Abstract:
:Recent studies have demonstrated that the chemokine receptor CXCR4 plays a crucial role in organ-specific metastasis formation. Although a variety of studies showed the expression of chemokine receptors, in particular, CXCR4, by gastrointestinal tumors, the precise mechanisms of chemokine receptor-mediated homing of cancer cells to specific sites of metastasis remained elusive. Here, we used liver metastatic human HEP-G2 hepatoma and HT-29LMM colon cancer cells expressing functional CXCR4 to dissect the metastatic cascade by intravital fluorescence microscopy. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the CXCR4 ligand CXCL12 is expressed by endothelial cells and likely Kupffer cells lining the liver sinusoids. Tumor cell adhesion and extravasation in vivo was quantitatively analyzed using intravital fluorescence microscopy. Treatment of cells with an anti-CXCR4 antibody did not affect cell adhesion but significantly impaired tumor cell extravasation (HEP-G2; isotype control: 22.3% +/- 4.3% vs anti-CXCR4: 6.0% +/- 5.0%, P < .001). In addition, pretreatment of tumor cells with the ligand CXCL12 enhanced the activation of the small GTPases Rho, Rac, and cdc42 as well as tumor cell extravasation without affecting tumor cell adhesion within liver sinusoids. Taken together, the findings of the present study provide first in vivo insights into the early events of chemokine ligand/receptor-mediated liver metastasis formation of tumor cells and define tumor cell extravasation rather than tumor cell arrest as the rate-limiting event.
journal_name
Neoplasiajournal_title
Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)authors
Gassmann P,Haier J,Schlüter K,Domikowsky B,Wendel C,Wiesner U,Kubitza R,Engers R,Schneider SW,Homey B,Müller Adoi
10.1593/neo.09272subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-07-01 00:00:00pages
651-61issue
7eissn
1522-8002issn
1476-5586journal_volume
11pub_type
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