Abstract：
:The inactivation of the prolactin receptor gene by homologous recombination has made it possible to investigate the role of prolactin signaling in mammary gland development without resort to ablative surgery of the endocrine glands. In knockout mice lacking the prolactin receptor, mammary development is normal up to puberty. Subsequently, the ducts branch less frequently than those of wild-type animals. While terminal end buds differentiate to alveolar buds in wild-type females by the end of puberty, in knockout females terminal end bud-like structures persist at the ductal ends. To distinguish between the developmental defects that are intrinsic to the epithelium and those that result from systemic endocrine alterations in prolactin receptor knockout mice, mammary epithelium from prolactin receptor knockouts was transplanted into mammary fat pads of wild-type mice. In virgin mice, the knockout epithelial transplants developed normally at puberty, indicating an indirect effect of prolactin on ductal development. Prolactin receptor knockout females are infertile due to multiple reproductive defects, but epithelial transplants allowed us to assess the extent to which the absence of prolactin receptor is limiting, under systemic conditions that allow full mammary gland development. During pregnancy, the prolactin receptor knockout transplants showed normal side branching and the formation of alveolar buds, but no lobuloalveolar development. Thus, prolactin affects mammary morphogenesis in two different ways: it controls ductal side branching and terminal end bud regression in virgin animals via indirect mechanisms, but acts directly on the mammary epithelium to produce lobuloalveolar development during pregnancy.
journal_name
Dev Bioljournal_title
Developmental biologyauthors
Brisken C,Kaur S,Chavarria TE,Binart N,Sutherland RL,Weinberg RA,Kelly PA,Ormandy CJdoi
10.1006/dbio.1999.9271subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-06-01 00:00:00pages
96-106issue
1eissn
0012-1606issn
1095-564Xpii
S0012-1606(99)99271-0journal_volume
210pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Using sea urchin embryos, we demonstrate that the MEK/MAPK/ERK cascade is essential for the proper progression of the cell cycle. Activation of a limited fraction of MAPK/ERK is required between S-phase and M-phase. Neither DNA replication nor CDK1 activation are impacted by the inhibition of this small active MAPK/ER...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.11.018
更新日期：2017-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The left-right body axis is coordinately aligned with the orthogonal dorsoventral and anterioposterior body axes. The developmental mechanisms that regulate axis coordination are unknown. Here it is shown that the cardiac left-right orientation in zebrafish (Danio rerio) is randomized in notochord-defective no tail an...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/dbio.1996.0148
更新日期：1996-07-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Leaf primordia, first visible as small bumps, are produced in a cyclical pattern at the edges of the shoot apex, a smooth region at the top of the stem. Their formation is a biomechanical process. This review first considers hypothetical construction mechanisms and then summarizes research that provides information ab...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0012-1606(92)90089-y
更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ephrins and semaphorins regulate a wide variety of developmental processes, including axon guidance and cell migration. We have studied the roles of the ephrin EFN-4 and the semaphorin MAB-20 in patterning cell-cell contacts among the cells that give rise to the ray sensory organs of Caenorhabditis elegans. In wild-ty...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0012-1606(02)00129-x
更新日期：2003-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:We determined expression and function of a cell membrane protein in the developing chick retinotectal system identified by a monoclonal antibody (mAb 4H5) and the corresponding antiserum. Our data revealed that the protein shares a series of properties, including the N-terminal amino acid sequence, with a cell adhesio...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/dbio.1994.1284
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The control of cell division is critical to organogenesis, but how this control is achieved is not fully understood. We found that mutations in bed-3, encoding a BED Zn-finger domain transcription factor, confer a phenotype where a specific set of cell divisions during vulval organogenesis is lost. Unlike general cell...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.12.005
更新日期：2010-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling has been implicated in the generation of mesoderm and neural fates in chordate embryos including ascidians and vertebrates. In Ciona, FGF9/16/20 has been implicated in both of these processes. However, in FGF9/16/20 knockdown embryos, notochord fate recovers during later devel...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.08.075
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prophase-arrested oocytes of Ruditapes philippinarum are triggered to undergo germinal vesicle breakdown under the influence of the neurohormone serotonin (5HT) and then arrest in metaphase 1. Our data show that these oocytes possess a single class of original 5HT receptors. Their binding parameters have been determin...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/dbio.1994.1222
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Defects in heart development are the most common congenital abnormalities in humans, providing a strong incentive to learn more about the underlying causes. Previous studies have implicated the metalloprotease-disintegrins ADAMs (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) 17 and 19 as well as heparin binding EGF-like growth f...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.05.004
更新日期：2005-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:We have analyzed several aspects of the development of flies carrying mutations at the Glued locus. Optic lobe abnormalities in individuals heterozygous for the original Glued allele were previously shown to result from an action of this mutation in the retinula cells. We have estimated when the functioning of this ge...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0012-1606(83)90256-7
更新日期：1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cerebellum development involves the coordinated production of multiple neuronal cell types. The cerebellar primordium contains two germinative zones, the rhombic lip (RL) and the ventricular zone (VZ), which generate different types of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons, respectively. What regulates the specification...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.02.017
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hox genes play a central role in organogenesis and are implicated in the formation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The cdx genes encode homeodomain transcription factors that act as master regulators of the hox genes. In zebrafish, mutations in cdx4 cause a severe, but not complete, deficit in embryonic blood ...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.01.003
更新日期：2006-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The development of intrinsic ganglia, comprised of neurons and glia cells that innervate airway smooth muscle, is a recognized component of the growing lung. However, the embryological origin of these neurons and glia is unclear. The lung buds develop as an outgrowth of the foregut, which contains migrating neural cre...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ydbio.2004.09.006
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A mammalian embryo experiences the first cell segregation at the blastocyst stage, in which cells giving form to the embryo are sorted into two lineages; trophectoderm (TE) and inner cell mass (ICM). This first cell segregation process is governed by cell position-dependent Hippo signaling, which is a phosphorylation ...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.09.004
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The salivary system in mammals is comprised of three independently developed pairs of organs, the parotid, submaxillar, and sublingual glands. Each gland is composed of various ductal and acinar cell types that fulfill multiple roles. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating their biogenesis and functions are stil...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/dbio.2001.0473
更新日期：2001-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The embryonic chick face is composed of a series of facial primordia, epithelium-covered buds of mesenchyme, which surround the presumptive mouth. The protruding adult upper beak containing the prenasal cartilage is formed from the frontonasal mass, the paired maxillary primordia form the sides of the face, while the ...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0012-1606(89)90142-5
更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eggs and embryos of the sea urchin Lytechinus pictus were labeled with [35S]methionine. Aqueous extracts of protein were prepared and analyzed by a high resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis system described recently by O'Farrell utilizing isoelectric focusing and sodium dodecyl sulfate electro...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0012-1606(76)90248-7
更新日期：1976-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Induction and branching morphogenesis of the prostate are dependent on androgens, which act via the mesenchyme to induce prostatic epithelial development. One mechanism by which the mesenchyme may regulate the epithelium is through secreted growth factors such as FGF-10. We have examined the male reproductive tract of...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0012-1606(03)00250-1
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the small-optic-lobes (sol) and sine oculis (so) mutants of Drosophila melanogaster extensive cell death occurs in the optic lobes during the first half of pupal development. Gynandromorph flies show that the sol mutation acts primarily on cells of the medulla cortex. Degeneration of medullar ganglion cells occurs ...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0012-1606(84)90050-2
更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The msh/Msx family is a subclass of homeobox-containing genes suggested to perform a conserved function in the patterning of the early embryo. We had already isolated a member of this gene family (Ci-msxb) in Ciona intestinalis, which has a very complex expression pattern during embryogenesis. To identify the regulato...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ydbio.2003.11.005
更新日期：2004-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:We recently demonstrated the requirement of two-pore channel type 2 (TPC2)-mediated Ca2+ release during slow muscle cell differentiation and motor circuit maturation in intact zebrafish embryos. However, the upstream trigger(s) of TPC2/Ca2+ signaling during these developmental processes remains unclear. Nicotinic acid...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.11.005
更新日期：2019-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:ragged seedling2 (rgd2) is a novel, recessive mutation affecting lateral organ development in maize. The mutant phenotype of homozygous rgd2-R leaves is variable. Mild leaf phenotypes have a reduced midrib and may be moderately narrow and furcated; severe Rgd2-R(-) leaves are filamentous or even radial. Despite their ...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.03.027
更新日期：2005-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:As the germ band shortens in Drosophila melanogaster embryos, cell shape changes cause segments to narrow anteroposteriorly and to lengthen dorsoventrally. One of the genes required for this retraction process is the hindsight (hnt) gene. hnt encodes a nuclear Zinc-finger protein that is expressed in the extraembryoni...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/dbio.1999.9409
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A mutant gene dose-dependent inhibition of cerebellar granule cell neuron survival and neurite growth in dissociated cultures of cerebellum from 7-day-old heterozygous (+/wv) and homozygous (wv/wv) weaver mutant mice (M. Willinger, D. M. Margolis, and R. L. Sidman. (1981), J. Supramol. Struc. 17, 79-86) has previously...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0012-1606(85)90384-7
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three myogenic clonal cell lines were isolated from C3H 10T1/2 C18 cells (10T1/2) treated with 5-azacytidine (5-aza-CR). These lines reproducibly underwent fusion at confluence into functional myotubes capable of contracting in response to acetylcholine. The degree of fusion could be increased two- to threefold if the...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0012-1606(86)90302-7
更新日期：1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During animal fertilizations, each oocyte or egg must produce a proper intracellular calcium signal for development to proceed normally. As a supplement to recent synopses of fertilization-induced calcium responses in mammals, this paper reviews the spatiotemporal properties of calcium signaling during fertilization a...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/dbio.1999.9340
更新日期：1999-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Proper spatial expression of the wingless (wg) gene in the Drosophila embryonic epidermis is crucial to intrasegmental patterning. Single cell wide wg expression is initiated at the blastoderm stage in response to combinatorial regulation by the pair rule genes. Later, during gastrulation, when the epidermal expressio...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/dbio.1995.1243
更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Growth and Differentiation Factor 1 (GDF-1) has been implicated in left-right patterning of the mouse embryo but has no other known function. Here, we demonstrate a genetic interaction between Gdf1 and Nodal during anterior axis development. Gdf1-/-;Nodal+/- mutants displayed several abnormalities that were not presen...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.02.002
更新日期：2006-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:nautilus (nau), one member of the myogenic regulatory family of bHLH-encoding genes, is expressed in a subset of muscle precursors and differentiated fibers in the Drosophila embryo. To elucidate the role of nautilus in myogenesis, we have misexpressed it using the GAL4-targeted system. We find that ectopic expression...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/dbio.1996.8434
更新日期：1997-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Only a subset of cleavage stage blastomeres in the Xenopus embryo is competent to contribute cells to the retina; ventral vegetal blastomeres do not form retina even when provided with neuralizing factors or transplanted to the most retinogenic position of the embryo. These results suggest that endogenous maternal fac...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.01.040
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
