Abstract：
:We describe a method for estimating the average proportion of GABAergic terminal area relative to total nerve terminal area with confocal microscopy. Nerve terminal regions were identified with dual colour immunofluorescence on Vibratome sections with an antibody to synaptophysin (SYN), and GABAergic processes, including axon terminals, were identified with an antibody to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). Sections were viewed in an Olympus AX70 microscope attached to a Biorad 1024 MRC scanning confocal system. Images were collected with a 100 x objective from the same tissue locations and imported into the NIH-Image program, where black and white binary images were obtained for co-localisation and quantitation. Measurements were made separately of areas of SYN/GAD (GABAergic terminals) and SYN labelling (all terminals). The relative proportion of GABAergic terminal areas in visual cortex (6.1+/-1%; mean +/- SE), CA1 hippocampus (2.6+/-0.5%) and deep cerebellar nuclei (46.6+/-3%) are consistent with what is known of the relative levels of inhibitory input to these structures. The assumptions that SYN labelling is restricted to axon terminals, and that SYN labels all axon terminals was tested by ultrastructural localisation of SYN in the three brain regions examined. Only 7.4+/-0.4% of SYN-labelled profiles could not be positively identified as synaptic vesicle-containing axon terminals, and between 93.4 and 99.2% of vesiculated axon profiles were SYN-positive. These results suggest that SYN is a very reliable marker for axon terminals, and validates the confocal analytical approach. The confocal method allows rapid sampling of many brain regions and would be suitable for examining terminals containing any neurotransmitter that can be detected immunocytochemically.
journal_name
J Neurosci Methodsjournal_title
Journal of neuroscience methodsauthors
Hiscock JJ,Murphy S,Willoughby JOdoi
10.1016/s0165-0270(99)00163-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-01-31 00:00:00pages
1-11issue
1eissn
0165-0270issn
1872-678Xpii
S0165-0270(99)00163-6journal_volume
95pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:Compared to previous neuropsychological investigations with standard paper-pen tests limited to test complex spatial learning and memory processes, 3-D virtual immersive technology might offer new tools for research purposes and for diagnosis in patients suffering from mild cognitive impairment or dementia. ...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
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abstract：BACKGROUND:The sound fed to a loudspeaker may significantly differ from that reaching the ear of the listener. The transformation from one to the other consists of spectral distortions with strong dependence on the relative locations of the speaker and the listener as well as on the geometry of the environment. With th...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
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journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
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journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
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journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
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journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
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journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
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journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2004.12.003
更新日期：2005-06-30 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.07.015
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journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2009.04.012
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journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2015-03-30 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
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journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
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journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
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doi：10.1016/0165-0270(89)90109-x
更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
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journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
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journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
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doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.01.013
更新日期：2014-03-30 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
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journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
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journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
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更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.11.009
更新日期：2009-03-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Zebra finches have been widely used to study neurobiology underlying vocal development. Because only male zebra finches learn song, efficient developmental use of these animals requires early determination of sex at ages that precede maturation of secondary sex characteristics. We have developed a sex determination me...
journal_title：Journal of neuroscience methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
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