Abstract：
:CD and UC represent a spectrum of chronic IBD that present in protean ways and are accompanied by a variety of systemic sequelae. Sulfasalazine and the newer 5-aminosalicylates are important in the management of mild-to-moderate disease, whereas corticosteroids remain the primary therapy for most patients with moderate-to-severe disease (Tables 2-5). The toxicities associated with long-term steroid therapy, combined with their ineffectiveness as maintenance medications, have led to increased use of immunomodulators, such as azathioprine and 6-MP, for the treatment of steroid-dependent and steroid-resistant IBD. Infliximab is a novel therapeutic adjunct for chronically active and fistulizing CD that will herald a new era of biologic therapy for IBD. Meanwhile, CSA remains an alternative to urgent colectomy in severe UC unresponsive to corticosteroids and also for CD patients with severe disease or refractory fistulas. Finally, continued insights into the etiopathogenic pathways in IBD will provide evolving and innovative approaches until the eventual causes and cures are elucidated. In the meantime, clinicians should remain optimistic regarding current ability to reduce the morbidity and maintain the quality of life for patients suffering with these frustrating diseases.
journal_name
Gastroenterol Clin North Amjournal_title
Gastroenterology clinics of North Americaauthors
Stein RB,Hanauer SBdoi
10.1016/s0889-8553(05)70058-3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-06-01 00:00:00pages
297-321issue
2eissn
0889-8553issn
1558-1942pii
S0889-8553(05)70058-3journal_volume
28pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Autoimmune pancreatitis is the pancreatic manifestation of a systemic disorder that affects various organs, including the bile duct, retroperitoneum, kidney, and parotid and lacrimal glands. It represents a recently described subset of chronic pancreatitis that is immune mediated and has unique histologic, morphologic...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.gtc.2008.02.004
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:QOL assessment in oncology has made great strides in recent years. There was a difficult time initially, during which QOL tools were "thrown in" to many clinical trials as an afterthought, without a pre-specified scientific question. As expected from such a scattershot approach, the results were underwhelming and disa...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gtc.2005.12.010
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of high-frequency ultrasound transducers combined with manometry in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract has yielded important findings concerning the anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology of the high-pressure zone of the gastroesophageal junction and the sphincteric muscles within. These transducers have made p...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gtc.2007.07.008
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ischemic injury to the gastrointestinal tract can threaten bowel viability with potential catastrophic consequences, including intestinal necrosis and gangrene. The presenting symptoms and signs are relatively nonspecific and diagnosis requires a high index of clinical suspicion. AMI often results from an embolus or t...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0889-8553(03)00093-1
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients with chest pain of presumed esophageal origin should be reassured and should undergo an esophageal manometry study. In patients with spastic esophageal disorders, a trial with calcium channel blockers or low-dose antidepressants used as visceral analgesics is the best approach. Inpatients with non GERD-relate...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0889-8553(03)00127-4
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The goal of nutritional support in acute pancreatitis is to reduce inflammation, prevent nutritional depletion, correct a negative nitrogen balance, and improve outcomes. Enteral nutrition (EN) in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) should be preferred to parenteral nutrition. It maintains the integrity of the gut barrier...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gtc.2017.10.002
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Individuals with a genetic predisposition to Crohn's disease develop aberrant immune responses to environmental triggers. The gastrointestinal microbiota is increasingly recognized to play an important role in the development of Crohn's disease. Decrease in global gut microbial diversity and specific bacterial alterat...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gtc.2017.05.004
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is steroid-responsive fibroinflammatory disorder of the pancreas. There are 2 distinct subtypes of AIP, types 1 and 2. Type 1 is associated with systemic immunoglobulin (Ig)G4 disease and may affect multiple organs in the body. Type 2 is confined to the pancreas and shows an association w...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gtc.2018.04.007
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute acalculous cholecystitis (ACC) can develop with or without gallstones after surgery and in critically ill or injured patients. Diabetes mellitus, malignant disease, abdominal vasculitis, congestive heart failure, cholesterol embolization, shock, and cardiac arrest also have been associated with AAC. The pathogen...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gtc.2010.02.012
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gtc.2010.02.003
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0889-8553(05)70110-2
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The application of EUS has improved the way we evaluate and manage patients with rectal cancer. EUS has substantially greater sensitivity than CT in detecting advanced T stage tumors. Such improved sensitivity results in changes in preoperative therapy that would not otherwise have occurred without EUS. Although the a...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0889-8553(02)00050-x
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intestine transplant is indicated for patients with intestinal failure who are unable to be weaned from parenteral nutrition (PN). Long-term PN, although life sustaining in many patients, can be associated with life-threatening complications including PN-associated liver disease (PNALD). Most patients are not consider...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gtc.2007.01.001
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0889-8553(05)70153-9
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article highlights the different dietary approaches that have evolved and become popular over the past few years. Whether these are fads or truly represent important changes in the way peo-ple eat and that ultimately will lead to a lower rate of obesity and improved health is impossible to know. ...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gtc.2004.12.007
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Because functional bowel disorders have no reliable markers, they must be defined by their symptoms. The various constellations of symptoms (syndromes) may have different mechanisms, differential diagnoses, and treatments. Therefore, precise classification is important on clinical and scientific grounds. Functional bo...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Crohn's disease is not medically (and is rarely surgically) curable. Patients do, however, live a normal life span. The goal of therapy is to optimize the quality of life, minimize disease activity and disease-related complications, and avoid therapeutic toxicity. ...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0889-8553(01)00011-5
更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effort to improve outcomes in esophageal cancer has included attempts at improving staging and patient selection. 2-Deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-Dglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) has been extensively studied in this context and has been widely accepted as a staging tool. Its role in restaging or assessing t...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gtc.2009.01.007
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic pelvic pain is pain lasting longer than 6 months and is estimated to occur in 15% of women. Causes of pelvic pain include disorders of gynecologic, urologic, gastroenterologic, and musculoskeletal systems. The multidisciplinary nature of chronic pelvic pain may complicate diagnosis and treatment. Treatments va...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gtc.2013.08.005
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are usually recognized by characteristic neurologic and metabolic manifestations and sometimes by dysmorphism. However, IEMs can present with a wide variety of gastrointestinal manifestations, whether as the primary or a minor clinical symptom. Regardless, gastrointestinal and hepati...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gtc.2019.02.001
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although significant strides have been made in the surgical technique of orthotopic liver transplantation, numerous problems and nuisances are still encountered. Further surgical refinements will certainly evolve. The development of better preservation techniques, the use of intraoperative flowmeters, and the availabi...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus is rapidly increasing in the Western world. In North America and western Europe, a marked shift in the epidemiologic profile of this disease has occurred. In the past, most patients with esophageal cancer were found to have epidermoid carcinoma. These patients frequentl...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0889-8553(05)70319-8
更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The intestine contains major subdivisions of the nervous and immune systems. The lymphoid compartments of the intestine contain functionally distinguishable populations of immunologic cells and are innervated differently. The lamina propria has an extensive network of nerves using the neuropeptides SOM, SP, and VIP. S...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The heterogeneous group of proteinases known as pepsinogens are synthesized, stored, and upon appropriate stimulation released from gastric mucosal chief cells. Under the acidic conditions of the lumen of the stomach, the proenzymes, pepsinogens, are converted to "pepsin", which plays an important physiologic role as ...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic HIV-associated diarrhea is currently a field in flux. Improved noninvasive diagnostic tests, improved pathogen-specific regimens, and better empiric therapies may change some of the assumptions used to select algorithms for diagnostic evaluation and management. Any shift in the cause of diarrhea from pathogen-...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0889-8553(05)70203-x
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common chronic gastrointestinal disorder, characterized by chronic or recurrent abdominal pain and bloating. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is a diverse group of medical treatments that are not commonly considered to be a part of conventional medicine yet frequently us...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gtc.2010.12.005
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Constipation is a common clinical problem that comprises a constellation of symptoms that include excessive straining, hard stools, feeling of incomplete evacuation, use of digital maneuvers, or infrequent defecation. Although many conditions, such as metabolic problems, fiber deficiency, anorectal problems, and drugs...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0889-8553(03)00026-8
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Constipation, diarrhea, and symptomatic hemorrhoids are disorders common in the general population, particularly in women. These conditions, if mild, often are self-treated with various home remedies or nonprescription preparations. Few of these patients, moreover, are referred to gastroenterologists, as primary care ...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0889-8553(02)00069-9
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although many mechanisms remain unclear, a large body of evidence indicates that several dietary and lifestyle factors are likely to have a major influence on the risk of colon cancer. Physical inactivity, excess body weight, and a central deposition of adiposity are consistent risk factors. Overconsumption of energy ...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0889-8553(02)00057-2
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:High-resolution manometry (HRM) allows nuanced evaluation of esophageal motor function, and more accurate evaluation of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) function, in comparison with conventional manometry. Pathophysiologic correlates of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and esophageal peristaltic performance are ...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gtc.2013.11.005
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
