overcoming MDR are...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2018.04.005
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is characterized by progressive cyst growth and is a leading cause of renal failure worldwide. Currently, there are limited therapeutic options available to PKD patients, and only one drug, tolvaptan, has been FDA-approved to slow cyst progression. Similar to other small molecule drugs,...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2020.08.011
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Endosomes and lysosomes play a critical role in various aspects of cell physiology such as nutrient sensing, receptor recycling, protein/lipid catabolism, and cell death. In drug delivery, endosomal release of therapeutic payloads from nanocarriers is also important in achieving efficient delivery of drugs to reach th...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2016.08.014
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Successfully translating anti-cancer nanomedicines from pre-clinical proof of concept to demonstration of therapeutic value in the clinic is challenging. Having made significant advances with drug delivery technologies, we must learn from other areas of oncology drug development, where patient stratification and targe...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2016.04.025
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gene delivery to bone is useful both as an experimental tool and as a potential therapeutic strategy. Among its advantages over protein delivery are the potential for directed, sustained and regulated expression of authentically processed, nascent proteins. Although no clinical trials have been initiated, there is a s...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2012.03.013
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Newborn babies can require significant amounts of medication containing excipients intended to improve the drug formulation. Most medicines given to neonates have been developed for adults or older children and contain excipients thought to be safe in these age groups. Many excipients have been used widely in neonates...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2013.11.003
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
