Abstract:
:The influence of low pH on inducible gene expression in Lactobacillus acidophilus was investigated by the use of differential display. Logarithmic phase cultures were exposed to pH 3.5 for various intervals, and RNA was isolated and reverse transcribed. The resultant cDNAs were subjected to PCR and the products were resolved by electrophoresis. Several cDNA products were induced after exposure to pH 3.5. One of these products, a 0.7 kb fragment, showed sequence similarity to bacterial atpBEF genes of the atp operon, whose genes encode the various subunits of the F1F0-ATPase. With the 0.7 kb differential display product as a probe, hybridizations with total RNA from untreated and acid-treated L. acidophilus verified the acid inducibility of this operon. The increase in atp mRNA induced by low pH was accompanied by an increase in the activity of the enzyme in membrane extracts. The full-length atp operon was sequenced, and its genes were in the order of atpBEFHAGDC, coding for the a, c, b, delta, alpha, gamma, beta and epsilon subunits respectively. The operon contained no i gene, but was preceded by a 122 bp intergenic space, which contained putative extended -10 and -35 promoter regions. Primer extension analysis of RNA from cultures that were shifted from pH 5.6 to pH 3. 5, and held for 0, 30 or 45 min, revealed that the transcriptional start site did not change position as a function of culture pH or time after exposure to pH 3.5. The primary structure and genetic organization indicated that the H+-ATPase of L. acidophilus is a typical F1F0-type ATPase. The similarity to streptococcal ATPases and the acid inducibility of this operon suggest that it may function in the ATP-dependent extrusion of protons and maintenance of cytoplasmic pH. Finally, the use of differential display RT-PCR was an effective approach to identify genes in L. acidophilus induced by an environmental stimulus.
journal_name
Mol Microbioljournal_title
Molecular microbiologyauthors
Kullen MJ,Klaenhammer TRdoi
10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01557.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-09-01 00:00:00pages
1152-61issue
6eissn
0950-382Xissn
1365-2958pii
mmi1557journal_volume
33pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Neuroinvasive Escherichia coli K1 synthesizes and assembles a polysialic acid capsule virulence factor on the external leaflet of the outer membrane. This capsule functions in pathogenesis by blocking non-immune host defence mechanisms and acting as a relatively non-immunogenic molecular mimic of the polysialic acid c...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1997.5651942.x
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacteria react to phosphate starvation by activating genes involved in the transport and assimilation of phosphate as well as other phosphorous compounds. Some soil bacteria have evolved an additional mechanism for saving phosphorous. Under phosphate-limiting conditions, they replace their membrane phospholipids by li...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01325.x
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fluidity and phase state of bacterial lipid bilayers commonly change in response to ambient environmental conditions to maintain the critical functions of the envelope as a semipermeable and selective boundary. A special, and intricate, set of alterations in membrane lipid metabolism is elicited by conditions caus...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.00645.x
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::citS and citT genes encoding a new two-component system were identified in the 71 degrees region between the pel and citM loci on the Bacillus subtilis chromosome. citS- and citT-deficient strains were unable to grow on minimal plates including citrate as a sole carbon source. In addition, a strain deficient in citM, ...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.02055.x
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Escherichia coli, the SeqA protein is known as a negative regulator of chromosome replication. This protein is also suggested to have a role in chromosome organization. SeqA preferentially binds to hemi-methylated DNA and is by immunofluorescence microscopy seen as foci situated at the replication factories. Loss o...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04239.x
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Translating ribosomes require elongation factor P (EF-P) to incorporate consecutive prolines (XPPX) into nascent peptide chains. The proteome of Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 contains a total of 1,468 XPPX motifs, many of which are found in proteins involved in primary and secondary metabolism. We show here th...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/mmi.14618
更新日期:2020-10-04 00:00:00
abstract::Crs5 is a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Metallothionein (MT), non-homologous to the paradigmatic Cu-thionein Cup1. Although considered a secondary copper-resistance agent, we show here that it determines survival under zinc overload in a CUP1-null background. Its overexpression prevents the deleterious effects exhibited by...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05510.x
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report selective phosphorylation of the DNA-binding domain of the Streptococcus pneumoniae transcriptional regulator RitR. RitR is annotated as a two-component response regulator, but lacks a cognate His kinase as a neighbouring locus in the genome. In addition, Asn replaces Asp at the expected acceptor site. By th...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06532.x
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In eukaryotes, frataxin deficiency (FXN) causes severe phenotypes including loss of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster protein activity, accumulation of mitochondrial iron and leads to the neurodegenerative disease Friedreich's ataxia. In contrast, in prokaryotes, deficiency in the FXN homolog, CyaY, was reported not to cause...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/mmi.12888
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A virulence-associated region in the genome of Dichelobacter nodosus has been shown to contain an integrase gene which is highly related to the integrases of Shigella flexneri phage Sf6 and coliphages P4 and phi R73, together with open reading frames (vapB, C and D) related to genes borne on plasmids in Neisseria gono...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.mmi_18020201.x
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The stable maintenance of low-copy-number plasmids requires active partitioning, with the most common mechanism in prokaryotes involving the ATPase ParA. ParA proteins undergo intricate spatiotemporal relocations across the nucleoid, dynamics that function to position plasmids at equally spaced intervals. This spacing...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07316.x
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fibronectin binding protein, FnBPA, is a multifunctional microbial surface component recognizing adhesive matrix molecule (MSCRAMM) that promotes bacterial adherence to immobilized fibrinogen and elastin via the N-terminal A domain. The binding site for fibrinogen and elastin was localized to subdomains N2N3. A th...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05552.x
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The tra operon of the prototypical F plasmid and its relatives enables transfer of a copy of the plasmid to other bacterial cells via the process of conjugation. Tra proteins assemble to form the transferosome, the transmembrane pore through which the DNA is transferred, and the relaxosome, a complex of DNA-binding pr...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2012.08131.x
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alternative oxidase (AOX) is a respiratory oxidase found in certain eukaryotes and bacteria; however, its role in bacterial physiology is unclear. Exploiting the genetic tractability of the bacterium Vibrio fischeri, we explore the regulation of aox expression and AOX function. Using quantitative PCR and reporter assa...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07194.x
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The classic expression pattern of the Fis global regulatory protein during batch culture consists of a high peak in the early logarithmic phase of growth, followed by a sharp decrease through mid-exponential growth phase until Fis is almost undetectable at the end of the exponential phase. We discovered that this patt...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05916.x
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is highly adapted to cope with the oxidative stress to which it is exposed during the erythrocytic stages of its life cycle. This includes the defence against oxidative insults arising from the parasite's metabolism of haemoglobin which results in the formation of reactive ox...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04257.x
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Encased within the 280 kb genome in the capsid of the giant myovirus φKZ is an unusual cylindrical proteinaceous 'inner body' of highly ordered structure. We present here mass spectrometry, bioinformatic and biochemical studies that reveal novel information about the φKZ head and the complex inner body. The identifica...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2012.08025.x
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::NalC is a TetR type regulator that represses the multidrug efflux pump MexAB-OprM in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Here we explain the mechanism of NalC-mediated regulation of MexAB-OprM. We show that NalC non-covalently binds chlorinated phenols and chemicals containing chlorophenol side-chains such as triclosan. NalC-chlo...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07544.x
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Type III secretion systems (T3SSs) are protein injection devices essential for the interaction of many Gram-negative bacteria with eukaryotic cells. While Shigella assembles its T3SS when the environmental conditions are appropriate for invasion, secretion is only activated after physical contact with a host cell. Fir...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/mmi.12124
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chlamydiae are bacterial parasites that carry out a distinct developmental cycle within host cells; however, the mechanisms by which these organisms regulate stage-specific gene expression are not known. We identified a DNA element located between nucleotide (nt) -135 and -90 upstream from the transcription start poin...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02531.x
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fungal cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes are promising tools for industrial hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass; however, the regulatory network underlying their production is not well understood. The recent discovery of the transcriptional activators ClrB and McmA in Aspergillus nidulans implied a novel regulato...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/mmi.13493
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A promoter controlling expression of the pristinamycin multidrug resistance gene (ptr), originally isolated from Streptomyces pristinaespiralis, is inducible by many toxic compounds in various Streptomyces species. Studies of ptr promoter control were carried out in the heterologous host, Streptomyces lividans. In S. ...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.mmi_17061109.x
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 17400 produces pyoverdine under iron-limiting conditions. A Tn5 mutant, 2G11, produced lower amounts of different pyoverdine forms and was unable to grow under iron limitation caused by ethylenediamine-di(o-hydroxy-phenylacetic acid) (EDDHA) or zinc. This mutant was complemented by a 9.6 k...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1996.391399.x
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The DnaA protein, which initiates chromosomal replication in Escherichia coli, is negatively regulated by both the sliding clamp of DNA polymerase III holoenzyme and the IdaB protein. We have found that, when the amount of minichromosome is limited in an in vitro replication system, minichromosomal replication-stimula...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02378.x
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Listeria monocytogenes grows in the cytosol of mammalian cells and spreads from cell to cell without exiting the intracellular milieu. During cell-cell spread, bacteria become transiently entrapped in double-membrane vacuoles. Escape from these vacuoles is mediated in part by a bacterial phospholipase C (PC-PLC), whos...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01708.x
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although diminutive in size, bacteria possess highly diverse and spatially confined cellular structures. Two related alphaproteobacteria, Sinorhizobium meliloti and Caulobacter crescentus, serve as models for investigating the genetic basis of morphological variations. S. meliloti, a symbiont of leguminous plants, syn...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2012.08064.x
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::SpsA, a pneumococcal surface protein belonging to the family of choline-binding proteins, interacts specifically with secretory immunglobulin A (SIgA) via the secretory component (SC). SIgA and free SC from mouse, rat, rabbit and guinea-pig failed to interact with SpsA indicating species-specific binding to human SIgA...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01897.x
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Among enteric bacteria, the ability to grow on N-acetyl-galactosamine (GalNAc or Aga) and on D-galactosamine (GalN or Gam) differs. Thus, strains B, C and EC3132 of Escherichia coli are Aga+ Gam+ whereas E. coli K-12 is Aga- Gam-, similarly to Klebsiella pneumoniae KAY2026, Klebsiella oxytoca M5a1 and Salmonella typhi...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01969.x
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ustilago maydis, the causal agent of corn smut disease, displays dimorphic growth in which it alternates between a budding haploid saprophyte and a filamentous dikaryotic pathogen. We are interested in identifying the genetic determinants of filamentous growth and pathogenicity in U. maydis. To do this, we have taken ...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01610.x
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::IS231 constitutes a family of insertion sequences widespread among Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies. Three new IS231 variants have been isolated from B. thuringiensis subspecies finitimus (IS231 D and E) and israelensis (IS231F). Like the previously described IS231A, B and C, these 1.7 kb elements display single open...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01369.x
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00