Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:The aim of the study was to determine the costs and effects associated with a community pharmacy-based smoking-cessation programme in Northern Ireland, using the perspective of the payer in the main analysis. DESIGN AND SETTING:Data from a pilot study conducted in 2 community pharmacies in Northern Ireland were used as the basis of the current study, which examined the cost effectiveness of a formal counselling programme for smoking cessation by community pharmacists throughout Northern Ireland. A number of assumptions were made in the baseline analysis (e.g. annual rate of smoking cessation in the absence of the programme; lifetime relapse rate), and these were varied in the sensitivity analysis. PATIENTS AND PARTICIPANTS:The pilot study upon which the main analysis was based was carried out in 2 Belfast pharmacies over a 2-year period. 52 people entered the smoking-cessation programme (group 1), 48 bought nicotine gum and gave their address so that additional information could be sent and they could be followed-up (group 2), and 60 people who expressed a wish to stop smoking were chosen on the basis that they matched, by age, gender, social status and disease status, those in group 1. Thirty-five of those in group 1 requested to use nicotine gum. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.01) was found in cessation rates between intervention and control patients. INTERVENTIONS:The Pharmacists Action on Smoking (PAS) model was the only active intervention used in the study. The model was developed by the PAS group in association with the National Pharmaceutical Association (NPA) in the UK in 1994, and was designed specifically for use by community pharmacists to provide advice and motivation to help smokers stop smoking. The 4-stage model involves a written 'contract' between the patient and pharmacist (including a 'stop date'), and a series of brief counselling meetings over a period of approximately 6 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES AND RESULTS:Our findings indicate that the cost per life-year saved when using the PAS programme ranges from 196.76 pounds sterling (Pounds) to 351.45 Pounds for men and from 181.35 Pounds to 772.12 Pounds for women (1997 values), depending on age. This compares favourably with other disease prevention medical interventions such as screening for hypertension or hypercholesterolaemia. CONCLUSIONS:These findings provide an argument for adoption and remuneration of the PAS model in the community pharmacy (primary healthcare) setting.
journal_name
Pharmacoeconomicsjournal_title
PharmacoEconomicsauthors
Crealey GE,McElnay JC,Maguire TA,O'Neill Cdoi
10.2165/00019053-199814030-00008subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-09-01 00:00:00pages
323-33issue
3eissn
1170-7690issn
1179-2027journal_volume
14pub_type
杂志文章abstract::A number of recent findings from the literature imply that the value of a QALY varies depending on the concentration or dispersion of that QALY over treated individuals. Given that funding decisions are currently made under either the assumption of distributive-neutrality or some combination of explicit decision crite...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00019053-200624090-00003
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a major orthopaedic procedure with a high risk of postoperative thromboembolism. Increasing demand for this type of surgery, together with its high cost, has led to examination of means by which the cost of THA may be minimised. Current clinical opinion favours the use of suitable pharm...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00019053-199610020-00009
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In many healthcare systems, affordability concerns can lead to restrictions on the use of expensive efficacious therapies. However, there does not appear to be any consensus as to the terminology used to describe affordability, or the thresholds used to determine whether new drugs are affordable. OBJECTIVES...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40273-017-0514-4
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A wide variety of oral antiplatelet trials have been carried out, and a large number of cost-effectiveness estimates based on them have been published. OBJECTIVE:To assess the cost effectiveness of oral antiplatelet treatments in the prevention of cardiovascular events. METHODS:A comprehensive literature s...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.2165/00019053-200725120-00007
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Weight Reduction is Cost-Effective for the Treatment of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Thailand. ...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.1007/s40273-018-0754-y
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:While drotrecogin alfa (activated) was shown to decrease absolute 28-day mortality by 6.1% in patients with severe sepsis in the Recombinant Human Protein C Worldwide Evaluation in Severe Sepsis (PROWESS) study, no mortality benefit was observed in the subset of patients with only one organ system failure. C...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF03262331
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Venetoclax is licensed to treat relapsed or refractory (R/R) chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). As part of the Single Technology Appraisal (STA) ID944, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) invited AbbVie, the manufacturer, to submit evidence on the use of venetoclax, within its licensed indic...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40273-017-0599-9
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increasingly in the developed world, patients expect to be partners in the management of their healthcare. Several recent studies show that the patient perspective differs from the perspective of the healthcare provider. Patients usually focus on the impact of their condition on their lifestyle, while clinicians may t...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00019053-200119002-00009
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Invasive fungal infections in neutropenic patients treated for haematological malignancies are associated with a high mortality rate and, therefore, require early treatment. As the diagnosis of invasive fungal infections is difficult, effective antifungal prophylaxis is desirable. So far, fluconazole has bee...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00019053-200826010-00007
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proper economic evaluation involves comparative analysis of alternative courses of action in terms of both costs and outcome. This is difficult for general anaesthesia as there are few alternatives and measurement of outcome is difficult to define. All that is generally available is a cost description of different a...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00019053-199303020-00005
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article explores the need to perform pharmacoeconomic evaluations of herbal medicines and assesses the extent to which this approach has been applied so far to these products. There seems to be no compelling need for pharmacoeconomic analyses of herbal over-the-counter medicines, but such analyses are certainly w...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00019053-200018010-00001
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Lung cancer is among the top causes of cancer-related deaths. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors can increase progression-free survival compared with standard chemotherapy in patients with EGFR mutation-positive advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). OBJECTIVE:The aim o...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40273-015-0305-8
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Given the limited availability of healthcare resources and the recent introduction of new anti-osteoporosis drugs, the interest in the cost effectiveness of drugs in postmenopausal osteoporosis remains and even increases. OBJECTIVE:This study aims to identify all recent economic evaluations on drugs for pos...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40273-014-0231-1
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of using different cost-effectiveness measures in the economic evaluation of cholesterol-modifying pharmacotherapy. DESIGN AND SETTING:An economic model was used to examine the extent to which the relative cost effectiveness of cholesterol-modifying agents varies depending upon the cos...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00019053-199916020-00008
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recent licensing of interferon-beta for use in patients with multiple sclerosis has caused concern, in view of the equivocal evidence of efficacy, pressure of public expectation towards its use and the high expected cost if widespread use were to be sanctioned. Whether such alarm is justified remains a moot point....
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00019053-199711030-00002
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In an effort to control escalating health expenditures, especially in hospitals, many countries are planning or experimenting with prospective budgeting systems. Belgium is no exception and has recently introduced, with some success, limited fixed charges per hospital admission and/or per hospitalisation day for labor...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00019053-199609030-00006
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and favourable pharmacokinetic profile of ciprofloxacin permit oral treatment of many serious infections which have traditionally necessitated parenteral antibacterial therapy. This has been demonstrated in comparative studies, in which ciprofloxacin was as effective and w...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00019053-199303050-00007
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study evaluated the cost utility of adding interferon-alpha 2b to conventional treatment in patients with multiple myeloma. It also provides a methodology for transforming complex quality-of-life profiles into a single index value on the conventional 0 to 1 quality-adjusted life-year scale (QALY). From 1990 to 19...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2165/00019053-199712010-00009
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To estimate indirect costs in Spanish ambulatory patients with HIV/AIDS and to identify changes in employment status and their current QOL. METHOD:Information was obtained through 32 interviews/enquiries carried out with ambulatory patients receiving medical attention at Gregorio Marañón and Puerta de Hierro...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00019053-200321150-00005
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Healthcare resource use data were collected for 1 year as part of the CAESAR (Canada, Australia, Europe, South Africa) clinical trial, which evaluated the effect of adding lamivudine to treatment regimens containing zidovudine in patients with HIV infection. This study showed that lamivudine-containing regim...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.2165/00019053-199915001-00003
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) is one of the main tools of economic evaluation. Every CEA is based on a number of assumptions, some of which may not be accurate, introducing uncertainty. Sensitivity analysis (SA) formalizes ways to measure and evaluate this uncertainty. Specific sources of uncertainty in CEA have b...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/11584630-000000000-00000
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drug utilisation in term and preterm neonates (i.e. less than 28 days of age) has been investigated prospectively in 4 clinical studies during the past 10 years. 3880 neonates with a mean gestational age of 34.5 weeks (corresponding birthweight 2280g) were enrolled in these studies. An overview indicates a high prev...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00019053-199304060-00005
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Patients with cancer-associated neutropenia are at high risk of developing severe infections which can be fatal if treatment is not promptly administered. For this reason, fever is treated as soon as possible with broad spectrum antibacterial therapy. The objective of this study was to conduct a cost analysis...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00019053-199915010-00006
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Like other developed countries with aging populations, Sweden is expecting large increases in the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and corresponding escalations in the cost of care for patients with this disease. Galantamine, a new acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and nicotinic modulator, has proved effective...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00019053-200220090-00006
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rufinamide (Inovelon®), a triazole derivative, is an oral antiepileptic drug approved in the EU as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) in patients aged ≥4 years. The efficacy of oral rufinamide as adjunctive therapy in patients with LGS uncontrolled on one to t...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/11208630-000000000-00000
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used for the relief of the symptoms of osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), sprains and strains, sports injuries and menstrual disorders, and have a small role in the management of patent ductus arteriosus in the neonate. In patients with RA, symptom...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00019053-199303020-00004
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In today's environment, the demand for efficient healthcare resource allocation is increasing. As new technologies become available, allocation decisions become more complex and tools to assist decision makers in determining efficient allocations of healthcare resources are encouraged. Mathematical programs have multi...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00019053-200321120-00001
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In the past decade, the range of contraceptives available has increased dramatically. There are limited data on the factors that determine women's choices on contraceptive alternatives or what factors providers consider most important when recommending contraceptive products to women. OBJECTIVES:Our objecti...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/11598040-000000000-00000
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The annual cost of managing migraine totals billions of US dollars. This retrospective economic analysis of a clinical trial comparing subcutaneous dihydroergotamine mesylate (DHE) with subcutaneous sumatriptan in the treatment of acute migraine is appropriate because, although each product has been shown to be effica...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2165/00019053-199610010-00006
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To decompose drug spending in Sweden between the years 1990 and 2000. This paper updates a previous study, which looked at the period 1990-1995, by providing an additional 5 years of data (1995-2000) and extending the previous analysis in a number of ways. METHODS:The paper builds on the earlier work that sh...
journal_title:PharmacoEconomics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00019053-200422010-00003
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00