Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) occurs in serum both free and in complex with protease inhibitors. The complex with alpha1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) is the major form in serum, and the proportion of PSA-ACT is higher in prostate cancer (PCa) than in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). PSA also forms a complex with alpha1-protease inhibitor (API) in vitro, and the PSA-ACT complex has been detected in serum from patients with prostate cancer. The aim of the present study was to develop a quantitative method for the determination of PSA-API and to determine the serum concentrations in patients with PCa and BPH. METHODS:The assay for PSA-API utilizes a monoclonal antibody to PSA as capture and a polyclonal antibody to API labeled with a Eu-chelate as a tracer. For calibrators, PSA-API formed in vitro was used. Serum samples were obtained before treatment from 82 patients with PCa, from 66 patients with BPH, and from 22 healthy females. RESULTS:The concentrations of PSA-API are proportional to the concentrations of total PSA. PSA-API comprises 1.0-7.9% (median, 2.4%) of total immunoreactive PSA in PCa and 1.3-12.2% (median, 3.6%) in BPH patients with serum PSA concentrations >4 microgram/L. In patients with 4-20 microgram/L total PSA, the proportion of PSA-API serum is significantly higher in BPH (median, 4.1%) than in PCa (median, 3. 2%; P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS:The proportion of PSA-API in serum is lower in patients with PCa than in those with BPH. These results suggest that PSA-API is a potential adjunct to total and free PSA in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.
journal_name
Clin Chemjournal_title
Clinical chemistryauthors
Zhang WM,Finne P,Leinonen J,Vesalainen S,Nordling S,Stenman UHsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-06-01 00:00:00pages
814-21issue
6 Pt 1eissn
0009-9147issn
1530-8561journal_volume
45pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:The analytical and clinical performance of homogeneous LDL-cholesterol assays has been reported, but their reactions with subfractions of LDL and VLDL have not been described in detail. METHODS:We evaluated reaction selectivity of two homogeneous LDL-cholesterol assays, LDLk (Kyowa Medex) and LDLd (Daiichi ...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Zinc is determined in neutrophils and lymphocytes (isolated from whole blood on discontinuous gradients of Ficoll-Hypaque) and in microliter quantities of plasma and erythrocytes by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry with greater sensitivity than with conventional flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. ...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This HPLC/immunoassay procedure measures digoxin in serum with no interference from digoxin metabolites or digoxin-like factors. We used solid-phase (C18 and Diol) extraction, a C18 column with a tetrahydrofuran/water mobile phase, and final quantification by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Deslanoside and gito...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A new instrument has been developed that is similar in design and concept to the GeMSAEC centrifugal analyzer (Oak Ridge National Laboratory) except that electrochemical detection is used rather than optical detection. The present version has eight channels, each with its own detector. Problems of speed control and sa...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1982-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We evaluated the Hybritech Tandem-E procedure for quantifying choriogonadotropin (hCG) in human serum. In this "sandwich"-type assay, two monoclonal antibodies directed against different regions of the hCG molecule are used, one coated on a plastic bead, the second conjugated to alkaline phosphatase. The assay can det...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To produce bispecific antibodies (BiAbs) for enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to replace antibody-enzyme conjugates, we developed a panel of 8-azaguanine/ouabain-resistant anti-urease variant hybridoma cell lines for use in hybridoma-hybridoma fusions. These variants represent mouse immunoglobulin subclasses IgM, IgG1, IgG2a,...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The enzymatic determination of serum uric acid by use of uricase, catalase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase according to Haeckel [J. Clin. Chem. Clin Biochem. 14, 101 (1976)] showed interferences from ethanol-converting enzymes, which are present in some patients' sera. We have identified these enzymes as alcohol dehydroge...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The single cell represents the basic unit of all organisms. Most investigations have been performed on large cell populations, but understanding cell dynamics and heterogeneity requires single-cell analysis. Current methods for single-cell analysis generally can detect only one class of analytes. METHODS:Re...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1373/clinchem.2012.191445
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have studied the influence of triglyceride-rich particles on the analytical bias of apolipoprotein B measurements by various immunoturbidimetric methods. Three commercially available methods grossly overestimate apolipoprotein B in samples with even moderately above-normal triglyceride concentrations. This effect i...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We describe a new, specific, quantitative method for fecal blood, based on conversion of nonfluorescing heme to fluorescing porphyrins, that obviates serious deficiencies inherent in currently used tests. A two-reagent system is used to determine the two hemoglobin-related fractions that are found in feces. The hot ci...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Radioimmunoassay of triiodothyronine was performed with a homogeneous incubation system. Bound and free ligand were separated by partitioning in an aqueous two-phase system. The agreement between the results obtained with this technique and conventional heterogeneous radioimmunoassay was very good (r = 0.981). ...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1982-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clinically relevant interassay precision profiles for thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone; TSH) were constructed with human serum pools measured over 4-8 weeks by six immunometric assays, in at least two different reagent lots. Functional sensitivities (the concentration at which the interassay CV is < or = 20%) ...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We evaluated the technical performance of the Ciba Corning ACS:180 automated immunoassay system for the following analytes: thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin, human chorionic gonadotropin, carcino-embryonic antigen, and prostate-specific antigen. ...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Currently, we can make the following generalizations about the major long-term complications of diabetes. First, they occur commonly after 10 to 15 years of diabetes. Second, the complications of renal and retinal disease, but not of atherogenic and neurological disease, appear to be related to the severity of hypergl...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The basic theory of thyroxin-analog-based radioimmunoassays for free thyroxin has been extended to evaluate definitively the effects arising from residual binding of the tracer analog to serum proteins. Using experimentally determined binding constants and computer simulation techniques, we studied the effects of thyr...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A profile (chromatographic pattern) of the neutral and acidic metabolites present in cerebrospinal fluid from newborns and infants was obtained by gas-liquid chromatography. The metabolites are those extracted with ethyl acetate and diethyl ether. They are converted to trimethylsilyl ether derivatives, and chromatogra...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1976-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of Medicare's Demonstration of Competitive Bidding for Clinical Laboratory Services is to determine whether competitive bidding can be used to provide quality laboratory services at prices below current Medicare reimbursement rates. Here, we present key features of the preliminary design for the demonstrat...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diagnosing cobalamin deficiency is often difficult. We investigated the diagnostic strategies that 224 general practitioners used to assess cobalamin status and the criteria on which they based their decisions to supplement patients. From all serum cobalamin analyses carried out at a single laboratory during 1993, ind...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Δ(9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC (THCCOOH), and cannabinol (CBN) were measured in breath following controlled cannabis smoking to characterize the time course and windows of detection of breath cannabinoids. METHODS:Exhaled breath was collected from chronic (≥4 times per week) and occas...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1373/clinchem.2013.207407
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We describe a fixed-time, enzymatic, reaction-rate procedure for determining plasma ammonia with a centrifugal analyzer (Rotochem IIA/36; American Instrument Co., silver Spring, MD 20910), with NADPH as cofactor. The reaction is based on that of da Fonseca-Wollheim's modification [J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. 11, 421...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined the comparative behavior of subject-specific multivariate and univariate reference regions, using both computer-generated data and serial (semi-annual) measurements of selected analytes in subjects from a large health-maintenance program. Univariate studies under both homeostatic and random-walk time-serie...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We evaluated the density-gradient ultracentrifugation method in a swinging-bucket rotor (Anal Biochem 111, 149-157, 1981) in a slightly modified version for isolation and determination of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions. We prestained the serum with Coomassie Brilliant Blue R, which did not change the hydr...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have developed a sensitive procedure for determination of serum copper by use of the color reagent 4-(3,5-dibromo-2-pyridylazo)-N-ethyl-N-sulfopropylaniline. After mixing serum sample and reagent, and incubating at 37 degrees C for 5 min, we measure the absorbance of the resulting chelate complex at 580 nm (molar a...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We describe a mechanized chromogenic assay for factor X, the results of which correlate well with those for the one-stage clotting assays for factor X in which it is activated either via the extrinsic pathway by thromboplastin or directly by Russell's viper venom. We purified human factor X and raised monospecific ant...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We compared measurements of apoprotein A-I (apoA-I) in plasma and in heparin-MnCl2 supernates analyzed by radial immunodiffusion. The apoA-I values were similar when the samples were fresh [n = 41, mean (SD), mg/L: plasma, 1393.4(349); heparin-MnCl2 supernates, 1364.9(332), p less than 0.01], but were greater than 8% ...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Little is known about trace metal alterations in the bones of dialysis patients or whether particular types of renal osteodystrophy are associated with either increased or decreased skeletal concentrations of trace elements. Because these patients are at risk for alterations of trace elements as well as for ...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied the pattern of acute-phase proteins (orosomucoid, C-reactive protein, and haptoglobin) in hepatocellular deficiency due to chronic alcohol consumption, characterized by a decrease in serum transferrin concentration. We found that their patterns could vary independently of hepatocellular deficiency, but depe...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We assayed norepinephrine and epinephrine by utilizing solvent extraction, fluorescence derivatization, and "high-performance" liquid chromatography. A 100-microL aliquot of urine was extracted twice according to Smedes et al. (J Chromatogr 1982;231:25-39) and subsequently incubated with 1,2-diphenylethylenediamine. A...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The difference in absorbance (delta A) between equimolar acid and alkaline solutions of methyl red, at a wavelength near the isosbestic point of the indicator, is reproducible. Furthermore, this delta A is sensitive to changes in the wavelength calibration of the instrument used to make the measurement. The delta A of...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The current debate on our healthcare system has focused primarily on the cost of care. Because of drastically rising costs and their burden on our economy, government and the private sector have developed many approaches to reduce these costs. Managed care, special contracting arrangements, and government fiat have al...
journal_title：Clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00
