Abstract:
:Four recent, independent, rigorously controlled studies of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) have reported that 84 to 100% of single-trauma victims no longer maintain the posttraumatic stress disorder diagnosis after the equivalent of three 90-minute sessions. The rapidity of EMDR treatment effects makes many ancillary research opportunities available. Specifically, the increased number of cases resolved in a relatively short period of time allows investigation of neurophysiological phenomena, patterns of cognitive and emotional processing, component analyses of a large range of procedural factors, and evaluation of the efficacy of application to diverse clinical populations. Unfortunately, some research has been conducted that has been severely hampered by insufficient treatment fidelity and lack of clinical validity. Consequently, this article will attempt to describe the procedures and protocols that are believed to contribute to EMDR's clinical effects and are, therefore, suggested for the EMDR treatment and research of the anxiety disorders. This is particularly relevant given the misconceptions that have abounded due to the unfortunate naming of the procedure after the eye movements, which have proved to be only one of many useful types of stimulation, and only one of many components of this complex, integrated treatment.
journal_name
J Anxiety Disordjournal_title
Journal of anxiety disordersauthors
Shapiro Fdoi
10.1016/s0887-6185(98)00038-3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-01-01 00:00:00pages
35-67issue
1-2eissn
0887-6185issn
1873-7897pii
S0887-6185(98)00038-3journal_volume
13pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Although cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is an effective intervention for treating generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in older adults, researchers are now considering augmenting the therapy to enhance outcome. We are also long overdue in identifying moderators of CBT response (e.g., cognitive abilities) in late life ...
journal_title:Journal of anxiety disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.12.001
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Early identification and treatment of social anxiety disorder (SAD) is critical to prevent development of a chronic course of symptoms, persistent functional impairment, and progressive psychiatric comorbidity. A small but growing literature supports the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for anxiety di...
journal_title:Journal of anxiety disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.06.004
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intolerance of uncertainty (IU), a dispositional negative orientation toward uncertainty and its consequences, has been studied in adults, but research has only recently examined IU in youth. Despite some advances, little is known about the factor structure of measures of IU in youth. The present study used confirmato...
journal_title:Journal of anxiety disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2017.07.003
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The proposed research seeks to introduce a novel model relating Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) and suicide outcomes (i.e., passive suicidal ideation, active suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts) in diverse adolescents. This model posits that family cohesion is one pathway by which suicide risk is increased for socia...
journal_title:Journal of anxiety disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.09.009
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the relation between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity and aggression (verbal, psychological, and physical aggression) in a longitudinal dataset. Participants were 175 males in PTSD residential treatment who were assessed at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and at 4-month follow-up. Post-...
journal_title:Journal of anxiety disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.11.012
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although results regarding objective social skills deficits in adults are inconsistent, research with youth have consistently demonstrated such deficits. Furthermore, research has consistently demonstrated subjective appraisal of social skill deficit in both youth and adults with social phobia or social anxiety. As a ...
journal_title:Journal of anxiety disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.03.013
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A considerable body of research has identified various child and parent factors that contribute to and maintain anxiety symptoms in children. Yet relatively few studies have examined child factors (including threat-based cognitive bias, neuroticism, gender, puberty and age) as well as parent factors (including materna...
journal_title:Journal of anxiety disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.06.002
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinicians have documented the importance of loss of comrades during combat as a significant source of distress. However, empirical studies have not focused on unresolved grief as a possible outcome of combat experiences. Consequently, unresolved grief has often been treated "after the fact" in the context of treating...
journal_title:Journal of anxiety disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2003.09.005
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Reassurance seeking has been hypothesized to be a key factor in the maintenance of anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders according to contemporary cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) approaches. The present study sought to examine the structure, clinical correlates, and malleability of reassurance seeki...
journal_title:Journal of anxiety disorders
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2019.102109
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Contemporary cognitive models of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) posit that OC symptoms arise from negative interpretations of intrusive thoughts, which are derived from trait-like dysfunctional assumptions ("obsessive beliefs;" e.g., concerning overestimates of responsibility). Although correlational studies sugg...
journal_title:Journal of anxiety disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.05.003
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In vivo exposure has become the gold standard treatment for specific phobia. The endogenous opioid system is one mechanism proposed to explain why exposure provides such quick and effective treatment for specific phobia. The effect of naltrexone on fear and avoidance behavior was investigated among 15 specific phobia ...
journal_title:Journal of anxiety disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.03.011
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Behavioral inhibition is frequently cited as a vulnerability factor for development of anxiety. However, few studies have examined the unique relationship between behavioral inhibition and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Therefore, the current study addressed the relationship between behavioral inhibition and OCD...
journal_title:Journal of anxiety disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.03.003
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Enduring cognitive models of anxiety posit that negative biases in information processing are implicated in the etiology, maintenance, and recurrence of anxiety disorders in youth and adults. Specifically, the vigilance-avoidance model of attention is an influential hypothesis proposed to explain anxious individuals' ...
journal_title:Journal of anxiety disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2019.04.003
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present investigation examined the interpersonal functioning of undergraduate students who met self-report criteria for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), both as they perceive it and as perceived by their self-nominated friends. Forty-eight participants who met self-report criteria for GAD endorsed greater globa...
journal_title:Journal of anxiety disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2005.02.005
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Social factors are often associated with the development or maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the aftermath of interpersonal traumas. However, social problem solving strategies have received little attention. The current study explored the role of social problem solving styles (i.e., rational appr...
journal_title:Journal of anxiety disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.02.007
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tonic immobility (TI) is an involuntary component of the fear response that is characterized by freezing or immobility in situations involving extreme fear coupled with physical restraint. The present investigation evaluated the factor structure of the Tonic Immobility Scale (TIS; Forsyth, J. P., Marx, B., Fusé, T. M....
journal_title:Journal of anxiety disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.05.004
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examines how cognitive variables, which play a central role in the development and maintenance of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), manifest themselves when GAD and major depressive disorder (MDD) are comorbid. Thirty-two participants were divided into two groups, a group of individuals with a principal d...
journal_title:Journal of anxiety disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.05.010
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper assesses the psychometric properties of the French version of the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire (OBQ-44) and investigates whether the questionnaire discriminates between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), anxious control (AC), and non-clinical control (NCC) participants. A confirmatory factor analysis s...
journal_title:Journal of anxiety disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.11.003
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the study was to explore differential attention profiles, according to attention types, in sub-clinical obsessive-compulsive checkers compared to controls. To examine attention biases in obsessive-compulsive phenomena, we compared sub-clinical checkers to non-checkers on their recall and recognition perform...
journal_title:Journal of anxiety disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.01.007
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Structured instruments (SI) or free-recall instruments (FRI) can be used to examine worry themes. In the case where both types are use jointly, order of presentation may influence number and content of free-recall worries. Half of a large undergraduate sample (N = 609) received the SI before the FRI and the other half...
journal_title:Journal of anxiety disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0887-6185(00)00032-3
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Benzodiazepines (BZs) are commonly used in conjunction with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA). However, empirical evidence provides little support for the utility of this combined treatment approach over CBT alone. Westra and Stewart [Clin. Psychol. Rev. 18 (1...
journal_title:Journal of anxiety disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0887-6185(02)00091-9
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Research has demonstrated increased attention to negative social cues and reduced attention to positive social cues in generalized social anxiety disorder (GSAD), but little is known about whether GSAD also involves differences in lower levels of visual processing. This study explored visual experience in GSAD compare...
journal_title:Journal of anxiety disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.07.004
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The prevalence and nature of panic symptoms in the elderly are poorly understood. In a replication and extension of Deer and Calamari [J. Behav. Ther. Exp. Psychiatry 29 (1998) 303], the current study sought to determine which symptoms of anxiety best differentiated elderly endorsers of panic from elderly who do not p...
journal_title:Journal of anxiety disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2004.04.007
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cannabis is the most widely used illicit substance in individuals with anxiety disorders. The aim of this study was to assess mental health-related quality of life (QoL) among individuals with anxiety disorders with and without concurrent cannabis use based on a large representative US sample. Mental health-related Qo...
journal_title:Journal of anxiety disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.07.002
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study investigates specificity of the six somatic symptoms that are associated with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), according to the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. A nonclinical sample of 183 students provided severity ratings for (a) restlessness, (b) easi...
journal_title:Journal of anxiety disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0887-6185(99)00017-1
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a highly prevalent, often chronic and disabling psychiatric disorder that is associated with significant adverse health and life consequences. Although several evidence-based treatments (EBTs), including Prolonged Exposure therapy (PE), have been found effective and efficacious ...
journal_title:Journal of anxiety disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.03.004
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Risk-taking behavior involves making choices with uncertain positive or negative outcomes. Evidence suggests that risk-taking behavior is influenced by emotional state. One such emotional experience is social anxiety, which has been related to both risk-avoidant and risk-seeking decision making. The present study exam...
journal_title:Journal of anxiety disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.02.010
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioral therapy (GCBT) versus fluoxetine in obsessive-compulsive disorder outpatients that could present additional psychiatric comorbidities was assessed. Patients (18-65 years; baseline Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive-Scale [Y-BOCS] scores ≥ 16; potentially presenting add...
journal_title:Journal of anxiety disorders
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.08.008
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examines panic attacks and substance use in a sample of incoming college freshman (n = 399 ) using questionnaires. Panickers (n = 47 ) were significantly more likely than nonpanickers (n = 290) to report having ever used sedatives, stimulants, opiods, and other drugs, but not tobacco, alcohol, cocaine, or h...
journal_title:Journal of anxiety disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2003.04.001
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interoceptive exposure (IE) is widely regarded as an essential procedure in the cognitive-behavioral treatment of panic disorder (PD). However, treatment manuals differ substantially in their prescribed delivery of IE, and little research exists to inform the optimal manner of its implementation. The present study exa...
journal_title:Journal of anxiety disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.02.004
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00