Abstract:
:Phosphorylation of the easily accessible 3',5'-diesters 1a-d with diphenyl phosphorochloridate, followed by selective 5'-deacylation, affords the phosphotriester derivatives 2a-d in good yields. Alkaline treatment of 2a-d results in the formation of the 2',3'-cyclic phosphates (3a-d). The usefulness of the phosphotriester derivatives 2a-d is also demonstrated in the synthesis of the nucleotidyl-(3'-5')nucleoside 3'-phosphates U-Up (10a), U-Ap (11a), U-Cp (12a) and A-Gp (13a). The fully protected dinucleoside diphosphates 5c-8c, prepared by the phosphotriester method, are deprotected in two ways: (a) by a purely chemical method, affording the dinucleoside diphosphates in a circa one to one mixture of 2'- and 3'- isomers, 10b-13b and 10a-13a, respectively, and (b) by a mixed chemical-enzymatical approach which gives the pure 3'-phosphates (10a-13a).
journal_name
Nucleic Acids Resjournal_title
Nucleic acids researchauthors
van Boom JH,Burgers PM,Haasnoot CAdoi
10.1093/nar/3.10.2731subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1976-10-01 00:00:00pages
2731-47issue
10eissn
0305-1048issn
1362-4962journal_volume
3pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Controllable gene delivery via vector-based systems remains a formidable challenge in mammalian synthetic biology and a desirable asset in gene therapy applications. Here, we introduce a methodology to control the copies and residence time of a gene product delivered in host human cells but also selectively disrupt fr...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gku1326
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human telomerase RNA (hTR) contains several guanine tracts at its 5'-end that can form a G4-quadruplex structure. Previous evidence suggests that a G4-quadruplex within this region disrupts the formation of an important structure within hTR known as the P1 helix, a critical element in defining the template boundary fo...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkr1306
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial small RNAs (sRNAs) are a heterogeneous group of post-transcriptional regulators that often act at the heart of large networks. Hundreds of sRNAs have been discovered by genome-wide screens and most of these sRNAs exert their functions by base-pairing with target mRNAs. However, studies addressing the molecul...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gky765
更新日期:2018-11-16 00:00:00
abstract::The last 82 nucleotides of the 6.3 kb genomic RNA of plant turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV), the so-called 'tRNA-like' domain, presents functional, structural and primary sequence homologies with canonical tRNAs. In particular, one of the stem-loops resembles the TPsi(pseudouridine)-branch of tRNA, except for the pre...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/26.17.3991
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::One of the greatest challenges that modern molecular biology is facing is the understanding of the complex mechanisms regulating gene expression. A fundamental step in this process requires the characterization of regulatory motifs playing key roles in the regulation of gene expression at transcriptional and post-tran...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkh465
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Large-scale cooperative helix opening has been previously observed in A + T rich sequences contained in supercoiled DNA molecules at elevated temperatures. Since it is well known that helix melting of linear DNA is suppressed by addition of salt, we have investigated the effects of added salts on opening transitions i...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/22.11.2042
更新日期:1994-06-11 00:00:00
abstract::The transcription factor Sox5 has previously been shown in chicken to be expressed in early neural crest cells and neural crest-derived peripheral glia. Here, we show in mouse that Sox5 expression also continues after neural crest specification in the melanocyte lineage. Despite its continued expression, Sox5 has litt...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkn527
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Beta-thalassemia is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the beta-globin gene. Triplex-forming oligonucleotides and triplex-forming peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) have been shown to stimulate recombination in mammalian cells via site-specific binding and creation of altered helical structures that provoke DNA repai...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkp217
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genes encoding the RNA subunit of ribonuclease P from the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, and from the heterocyst-forming strains Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 and Calothrix sp. PCC 7601 were cloned using the homologous gene from Anacystis nidulans (Synechococcus sp. PCC 6301) as a probe. The genes ...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/20.23.6331
更新日期:1992-12-11 00:00:00
abstract::Available evidence suggests that Mg2+ ions are involved in reactions catalyzed by hammerhead ribozymes. However, the activity in the presence of exclusively monovalent ions led us to question whether divalent metal ions really function as catalysts when they are present. We investigated ribozyme activity in the presen...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkh753
更新日期:2004-08-09 00:00:00
abstract::Galahad (https://galahad.esat.kuleuven.be) is a web-based application for analysis of drug effects. It provides an intuitive interface to be used by anybody interested in leveraging microarray data to gain insights into the pharmacological effects of a drug, mainly identification of candidate targets, elucidation of m...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkv436
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The transcription of ribosomal genes in a cell line (Kc) derived from female D.melanogaster, has been investigated using hybridization probes prepared from restriction fragments of a cloned rDNA repeat with a 5 kb type I [Wellauer et al. (1978) Cell 14, 269-278] intron. Gels, of nuclear RNA that have been transferred ...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/8.1.67
更新日期:1980-01-11 00:00:00
abstract::Chromatin organization and epigenetic markers influence splicing, though the magnitudes of these effects and the mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that linker histone H1.5 influences mRNA splicing. We observed that linker histone H1.5 binds DNA over splice sites of short exons in human lung fibrobla...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkz338
更新日期:2019-07-09 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, we described a method for multiplex genome editing by natural transformation (MuGENT). Mutant constructs for MuGENT require large arms of homology (>2000 bp) surrounding each genome edit, which necessitates laborious in vitro DNA splicing. In Vibrio cholerae, we uncover that this requirement is due to cytopl...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkx496
更新日期:2017-07-07 00:00:00
abstract::The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) provides a large suite of online resources for biological information and data, including the GenBank® nucleic acid sequence database and the PubMed database of citations and abstracts for published life science journals. The Entrez system provides search and re...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkx1095
更新日期:2018-01-04 00:00:00
abstract::Translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) by the Y-family DNA polymerases Polη, Polι and Polκ, mediated via interaction with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), is a crucial pathway that protects human cells against DNA damage. We report that Polη has three PCNA-interacting protein (PIP) boxes (PIP1, 2, 3) that contribut...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkv712
更新日期:2015-09-18 00:00:00
abstract::We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the hormonally regulated yolk protein 1 (YP1) gene of Drosophila melanogaster. We have also determined the sequence location of the 5' and 3' ends of both the mature mRNA and the gene's only intron. The YP1 gene contains sequences similar to those found in many ot...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/9.23.6407
更新日期:1981-12-11 00:00:00
abstract::The 5' and 3' untranslated regions of eukaryotic mRNAs (UTRs) play crucial roles in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression through the modulation of nucleo-cytoplasmic mRNA transport, translation efficiency, subcellular localization and message stability. UTRdb is a curated database of 5' and 3' untran...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkp902
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human 5S rRNA genes are found in clusters of tandem repeated units. We have cloned and partially characterized six restriction fragments from two clusters of 2.3 kb and 1.6 kb repeats, respectively. Four fragments from the cluster of 2.3 kb repeats contain a 5S rRNA gene and one fragment contains a gene variant wi...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/19.15.4147
更新日期:1991-08-11 00:00:00
abstract::The Yeast Protein Localization database (YPL.db) contains information about the localization patterns of yeast proteins resulting from microscopic analyses. The data and parameters of the experiments to obtain the localization information, together with images from confocal or video microscopy, are stored in a relatio...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/30.1.80
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Highly repetitive Hind III restriction fragments of 0.72-0.76 KBP from total Xenopus laevis genomic DNA are organized in a tandem like arrangement. Cloning of these fragments in pBR 322 with subsequent restriction site mapping and nucleotide sequence analysis of some selected clones showed two different types of seque...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/11.20.6997
更新日期:1983-10-25 00:00:00
abstract::The Genomes On Line Database (GOLD) is a web resource for comprehensive access to information regarding complete and ongoing genome sequencing projects worldwide. The database currently incorporates information on over 1500 sequencing projects, of which 294 have been completed and the data deposited in the public data...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkj145
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::DNA was purified from double minutes isolated from MTX-resistant EL4/8 mouse lymphoma cells, digested to completion with Bam H1 restriction endonuclease and cloned in lambda-1059. The properties of the library suggest that the DNA from which it was made was not detectably contaminated with non-dm chromosome material, ...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/10.21.6597
更新日期:1982-11-11 00:00:00
abstract::A phosphotriester solid phase method on a polyamide support has been used to prepare oligodeoxyribonucleotides up to 12 units long. Compared to solid phase phosphodiester synthesis the new methodology is quicker, more flexible and gives 10-60-fold better overall yields. ...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/8.5.1081
更新日期:1980-03-11 00:00:00
abstract::A series of unusual folding regions (UFR) immediately 3' to the cleavage site of the outer membrane protein (OMP) and transmembrane protein (TMP) were detected in the envelope gene RNA of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1, HIV-2) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) by an extensive Monte Carlo simulation. The...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/18.6.1613
更新日期:1990-03-25 00:00:00
abstract::Genomic DNA of African trypanosomes contains a hypermodified thymidine residue termed base J (beta-d-glucosyl-HOMedU). This modified base is localized primarily to repetitive DNA, namely the telomeres, and is implicated in the regulation of antigenic variation. The base is synthesized in a two-step pathway. Initially,...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkn1067
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::TOP mRNAs are vertebrate transcripts which contain a 5'terminal oligopyrimidine tract (5'TOP), encode for ribosomal proteins and elongation factors 1alpha and 2, and are candidates for growth-dependent translational control mediated through their 5'TOP. In the present study we show that elongation factor 2 (EF2) mRNA ...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/25.5.995
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nuclear receptors for the thyroid hormone and vitamin A and D cooperate with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) in activating the transcription. Although the hormone response elements for these receptors have been proposed in which spacing of the direct repeated motifs determine the specificity (so called 3-4-5 rule), vita...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/22.15.2902
更新日期:1994-08-11 00:00:00
abstract::Primers4clades is an easy-to-use web server that implements a fully automatic PCR primer design pipeline for cross-species amplification of novel sequences from metagenomic DNA, or from uncharacterized organisms, belonging to user-specified phylogenetic clades or taxa. The server takes a set of non-aligned protein cod...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkp377
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adenosine to inosine editing of mRNA from the human 5-HT2C receptor gene (HTR2C) occurs at five exonic positions (A-E) in a stable stem-loop that includes the normal 5' splice site of intron 5 and is flanked by two alternative splice sites. Using in vitro editing, we identified a novel editing site (F) located in the ...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkh536
更新日期:2004-04-15 00:00:00