Abstract:
:The derivation of alanine in fibroin was investigated using NMR and selective isotopic labelling. 2H2O infused orally into 5th instar larvae was incorporated into the proton of the methyl group of alanine in fibroin. Proton exchange among alanine, glycine and serine was also found. Incorporation of 13C from [2-(13)C]acetate into alanine C2 and C3 and glycine C2 in fibroin, and also C4 of free glutamine plus glutamate was observed in vivo. Hemolymph contained a peak for C4 of glutamate plus glutamine, and an alanine C3 peak appeared transiently. Thus, it is suggested that the C-skeleton of alanine formed was derived from L-malate via the TCA-cycle, and that this alanine is utilized in part for fibroin synthesis. Spectra of the hemolymph extract of larvae infused orally with [15N2]urea showed no 15N-compounds, whereas those of larvae injected subcutaneously showed only one peak of urea, whose intensity decreased with time, as shown in the in vivo spectra of a living larva infused with [15N2]urea. The solution NMR spectrum of fibroin showed no 15N-labelled compounds. Temporal changes in the peak intensities of six compounds in the spectra of a living larva infused with [15N]ammonium demonstrated a process in which 15N was incorporated into fibroin containing 15N-alanine through the amide group of glutamine and the amino group of glutamate. Thus, alanine biosynthesis from the TCA-cycle originates mainly from water, L-malate and ammonium. The fact that no 15N-urea was detected in the hemolymph extract of larvae infused with [15N]ammonium suggests that 15N-urea found in the above in vivo spectra may be that accumulated in the hindgut. Thus, excess ammonium in the body causes the production of urea by the urea-cycle. In Samia larvae, urea was not reutilized but excreted. The metabolic relationships between the assimilation of ammonium and the function of the urea-cycle are discussed.
journal_name
Insect Biochem Mol Bioljournal_title
Insect biochemistry and molecular biologyauthors
Osanai M,Okudaira M,Naito J,Demura M,Asakura Tdoi
10.1016/s0965-1748(99)00120-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-03-01 00:00:00pages
225-32issue
3eissn
0965-1748issn
1879-0240pii
S0965174899001204journal_volume
30pub_type
杂志文章abstract::DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mechanism involved in gene expression of vertebrates and invertebrates. In general, DNA methylation profile is established by de novo DNA methyltransferases (DNMT-3A, -3B) and maintainance DNA methyltransferase (DNMT-1). DNMT-1 has a strong substrate preference for hemimethyl...
journal_title:Insect biochemistry and molecular biology
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abstract::This analysis considers the structural evidence of a ligand-binding function of the nuclear receptor ultraspiracle (USP). The positions and nature of residues in the ligand-binding domain of USP from six higher insects is evaluated in comparison to the function of conserved residues vertebrate receptors that have been...
journal_title:Insect biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::Juvenile hormone (JH) regulates reproductive maturation in insects; therefore interruption of JH biosynthesis has been considered as a strategy for the development of target-specific insecticides. The corpora allata (CA) from mosquitoes is highly specialized to supply variable levels of JH, which are linked to ovarian...
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journal_title:Insect biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0965-1748(97)00022-2
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Degenerate oligonucleotides were designed on the basis of conserved amino acid sequences in the DNA binding domains of the ecdysone receptors from Drosophila melanogaster (DmEcR) and Chironomus tentans (CtEcR). Using these oligonucleotides a fragment encoding part of the DNA binding domain of the Lucilia cuprina ecdys...
journal_title:Insect biochemistry and molecular biology
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doi:10.1016/s0965-1748(97)00019-2
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abstract::RNA interference (RNAi) has been widely employed as a useful alternative to study gene function in insects, including triatomine bugs. However, several aspects related to the RNAi mechanism and functioning are still unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the persistence and the occurrence of systemic and par...
journal_title:Insect biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2013.08.008
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Caste differentiation in the female honey bee is one of the most intriguing polyphenism phenomena. This developmental switch depends on the differential expression of entire suites of the genes involved in the larval fate between the queens and workers. In this study, we compared the transcriptome differences between ...
journal_title:Insect biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2012.05.004
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Messenger RNA levels of the cytochrome P450 gene CYP6A1 were measured in the insecticide resistant Diazinon-R 'Rutgers' strain and in the susceptible strain sbo of the house fly with a cloned cDNA probe. The constitutive expression of the CYP6A1 gene was at least 10 times higher in the Rutgers strain than in the sbo s...
journal_title:Insect biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0965-1748(94)90034-5
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journal_title:Insect biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2012.04.001
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journal_title:Insect biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2004.03.001
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are membrane-bound receptors that are considered prime candidates for the development of novel insect pest management strategies. However, the molecular signaling properties of insect GPCRs remain poorly understood. In fact, most studies on insect GPCR signaling are limited to analy...
journal_title:Insect biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103392
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Juvenile hormone (JH) titers must be modulated to permit the normal progress of development and reproduction in mosquitoes. In adult female Aedes aegypti, JH levels are low at adult eclosion, elevated in sugar-fed females and low again after a blood meal. Although degradation plays a role, JH titer is fundamentally de...
journal_title:Insect biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2004.03.021
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Specific binding to midgut membrane proteins is required for the toxicity of insecticidal crystal proteins (ICP) from Bacillus thuringiensis. A direct relationship between toxicity and binding has been proposed. It has been hypothesized that sharing of a single receptor by more than one ICP could lead to the occurrenc...
journal_title:Insect biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0965-1748(97)00039-8
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Molecules in the midgut of the tsetse fly (Diptera: Glossinidiae) are thought to play an important role in the life cycle of African trypanosomes by influencing their initial establishment in the midgut and subsequent differentiation events that ultimately affect parasite transmission. It is thus important to determin...
journal_title:Insect biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0965-1748(02)00063-2
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The interactions of protein components of the xenobiotic-metabolizing cytochrome P450 system, CYP6A1, P450 reductase, and cytochrome b5 from the house fly (Musca domestica) have been characterized. CYP6A1 activity is determined by the concentration of the CYP6A1-P450 reductase complex, regardless of which protein is p...
journal_title:Insect biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2008.08.007
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Insect biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2005.10.006
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Insect biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0965-1748(95)00077-1
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journal_title:Insect biochemistry and molecular biology
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journal_title:Insect biochemistry and molecular biology
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doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2008.06.005
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Insect biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Insect biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2007.04.010
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Insect biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2014.12.001
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The midgut trehalase (THA) from fifth instar Lymantria dispar (gypsy moth) larvae was purified to homogeneity by two separate methods: gel filtration followed by Rotofor preparative IEF, and affinity chromatography on trehalose coupled to Sepharose 6B followed by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Midgut ...
journal_title:Insect biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0965-1748(93)90033-o
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Insect biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2010.08.007
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacillus thuringiensis subs. israelensis produces at least three Cry toxins (Cry4Aa, Cry4Ba, and Cry11Aa) that are active against Aedes aegypti larvae. Previous work characterized a GPI-anchored alkaline phosphatase (ALP1) as a Cry11Aa binding molecule from the gut of A. aegypti larvae. We show here that Cry4Ba binds ...
journal_title:Insect biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2012.06.001
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cDNAs encoding an intestinal defensin (def1) and lysozyme (lys1) of the reduviid bug Triatoma brasiliensis have been amplified by PCR using specific oligonucleotide primers and 5'- and 3'-RACE, cloned and sequenced. The 576 bp clone has an open reading frame of 282 bp and encodes a pre-prodefensin with 94 amino ac...
journal_title:Insect biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2006.04.003
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::When the biotinylated Manduca sexta adipokinetic hormone gene was used as a probe for in situ hybridization, the intrinsic neurosecretory cells were stained with a biotin detection system that contained streptavidin or avidin. Further experiments showed that the DNA probe was not necessary for staining these cells by ...
journal_title:Insect biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0965-1748(94)00095-y
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The voltage-gated sodium channel is the primary target site of pyrethroid insecticides. In some insects, super knockdown resistance (super-kdr) to pyrethroids is caused by point mutations in the linker fragment between transmembrane segments 4 and 5 of the para-type sodium channel protein domain II (IIS4-5). Here, we ...
journal_title:Insect biochemistry and molecular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0965-1748(02)00137-6
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00