Abstract:
:Glutamine synthesis, the major pathway of ammonia detoxification, and the intracellular concentration of organic osmolytes in primary astrocytes and F98 glioma cells were investigated with multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Acute exposure to ammonia (3 h incubation with NH4Cl) raised the concentration of glutamine and other amino acids, such as glutamate and aspartate, and decreased myo-inositol, hypotaurine, and taurine concentrations. The loss of these osmolytes was partially reversed by co-treatment with the glutamine synthetase inhibitor, methionine sulphoximine. Glutamate, the precursor of glutamine, is provided by stimulated anaplerotic flux via pyruvate carboxylase and glutamate dehydrogenase activity. Thus, the glutamine increase and myo-inositol decrease observed by in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy on patients with hepatic encephalopathy may be due to the disturbed osmoregulation in astrocytes caused by accumulation of glutamine and the subsequent loss of organic osmolytes.
journal_name
Dev Neuroscijournal_title
Developmental neuroscienceauthors
Zwingmann C,Brand A,Richter-Landsberg C,Leibfritz Ddoi
10.1159/000017339subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-01-01 00:00:00pages
417-26issue
4-5eissn
0378-5866issn
1421-9859pii
dne20417journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Cerebral metabolism is known to be highly dependent upon glucose utilisation. In the neonate, severe hypoglycaemia is now recognized to be associated with subsequent adverse neurodevelopment and in extremis glial and neuronal cell death. However, the level at which hypoglycaemia becomes clinically important is not wel...
journal_title:Developmental neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000112124
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) encephalopathy occurs in 1-4 per 1,000 live term births and can cause devastating neurodevelopmental disabilities. Currently, therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the only treatment with proven efficacy. Since TH is associated with decreased cerebral metabolism and cerebral blood fl...
journal_title:Developmental neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000381704
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cytoskeleton of a newly isolated mouse embryo brain-derived cell line and of dissected mesencephalon-rhombencephalon samples of the 10- to 11-day-old mouse embryo, constituted of a ventricular zone only, has been examined by immunocytochemistry, electrophoretic separation and Western blotting techniques. In accord...
journal_title:Developmental neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000111612
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::When cells from the cerebellum of late-gestation rats were grown at low density (50-100 cells/mm2) in a three-dimensional culture system, they rapidly expressed morphological and electrophysiological properties of neurons. Growth and differentiation of the population of solitary neurons as a whole was statistically as...
journal_title:Developmental neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000111645
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of the chick bulbar cardiac ganglia has been studied ultrastructurally from the 3rd day of incubation to hatching. For descriptive purposes, their development has been divided into three phases. The first phase includes migration and aggregation of undifferentiated neuroblasts, stages 21-26 (day 3.5-5)...
journal_title:Developmental neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000112390
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preadolescent animals display protracted hormonal stress responses mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis compared to adults. Though the mechanisms that underlie this shift in stress reactivity are unknown, reduced glucocorticoid-dependent negative feedback on the HPA axis has been posited to contri...
journal_title:Developmental neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000362873
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::As a step toward using two closely related members of the nuclear receptor family, RORalpha and RORbeta, as markers and tools for genetic manipulations in mouse forebrain, we have used in situ hybridization to analyze their expression from E10.5 to P7. At later embryonic and early postnatal ages, RORalpha expression i...
journal_title:Developmental neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000072271
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A total of 216 male and female albino Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) between 10 and 60 days old from 42 litters were studied to determine mast cell characteristics within the thalamus. Whereas the mean numbers of mast cells within both the parenchyma and leptomeninges (combined) did not change appreciably after 15 da...
journal_title:Developmental neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000112759
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the effects of perinatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) on brain injury and neurological functional outcome at postnatal day (P)30 through P90. HI was induced by exposing P9 mice to 8% O(2) for 55 min using the Vannucci HI model. Following HI, mice were treated with either vehicle control or Na(+)/H(+) exchange...
journal_title:Developmental neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000328430
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurotransmitters play important roles in neurogenesis; in particular, acetylcholine and serotonin may regulate neurite elongation. Acetylcholine may also activate transcription factors such as early growth response protein 1 (EGR-1), which plays a role in neurite extension. N18TG2 neuroblastoma cells (which do not pr...
journal_title:Developmental neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000354423
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our previous studies of H218, a sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor and a member of the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily, suggest that it may participate in mammalian nervous system development. Thus, brain levels of H218 mRNA are higher during early neurogenesis than postnatally. In addition, embryonic H218 ...
journal_title:Developmental neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000017452
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dissociated cells from chick embryo encephalon of 36 h of incubation have been cultivated on fibroblast, meningeal cell, or glial layers. Within the first 24 h of cultivation, cells adhered to the preformed layers more firmly than to plastic or collagen surfaces. After 48 h of cultivation, the brain cells cultured on ...
journal_title:Developmental neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000112568
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rate of glutaminase-dependent metabolism of glutamine in intact astrocytes was determined under conditions in which the extracellular concentration of glutamine was varied between 0.2 and 3.2 mM glutamine for control and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dBcAMP)-treated cells. Glutamine metabolism by intact cells increased wi...
journal_title:Developmental neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000111410
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been reported to affect neural stem cell self-renewal and therefore may be important for normal development and may influence neurodegenerative processes when ROS activity is elevated. To determine if increasing production of superoxide, via activation of NADPH oxidase (Nox), increas...
journal_title:Developmental neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000350502
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prenatal fever could result in brain function impairments in the offspring. The present study investigated the effect of interleukin-6 (IL-6)-induced maternal fever on the offspring and the involvement of connexin 36 in this process. Pregnant C57BL/6J mice were injected with IL-6 on gestational day 15. The levels of i...
journal_title:Developmental neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000499735
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have demonstrated that exposure to ethanol during development delays the rate at which axons in certain central nervous system tracts acquire myelin. This delay appears to be related to an alteration in oligodendrocyte function and not to an aberrancy in axon size or number. The present study was desi...
journal_title:Developmental neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000112154
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the era of therapeutic hypothermia, reliable preclinical studies are integral to successfully identify neuroprotective strategies to further improve outcomes of encephalopathy at term. We reviewed preclinical neuroprotection studies reported between January 2014 and June 2016 to assess the use of effective temperat...
journal_title:Developmental neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000452859
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three experimental approaches were used to examine the maturation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the neostriatum and compare their developmental profile to that of the non-NMDA receptors [alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) and kainate (KA)]. The first, and least conventional ...
journal_title:Developmental neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000017310
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The neonatal rat model of unilateral cerebral hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is commonly used to test the efficacy of therapeutic strategies for prevention or treatment of stroke in the immature brain. Traditionally neuroprotection has been defined as reduction in tissue injury; there is growing interest in complementary funct...
journal_title:Developmental neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000075665
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chick embryo retina neurons in culture extend neurites and form synapses. Seven different culture substrates were compared to determine which culture surface would produce the best neuronal survival and neurite extension. The order of survival of retina neurons during 7 days of culture is salt-precipitated collagen gr...
journal_title:Developmental neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000112705
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dissociated cells of cerebral hemispheres from 8-day-old chick embryos were cultivated for 8 days in polylysine-coated Petri dishes. Changes of DNA, RNA, total proteins, putrescine, spermidine, spermine, free amino acids and enzymes involved in polyamine and GABA metabolism were studied throughout neuronal development...
journal_title:Developmental neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000112755
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study we have examined the susceptibility of the mitochondrial respiratory chain of astrocytes and astrocytes depleted of glutathione to peroxynitrite exposure. Astrocytes, as reported previously by us, appeared resistant to the actions of peroxynitrite. In contrast, depletion (-94%) of astrocytic glutathione ...
journal_title:Developmental neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000111432
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insulin binding was measured on crude mitochondrial or plasma membranes prepared from different rat brain regions during postnatal development. In the cerebral cortex and brainstem, insulin binding decreased 60-70% between birth and the adult period. In the cerebellum, insulin binding doubled in the first 10 postnatal...
journal_title:Developmental neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000111863
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A leading hypothesis of the cause of neuronal death in Huntington's disease (HD) is excitotoxicity, in which subpopulations of striatal neurons are hypersensitive to glutamate release due to changes in postsynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs). In the present study we used RT-PCR methods on single cells and...
journal_title:Developmental neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000091921
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have shown that the developmentally regulated appearance of the two myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) polypeptides in normal mouse brain myelin does not reflect the developmental pattern of differential splicing of primary gene transcripts as determined earlier by RNase protection assays. Contrary to expectation...
journal_title:Developmental neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000111857
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cell line MN9D, a fusion of embryonic ventral mesencephalic and neuroblastoma cells, is extensively used as a model of dopamine (DA) neurons because it expresses tyrosine hydroxylase and synthesizes and releases DA. These cells are also used to test mechanisms and potential therapeutics relevant to the loss of DA ...
journal_title:Developmental neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000095115
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) increases the risk of brain injury and impaired neurodevelopment. Rapid brain maturation prior to birth may explain why preterm brains are particularly vulnerable to serious infections. Using pigs as models, we hypothesized that preterm birth was associated with altered blood-cerebrospi...
journal_title:Developmental neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000488979
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the socially monogamous prairie vole, we have observed that small changes in early handling, as well as early hormonal manipulations can have long-lasting and sexually dimorphic effects on behavior. These changes may be mediated in part by changes in parental interactions with their young, acting on systems that re...
journal_title:Developmental neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000216544
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of undernutrition on the activity of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAc) (markers for the GABA-ergic and the cholinergic transmitter system, respectively) was studied in various parts of the rat brain at the age of 10, 15 and 21 days, and at day 54 following 33 days of rehabil...
journal_title:Developmental neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000112551
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by intellectual disability, sensory hypersensitivity, and high incidences of autism spectrum disorders and epilepsy. These phenotypes are suggestive of defects in neural circuit development and imbalances in excitatory glutamatergic and inhibitory...
journal_title:Developmental neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000329420
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00